Pakistan International School, English

Section, Riyadh
Grade 6
Unit 5: The Modern Period In Europe
Chapter: The Early Modern Age: Competing Ideas and Values
Subjective Portion

Write down the answers to the following questions:

Q.1 Define Renaissance and why it was so influential. ? (4 marks)
Ans: Renaissance is a French word meaning ‘rebirth’. It is used to refer to a period of new thinking about
art and culture that originated from some Italian states in the 14th and 15th century. Rich merchants and
nobles became patrons of the arts such as music, painting, sculpture, poetry and storytelling in the form
of chronicles and sagas. Scientists, inventors, mathematicians, and philosophers began to think about
world differently. (Page 70)

Q.2 What was reformation and what was Martin Luther’s role in it? (4 marks )
Ans: In the 16th century, Christianity in Western Europe split over disagreements about how to behave
and worship God. In 1517ce, a preacher named Martin Luther (1483-1546) nailed a list of criticisms and
demands addressed to the Catholic Church on his church door in Wittenberg. This document came to be
known as the ’95 These’ and started the Reformation (reinterpretation of religion). This resulted in the
church splitting into two branches. (Page 71)

Q.3 What was American Revolution? (4 marks)?

Ans: during the 17th century, new ideas about power and government were proposed. For the thirteen
British colonies in North America, these debates were very relevant as they had little control over their
government. The American Revolution refers to how the thirteen colonies gained independence from
Britain, forming the sovereign United States of America. These 13 colonies were then supported in their
struggle by international allies such as Spain, Netherlands and France. (Page 74).

Q.4 Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

Ans: Napoleon Bonaparte( 1796-1821ce), was a French Genera, who had become well known after
successes during the French Revolutionary Wars. From 1796-1804ce he was First Consul, sharing
political control of France with two others but then ruled on his own. Napoleon was a capable general
who expanded his empire by conquering neighboring territories in Europe and reaching as far as
Moscow. However he also spent years defending his empire, particularly against the British. (page 77)
Write down the detailed answers of the following.
Q.1 what was Enlightenment and what were its main features?
Ans:

1. The term enlightenment comes from the French term ‘Siècle des lumieres’ or ‘century of
enlightened’.
2. It refers to the work done during the 17th and 18th century by a series of key intellectuals.
3. The enlightenment included ideas that laid a lot of emphasis on the value of human happiness,
focusing on acquiring knowledge through tangible reason and evidence.
4. The enlightenment brought it with a set of ideals such as progress, liberty, fraternity, and tolerance,
which help to create a better society.
5. The age of enlightenment in Europe also saw the development of a constitutional form of
government, and the separation of the church and the state.
6. These changes were reflective of the prevalent thought regarding individualism and personal
choice. ( page 72)

Q.2 State the reasons of French Revolution. / What caused the French Revolution?
Ans:

1. Society in the 18th century was comprised of the nobility, the clergy, and the peasants.
2. The peasants, despite being of the lowest rank, faced many social and political injustices, such as
being the only class that had to pay taxes.
3. These injustices caused a lot of resentment amongst the peasants.
4. In 1788ce, a bad harvest in France led to starvation, while the government increased the taxes
on the already suffering masses.
5. Angry peasants started protesting against the monarchy in France, and stormed the royal prison
at the Bastille in 1789ce, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. (page 76)

Q.3 What are some advantages and disadvantages of Industrial Revolution?

Ans:

Advantages of Industrial Revolution:

1. More jobs and greater employment opportunities were made available for people. Due to
increased profits, salaries improved for many workers.
2. Increased emphasis on education, and improved education system along with new technologies
that improved the standard of living.
3. Mass production made food and other essential goods cheaper and more widely available with
improved transport, such as the construction of railways.

Disadvantages of Industrial Revolution:

1. Factories often had poor working conditions, and little to no regulations for work to protect
workers’ rights (including a rise in health issues) along with the increased in child labor.
2. Increased water, air, and noise pollution due to greater industrialization, especially in cities.
 3. Increased population density in cities, poor living conditions (unplanned infrastructural
development, dirty streets increased chances of disease). (page 79)

Objective Portion
Fill in the blanks.
1. Renaissance is a French word meaning rebirth.
2. Renaissance Humanism is the philosophy of gaining ancient and new knowledge to improve the
world and society.
3. The age of enlightenment in Europe also saw the development of a constitutional form of
government.
4. David Hume argued for strong government under Monarchs.
5. Jean Jacques had written that social contract existed between the government and the people.
6. When the five colonists, in a separate incident were killed in what is known as the Boston Tea
Party.
7. American colonists protested and produced the Declaration of Independence.
8. The peasants in France, despite being of the lowest rank, were the only class that had to pay
taxes.
9. Angry peasants protesting against the monarchy in France, marking the beginning of French
Revolution.
10. The French Revolution started with the demands for Liberty, Equality and Unity.
11. Napoleon was unable to defeat Britain because he could not compete with the British Royal
Navy at sea.
12. Napoleon did not consider women equal to men and did not free enslaved people in his
colonies.
13. The Farming Revolution of mid-18th century onwards led to increased agricultural yields.
14. During the Industrial Revolution people increasingly started to move towards towns by a fall in
agricultural work.
15. By the 1770’s, James Watt’s steam engine represented a major leap in powering machines.

Write One-word answers for the following:

1. A person interested in many different types of knowledge and ideas? Polymath

2. It included ideas that laid a lot of emphasis on the value of human happiness?. Enlightenment

3 Jean Jacques Rousseau was the author of?. The social contract.

4. How many colonies gained independence from Britain and formed United States of America? 13

5. French Revolution weakened which institution in France? Monarchy

6. Napoleon spent years defending his empire against? Britain.

7. ‘The Code Napoleon’ was introduced by? Napoleon Bonaparte

8. Which revolution made goods manufacturing cheap and widely available? Industrial Revolution.

9. Cheap, poor quality, unregulated housing, child labor and low wages are some of the problems of?
Urbanization.

10. Britain had large reserves of? Coal and Iron ore.

11. Under which treaty United States of America was recognized by Britain? Treaty of Paris

Choose the correct

1. In ____________________ revolution, the main question shifted from why to how.

a.French Revolution.

b. Scientific Revolution.

c. Industrial Revolution.

2. Leonardo da Vinci is often used as an example of the contribution to world learning of

________________________.

a. Enlightenment

b. Reformation

c. Renaissance.

3. _________________________, English philosopher with an interest in the systems of

government.

a. Benjamin Franklin

b. John Locke

c. David Hume

4. David Hume argued to criticized other’s arguments if they were not based on strong
_______________.

a. Logic

b. Government

c. Work.

5. United States of America is now a ___________________ republic with fifty states.

a. Monarchy

b. Federal

c. Government
6.‘The Declaration of Independence’ by the thirteen colonies was issued on

a. 28 March 1776

b. 4 July 1776

c. 19 December 1776

7.After the final surrender of Yorktown, the retreating British army band played the tune
_________________________

a. Surrender of lord

b. Revolutionary War

c. The World upside down.

8. Napoleon Bonaparte became well known after the success during the:
a. American Revolution
b. Industrial Revolution
c. French Revolution.

9. Industrial Revolution began in :

a. Britain
b. China
c. Japan
10. Development of modern industries is:
a. Modernization
b. Industrialization
c. Westernization
11. Laissez-faire approach means:
a. Leave the situation alone
b. Invest in the situation
c. Create a new problem

Define the following terms/ Glossary words

Narrative Art: paintings and drawings which seek to present an accurate and life like visual
story or interpretation. It is an art that tells a story.
Radicalism: demands for dramatic and fundamental change to how things are normally done.
Radicals are normally seen as shocking and possibly as dangerous to the established system.
Renaissance Humanism: The philosophy of gaining ancient and new knowledge to improve the
world and society.
Urbanization: The growth of towns and cities as urban or built up areas. It is the population
shift from rural to urban areas.

Label the following pictures.

Napoleon Banoparte

Mona lisa
James Watt’s steam engine