CHAPTER-1

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Balancing Chemical Equations

Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction:
(a) Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
(b) KClO3 → KCl + O2
(c) C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

2. Law of Conservation of Mass

Explain the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. Use an appropriate example of a
balanced chemical equation to illustrate your explanation.

3. Decomposition Reactions
Discuss the significance of decomposition reactions in daily life and industrial processes. Provide at
least two examples with balanced chemical equations.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.

o Reason (R): It absorbs sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Choose the correct option:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Classifying Reactions
Classify the following reactions into combination, decomposition, displacement, or double
displacement reactions. Write balanced chemical equations for each:
(a) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(b) Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
(c) Pb(NO3)2 + KI → PbI2 + KNO3

6. Application-Based Question
A student observed that burning magnesium ribbon in air forms a white powder.
(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
(b) Explain why magnesium is used in fireworks, connecting it with the type of chemical reaction
involved.

CHAPTER-2

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Reaction with Non-Metal Oxides

Explain what happens when a base reacts with a non-metal oxide. Provide an example with a balanced
chemical equation and infer the nature of non-metal oxides.

2. pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Two solutions, A and B, have pH values of 3 and 5, respectively.
(a) Which solution has a higher hydrogen ion concentration?
 (b) Which solution is more acidic?
Justify your answer with proper reasoning.

3. Action on Litmus Paper

Describe the action of the following substances on litmus paper:
(a) Dry HCl gas
(b) Moistened NH3 gas
(c) Lemon juice
(d) Carbonated soft drinks
(e) Soap solution
Explain the chemical basis for each observation.

4. Neutralization Reaction
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between an acid and a base. Explain the concept of
neutralization and its applications in daily life.

5. Water of Crystallization
(a) Define water of crystallization.
(b) State the number of water molecules present in crystals of washing soda and plaster of Paris.
(c) Write the chemical formulas for both compounds.

6. Reaction with Metals

When zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, a gas evolves.
(a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
(b) Name the gas evolved and describe a test to confirm its presence.
(c) What happens when zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid instead?

CHAPTER-3

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Ray Diagram Analysis

Draw ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of images by a concave mirror for the following positions
of the object:

o Beyond the center of curvature

o At the focus

o Between the focus and the pole

Explain the nature, position, and size of the image formed in each case.

2. Lens Formula Application

An object is placed 20 cm away from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm.

o Calculate the position of the image formed using the lens formula.

o Determine the magnification of the image.

o State whether the image is real or virtual, and explain.

3. Critical Thinking
A student observes that the bottom of a swimming pool appears shallower than its actual depth.

o Explain the phenomenon responsible for this observation.

o Derive the formula for the apparent depth in terms of the refractive index.
 o How does this phenomenon impact the design of optical instruments?

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): Convex mirrors are used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles.

o Reason (R): Convex mirrors provide a wider field of view.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Numerical Problem
A concave mirror has a focal length of 15 cm. An object is placed 25 cm away from the mirror.

o Calculate the position of the image formed using the mirror formula.

o Determine the magnification of the image.

o Describe the nature of the image formed.

6. Conceptual Question
Explain the phenomenon of refraction of light through a glass slab.

o Derive the formula for lateral displacement in terms of the thickness of the slab and the angle of
incidence.

o How does the refractive index of the slab a ect lateral displacement?

o Mention two practical applications of this phenomenon.

CHAPTER-4

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Nutrition in Plants and Animals

o Explain the process of photosynthesis in plants. Write the balanced chemical equation for
photosynthesis.

o Compare autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition with examples.

2. Respiration

o Di erentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

o Explain the process of respiration in humans, including the role of alveoli in gaseous exchange.

3. Transport in Plants

o Describe the mechanism of water transport in plants through xylem.

o Explain the role of transpiration in the movement of water and minerals.

4. Excretion in Humans

o Explain the structure and function of the human excretory system.

 o Discuss the role of kidneys in maintaining homeostasis.

5. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): The heart is a double pump.

o Reason (R): It pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

6. Critical Thinking

o Explain the role of enzymes in digestion.

o Describe the process of digestion in humans, including the functions of the stomach, small
intestine, and associated glands.

CHAPTER 5-

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Nervous System

o Explain the structure and function of the human nervous system.

o Describe the role of neurons in transmitting signals, including the mechanism of synaptic
transmission.

2. Hormonal Coordination

o Discuss the role of hormones in plants and animals.

o Explain the functions of auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins in plants.

o Describe the role of insulin and thyroxine in humans.

3. Reflex Actions

o Define reflex action and explain its significance.

o Draw a labeled diagram of the reflex arc and describe its components.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): The brain is the control center of the human body.

o Reason (R): It coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.
 5. Plant Movements

o Explain the di erent types of movements in plants (tropic and nastic movements).

o Describe the role of plant hormones in these movements with examples.

6. Critical Thinking

o Compare and contrast the nervous system and endocrine system in humans.

o Explain how these systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

CHAPTER-6

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Modes of Reproduction

o Compare asexual and sexual reproduction in organisms.

o Explain why sexual reproduction leads to variation in o spring, while asexual reproduction does
not.

2. Reproductive Health

o Discuss the importance of reproductive health in society.

o Explain the role of contraceptive methods in maintaining reproductive health. Provide

examples.

3. Human Reproductive System

o Describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems.

o Explain the process of fertilization and development of the zygote in humans.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): DNA copying during reproduction is essential for the continuity of life.

o Reason (R): DNA copying introduces variation in o spring.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Plant Reproduction

o Explain the process of pollination and fertilization in flowering plants.

o Describe the role of di erent agents in pollination with examples.

6. Critical Thinking

o Explain the significance of vegetative propagation in plants.

o Discuss its advantages and disadvantages compared to sexual reproduction.

CHAPTER-7

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Structure and Function of the Human Eye

o Describe the structure of the human eye with the help of a labeled diagram.

o Explain the functions of the cornea, iris, lens, retina, and optic nerve.

2. Defects of Vision

o Explain the causes and corrections for the following defects of vision:
(a) Myopia
(b) Hypermetropia
(c) Presbyopia

o Draw diagrams to illustrate how these defects are corrected using lenses.

3. Dispersion of Light

o Define dispersion of light and explain the formation of a spectrum by a glass prism.

o Discuss the phenomenon of rainbow formation in nature.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): The sky appears blue due to the scattering of light.

o Reason (R): Blue light has a shorter wavelength and is scattered more than other colors.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Critical Thinking

o Explain the phenomenon of atmospheric refraction with examples.

o Discuss how atmospheric refraction causes the apparent flattening of the sun at sunrise and
sunset.

6. Numerical Problem

o A person uses a lens of power -2.5 D to correct their vision.

(a) Identify the defect of vision they are su ering from.
(b) Calculate the focal length of the lens used.
(c) Explain how the lens helps in correcting the defect.

CHAPTER-8
Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

o Compare the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.

o Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity, while non-metals are not.

2. Reactivity Series

o Define the reactivity series of metals.

o Explain how the reactivity series helps in predicting the outcomes of displacement reactions.

o Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:

(a) Zinc reacts with copper sulfate solution.
(b) Iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

3. Corrosion

o What is corrosion? Explain the process of rusting of iron with the help of a chemical equation.

o Discuss methods to prevent corrosion and their practical applications.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): Sodium is stored in kerosene.

o Reason (R): Sodium reacts vigorously with oxygen and moisture in the air.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Extraction of Metals

o Explain the process of extraction of metals from their ores using the following methods:
(a) Reduction with carbon (example: extraction of iron).
(b) Electrolytic reduction (example: extraction of aluminum).

o Write the chemical equations involved in these processes.

6. Critical Thinking

o Explain why aluminum is used to make utensils and aircraft parts.

o Discuss the amphoteric nature of aluminum with the help of chemical equations.

CHAPTER 9

Most Important Questions (10 Marks)

1. Ohm's Law and Circuit Analysis

o State Ohm's Law and derive the formula for resistance in terms of potential di erence and
current.

o A circuit has a 12 V battery connected to a resistor of 6 Ω. Calculate the current flowing through
the circuit and the power dissipated in the resistor.
 2. Series and Parallel Combination of Resistors

o Explain the di erence between series and parallel combinations of resistors.

o Three resistors of 4 Ω, 6 Ω, and 8 Ω are connected in parallel. Calculate the equivalent

resistance of the combination.

3. Heating E ect of Electric Current

o Derive the formula for heat produced in a conductor due to the flow of current.

o Discuss the applications of the heating e ect of electric current in daily life.

4. Assertion and Reasoning

o Assertion (A): The resistance of a conductor increases with an increase in temperature.

o Reason (R): The movement of electrons becomes more restricted at higher temperatures.

Choose the correct option:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Justify your answer.

5. Numerical Problem

o A wire of length 2 m and cross-sectional area 1 mm² has a resistance of 10 Ω. Calculate the
resistivity of the material of the wire.

o If the wire is stretched to double its original length, what will be its new resistance?

6. Critical Thinking

o Explain the concept of electric power and derive the formula for power in terms of voltage and
current.

o A 100 W bulb is connected to a 220 V supply. Calculate the current flowing through the bulb and
its resistance.

These questions are designed to test your understanding of the chapter's concepts and your ability to apply
them critically. Let me know if you'd like detailed solutions or further assistance!