BUSINESS COMPUTER

APPLICATIONS

Introduction to Internet & the

World Wide Web.
L7-8
 Objectives
 Define the Internet, and explain how it works.
 Describe methods for accessing the Internet.
 Differentiate between the Internet and the
World Wide Web, and
 Describe the elements that enable Web
content to be displayed.
 Describe several methods of finding
information on the Web including the use of a
URL, surfing, conducting searches, and
sharing with other Web users.

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 Objectives
 Identify features to look for when
evaluating a Web site or its content.
 List the most popular Internet services,
and explain what they do.
 Describe the three types of e-
commerce.
 List safe surfing procedures, and
identify hazards of the Web.

3
Internet and World Wide Web

Which came first - Internet or

WWW?
 The Internet
Internet is a network of
interconnected computers that is
now global (Net)
Internet born in 1969 - called
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(ARPANET)-U.S. Department of Defense
project
Purpose!
•Create a form of secure communication for military
and scientific purposes
•Create a method for transferring such
communication between computers.
 What is the Internet?
• The Internet is a network of networks that
consists of millions of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks
, of local to global scope, that carries a vast
range of information resources and services
inter-linked via hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web (WWW) and the
infrastructure.
 The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)
to serve billions of users worldwide.
 Internet
 It includes several high-bandwidth data
lines that comprise the Internet "backbone."
◦ These lines are connected to major
Internet hubs that distribute data to other
locations, such as web servers and ISPs.
◦ Most homes connect to the internet by
subscribing to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP).
 Internet moves your ideas and information
through cyberspace – the space of
electronic movement of ideas and
 The uses of the Internet
Send e-mail messages.
Send (upload) or receive (down
load) files between computers.
Participate in discussion groups,
such as mailing lists and
newsgroups.
Surfing the web.
How Does the Internet Work?
 Internet—composed of
more than 750 million
hosts
 Host—computer that
has two-way access to
other computers:
◦ Receives requests
◦ Replies to those
requests

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How Does the Internet Work?
 Volunteers maintain the Internet
networks.
 Private and public groups provide the
equipment.
 Network service providers (NSPs)
◦ Maintain the Internet backbone—the main
high-speed routes

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How Does the Internet Work?

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 What is Web?
 The Web (World Wide Web-WWW) consists of
information organized into:-
◦ Web pages containing text and graphic
images.
 It contains hypertext links, or highlighted
keywords and images that lead to related
information.
 A collection of linked Web pages that has a
common theme or focus is called a Web site.
 The main page that all of the pages on a
particular Web site are organized around and
link back to is called the site’s home page.
The Internet and the Web: What’s th
Difference?
 Web contains the
information.
 Internet transports
information to and from
users.

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 How to access the Internet?
 Many schools and businesses have direct
access to the Internet using special high-
speed communication lines and
equipment.
 Students and employees can access
through the organization’s Local Area
Networks (LAN) or through their own
personal computers.
 Another way to access the Internet is
through Internet Service Provider (ISP).
 Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A commercial organization with
permanent connection to the
Internet that sells temporary
connections to subscribers.
Examples:
◦ TTCL, Raha Liguid Telecom, UCC, Capital
Technologies, CATs-net, Marlink (T),
SIMBA.NET, and so on.
 Choosing an Internet Service
Provider
• Once you have decided which type of internet
access you are interested in, you can
determine which ISPs are available in your area
that offer the type of internet access you want.
• Then, you will need to purchase internet
service from one of the available ISPs.
• Things to consider as you research ISPs:
– Speed
– Price on usage
– Installation Cost
– Service Record
– Technical Support
– Contract Terms
 How to access the Internet?
 To access the Internet,
◦ An existing network need to pay a small
registration fee and agree to certain
standards based on the TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) reference model..
 Each organization pays for its own
networks and its own telephone bills,
◦ Costs usually exist independent of the
internet.
 Addresses on the Web: IP
Addressing
 Each computer on the internet does
have a unique identification number,
called an IP (Internet Protocol) address.
 The IP addressing system currently in
use on the Internet uses a four-part
number.
 Each part of the address is a number
ranging from 0 to 255, and each part is
separated from the previous part by
period,
 For example, 192.168.10.2
 Domain Name Addressing
 Most web browsers do not use the IP address
to locate Web sites and individual pages.
 They use domain name addressing.
 A domain name is a unique name associated
with a specific IP address by a program that
runs on an Internet host computer.
 This program, which coordinates the IP
addresses and domain names for all computers
attached to it, is called DNS (Domain Name
System ) software.
 The host computer that runs this software is
called a domain name server.
 How to access the Web?
 Once you have your Internet connection,
then you need special software called a
browser to access the Web.
 Web browsers are used to connect you to
remote computers, open and transfer files,
display text and images.
◦ Web browsers are specialized programs.
◦ Examples of Web browsers: Netscape
Navigator (Navigator), Internet Explorer ,Google
Chrome, Mozilla, MS Edge, Safari, Opera, etc
Client/Server Structure of the Web
 Web is a collection of files that reside on
computers, called Web servers, that are located
all over the world and are connected to each
other through the Internet.
 When you use your Internet connection to
become part of the Web, your computer
becomes a Web client in a worldwide
client/server network.
 A Web browser is the software that you run on
your computer to make it work as a web client.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
 The public files on the web servers are
ordinary text files, much like the files
used by word-processing software.
 To allow Web browser software to read
them, the text must be formatted
according to a generally accepted
standard.
 The standard used on the web is
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
 HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the Web
browser software how to display the text
contained in the document.
 Uniform Resource Locators
 To identify a Web pages exact location,
Web browsers rely on Uniform Resource
Locator (URL).
 URL is a four-part addressing scheme
that tells the Web browser:
What transfer protocol to use for transporting
the file
The domain name of the computer on which
the file resides
The pathname of the folder or directory on the
computer on which the file resides
The name of the file
Structure of a Uniform Resource Locato

Protocol Pathname

http://www.ifm.ac.tz/admission/prospectus
filename
Domain name

http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 The transfer protocol is the set of rules
that the computers use to move files
from one computer to another on the
Internet.
 The most common transfer protocol
used on the Internet is the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
 Two other protocols that you can use on
the Internet are the File Transfer
Protocol (FTP) and the Telnet Protocol
 How to find information on the Web?
 A number of search tools have been
developed and available to you on
certain Web sites that provide search
services to help you find information.
 Examples:
 Yahoo  www.yahoo.com
 Google  www.google.com
 Wikipedia  www.wikipedia.com
 MSN Web-Search 
www.search.msn.com
How to find information on the Web?

 You can find information by two basic means.

 Search by Topic and Search by keywords.
 Some search services offer both methods,
others only one.
 Google offers both.
Search by Topic
You can navigate through topic lists
Search by keywords
You can navigate by entering a keyword or
phase into a search text box.
Using Information from the Web
 Evaluate information obtained from the
Web:
◦ Who is author?
◦ Does the author reference sources?
◦ Who is the Web page affiliated with? Who pays
for it?
◦ Is the language objective/dispassionate or
strident/argumentative?
◦ What is the purpose of the page?
◦ Does the information appear to be accurate?
◦ Is the page current?

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 Exploring Internet Services
Electronic mail (e-mail)
◦ Type of application software that makes sending
and receiving messages through computer
networks possible

E-mail attachment
◦ Computer file included with an e-mail message
Spam
◦ Unsolicited e-mails, usually from advertisers
◦ Do not open spam

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 E-mail service
 Six steps for Writing an email;
◦ Identify your goal –before composing, ask
yourself what do you want the recipient s to act
after they have read it.
◦ Consider your audience –your tone should
match your audience
◦ Keep it concise –make it brief as much as
possible
◦ Proofread your email –check spelling, grammar
or syntax errors.
◦ Use proper etiquette –include a courteous
greeting and closing to sound friendly.
Format and structure of an email
Format and structure of an email

Add an attachment here

Format and structure of an email

Five elements to consider:

 Subject line –short phrase that
summarizes the reason for your
message.
◦ Eg. “ITU07205 INCOMPLETE CW “
 Salutation –first line of your email and
generally acts as the greeting, e.g., “Hi
Mr . Juma”.
Format and structure of an
email..
 Body - Just like the body of a letter
e.g., “ .........I’m writing to inform you
that my lab assessment score has not
.......uploaded ......to the system. ...bla
bla bla ..........., Please crosscheck
your record and upload it accordingly.
I have attached a file of the lab project
recorded during the assessment to
share it with your team as an
evidence.................“
Format and structure of an
email..
 Closing –last line of your email before
signature, wrap up your message. E.g.
“ I look forward to see my CW on the
system. Thank you for your attention ”
 Signature -Identify yourself by name,
title, and other relevant
communication information . E.g.
“Sincerely,
Afya Njema
IMC/BEF/2010001,
0789000000”
 Exploring Internet

Services …
Malware
◦ Malicious software that places a
computer in the spammer’s control
Spyware
◦ Gathers data from a system without
knowledge
Social networking
◦ Helps people connect
◦ Sites such as MySpace provide the ability to create
large communities online.

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 Exploring Internet

Services

Instant messaging (IM) systems

◦ Allow immediate, real-time
communication with contacts
Requires additional software
Notifies users when a contact is
connected to the Internet
Spamming—spam for instant
messaging
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 Exploring Internet

Services
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
◦ Method to transfer files over the Internet
◦ Use when files are too large to attach to e-mails
◦ Usually requires a user name and a password
◦ Use to upload Web pages

Anonymous FTP
◦ Files are available publicly available for downloading
◦ Lack of security
◦ Do not send sensitive material

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 E-Commerce
E-commerce
◦ Conducting business through the use of
networks or the Internet
E-tailors (Web-based retailers)
◦ Online merchants
Business-to-business (B2B)
e-commerce
◦ Refers to a business providing supplies to other
businesses via the Internet

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 E-Commerce
 Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-
commerce
◦ Refers to the exchange of business between individuals
◦ Example: eBay
 Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-
commerce
◦ Refers to shopping online rather than at a physical store.
 Online shopping
◦ Shop for good deals
◦ Use shopping portals to compare prices and products
Example: PriceGrabber.com
◦ Look for coupons and rebates

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 E-Commerce
Other growth areas
◦ Travel reservations
◦ Banking
◦ Online stock trading
◦ Nonretail services, such as
health, news, and dating services

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 Safe Surfing
 Guidelines for safe surfing
◦ Never give out identifying information.
◦ Never respond to suggestive messages.
◦ Never open e-mail from an unknown
source.
◦ Never allow a child to make
arrangements for a face-to-face
meeting alone.
◦ Remember individuals online may not
be who they claim to be.

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 Safe Surfing
Additional online hazards to avoid:
◦ Malware
◦ Identity theft
◦ Threats to you and your family
◦ Unscrupulous vendors

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 Summary
• Describe the basic types of technology that
make telecommunication possible.
• Describe computer networking concepts.
• Describe the nature and function of local-area
networks and wide-area networks.
• What are the principal components of
telecommunications networks and key
networking technologies?
 Define the Internet, and explain how it works.
 Connecting a computer network to an internet.

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 Summary
 Describe methods for accessing the
Internet.
 Differentiate between the Internet and the
World Wide Web, and
 Describe the elements that enable Web
content to be displayed.
 Describe several methods of finding
information on the Web including the use
of a URL, surfing, conducting searches,
and sharing with other Web users.
45
 Summary
 Identify features to look for when
evaluating a Web site or its content.
 List the most popular Internet services,
and explain what they do.
 Describe the three types of e-
commerce.
 List safe surfing procedures, and
identify hazards of the Web.

46