Question 1.

Find the terms and their coefficients for each Binomials- x + y, 2y – 3y², 4z – 15z², p²q + pq², 2p + 2q
of the following expressions.
Trinomials- x + x²+ x³, 7 + y + 5x, 2y – 3y² + 4y³, 5x – 4y +
(i) 5xyz² – 3zy 3xy

(ii) 1 + x+ x² Polynomials that do not fall in any of these categories are x

+ y, x + x²+ x³, ab + bc + cd + da
(iii) 4x²y² – 4x²y²z² + z²
Question 3. Add the following.
(iv) 3- pq + qr – rp
(i) ab – bc, bc – ca, ca – ab
(v) x/2 + y/2 – xy
(ii) a – b + ab, b – c + bc, c – a + ac
(vi) 0.3a – 0.6ab + 0.5b
(iii) 2p²q² – 3pq + 4, 5 + 7pq – 3p²q²
Answer 1. The terms and coefficients are given below,
(iv) l² + m², m² + n², n² + l², 2lm + 2mn + 2nl

Terms Answer 3. (i) (ab – bc) + (bc – ca) + (ca – ab)

= ab – bc + bc – ca + ca – ab

(i) 5xyz², -3zy = ab-ab-bc+bc-ca+ca

=0

(ii) 1, x, x² (ii) (a – b + ab) + (b – c + bc) + (c – a + ac)

= a – b + ab + b – c + bc + c -a +ac

(iii) 4x²y², -4x²y²z², z² = a – a -b + b + ab – c + c + bc + ac

= ab + bc + ac

(iv) 3, -pq, qr, -rp (iii) ( 2p²q² – 3pq + 4) + ( 5 + 7pq – 3p²q²)

= 2p²q² – 3pq + 4 + 5 + 7pq – 3p²q²

(v) x/2, y/2, -xy = 2p²q² – 3p²q² + 7pq – 3pq + 4 + 5

= -1p²q² + 4pq + 9

(vi) 0.3a, -0.6ab, 0.5b = 4pq + 9 – p²q²

(iv) ( l² + m²) + (m² + n²) + (n² + l²) + (2lm +

Question 2. Classify the following polynomials as 2mn + 2nl)
monomials, binomials, and trinomials. Also, state the
= l² + m² + m² + n² + n² + l² + 2lm + 2mn +
polynomials do not fall in any of these three categories? 2nl

x + y, 1000, x + x² + x³, 7 + y + 5x, 2y – 3y², 2y – 3y² + 4y³, 5x = l² + l² + m² + m² + n² + n² + 2lm + 2mn +

– 4y + 3xy, 4z – 15z², ab + bc + cd + da, pqr, 2nl

p²q + pq², 2p + 2q, = 2l² + 2m² + 2n² + 2lm + 2mn + 2nl

Answer 2. The classified terms are given below, = 2( l² + m² + n² + lm + mn + nl)

Monomials- 1000, pqr Question 4. Subtract the following.

(i) 4a – 7ab + 3b + 12 from 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3 = 51x³y³z³

(ii 3xy + 5yz – 7zx from 5xy – 2yz – 2zx + 10xyz (iii) ( 15xy² ) x ( 17yz² )

(iii) 4p²q – 3pq + 5pq²– 8p + 7q – 10 from 18 – 3p – 11q + = 255xy³z²

5pq – 2pq2+ 5p²q
(iv) ( –5a²bc ) x ( 11ab ) x ( 13abc² )
Answer 4.
= -715a⁴b³c³
(i) ( 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3 ) – ( 4a – 7ab + 3b + 12 )
(v) ( pq – 2r ) x ( pq – 2r )
= 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3 – 4a + 7ab – 3b – 12
= pq ( pq – 2r) – 2r( pq – 2r )
= 12a – 4a – 9ab + 7ab + 5b –3b – 3 – 12
= p²q² – 2pqr – 2rpq + 4r²
= 8a – 2ab + 2b – 15
= p²q² – 4pqr + 4r²
(ii) ( 5xy – 2yz – 2zx + 10xyz ) – ( 3xy + 5yz –
7zx ) (vi) ( 3 p² + 2 q² ) x ( 2p² – 3q² )

= 5xy – 2yz – 2zx + 10xyz – 3xy – 5yz + 2 3

7zx = 3p² x 2p² – 3 p² x 3q² + 2q² x 2p²
= 5xy – 3xy – 2yz – 5yz – 2zx + 7zx + – 2q² x 3q²
10xyz 2 2 3
= 2xy – 7yz + 5zx + 10xyz 3

(iii) ( 18 – 3p – 11q + 5pq – 2pq2+ 5p²q ) – = 6P4 – 9p²q² + 4q²p² – 6q4

( 4p²q – 3pq + 5pq²– 8p + 7q – 10 ) 2 2 3 3
= 18 – 3p – 11q + 5pq – 2pq2 + 5p²q – 4p²q = 3P4 – 9p²q² + 4q²p² – 2q4
+ 3pq – 5pq² + 8p – 7q + 10
2 3
= 18 + 10 – 3p + 8p – 11q – 7q + 5pq + 3pq –
2pq2 – 5pq² + 5p²q – 4p²q Question 6. Which term is the like term similar to 24a²bc?

= 28 + 5p – 18q + 8pq – 7pq² + p²q (a) 13 × 8a × 2b × c × a

Question 5. Multiply the following. (b) 8 × 3 × a × b × c

(i) – 7pq²r³, – 13p³q²r (c) 3 × 8 × a × b × c × c

(ii) 3x²y²z², 17xyz (d) 3 × 8 × a × b × b × c

(iii) 15xy², 17yz² Answer 6. Option (a)

(iv) –5a²bc, 11ab, 13abc² Explanation: To find out the similar term as 24a²bc, let us
find the product of each of the equations,
(v) (pq – 2r), (pq – 2r)
13 × 8a × 2b × c × a = 208a²bc
(vi) (3/2p² + 2/3q²), (2p² –3q²)
8 × 3 × a × b × c = 24abc
Answer 5. (i) ( – 7pq²r³ ) x ( – 13p³q²r )
3 × 8 × a × b × c × c = 24abc²
= 91P4 q4 r4
3 × 8 × a × b × b × c = 24ab²c
(ii) ( 3x²y²z² ) x ( 17xyz )
Hence, we can get that option (a) is correct. As per standard identity 2, (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²

Question 7. Which of the following is an identity? (e) (a – b)

(a) (p + q)² = p² + q² As per standard identity 3, (a + b ) ( a – b ) = a² – b²

(b) p² – q² = (p – q)² (f) 2ab – 2b²

(c) p² – q² = p² + 2pq – q² Let us solve the equation with x in the blank space. As per
identity 2, (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b².
(d) (p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q²
Hence, a² – 2ab + b² + x = a² – b²
Answer 7. Option (d)
x = a² – b² – a² + 2ab – b²
Explanation: The equation (p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q² follows
the first standard algebraic identity x = 2ab – 2b²

( a + b )² = a² + 2ab + b². The rest of the other options do (g) a² + b²

not follow any of the standard identities. Hence option (d)
is correct. Using Identity 1 ( a + b )² = a² + 2ab + b²,

Question 8. Fill in the blanks. (a + b)² – 2ab = a² + 2ab + b² – 2ab = a² + b²

(a) (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ________. (h) Polynomial

(b) The product of two terms with like signs is a ________ (i) -37
term. (j) 2
(c) The product of two terms with unlike signs is a Question 9. Solve the below using correct identities.
________ term.
(a) (48)²
(d) (a – b) _________ = a² – 2ab + b²
(b) 181² – 19²
(e) a² – b² = (a + b ) __________.
(c) 497 × 505
(f) (a – b)² + ____________ = a² – b²
(d) 2.07 × 1.93
(g) (a + b)² – 2ab = ___________ + ____________
Answer 9.
(h) The product of two polynomials is a ________
(a) (48)²
(i) The coefficient in – 37abc is __________.
= (50 – 2)²
(j) Number of terms in the expression a2 + bc × d is
________ As (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² , hence

Answer 8. (50 – 2)² = (50)² – 2 × 50 × 2 + (2)²

(a) ab = 2500 – 200 + 4

As per the standard identity 4, (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x = 2300 + 4

+ ab
= 2304
(b) Positive
(b) As a² – b² = (a – b) (a + b)
(c) Negative
181² – 19² = (181 – 19) (181 + 19)
(d) ^2 or ( a – b)²
 = 162 × 200 Answer 11.

= 32400 (x+3)(x+7)

(c) By using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab = x² + ( 3 + 7 ) x + ( 3 x 7 )

497 x 505 = ( 500 – 3 ) (500 + 5 ) = x² + 10x + 21

= 500² + (–3 + 5) × 500 + (–3) (5) ( 4x + 5 ) ( 4x + 1 )

= 250000 + 1000 – 15 = 16x² + ( 5 + 1 ) 4x + ( 5 x 1 )

= 250985 = 16x² + 24x + 5

(d) As (a + b) (a – b) = a² – b² (c) (4x – 5) (4x – 1)

2.07 × 1.93 = (2 + 0.07) (2 – 0.07) = 16x² + ( – 5 – 1 ) 4x + ( -5 x -1 )

= 2² – 0.07² = 16x² – 24x + 5

= 3.9951 (d) (4x + 5) (4x – 1)

Question 10. The length of a rectangular box is ( x + 9y) = 16x² + ( 5 + ( – 1 ) )4x + ( 5 x ( – 1 ) )

and the area is x² + 12xy + 27y². Find the breadth.
= 16x² + 16x – 5
Answer 10. Area of a rectangle = length x breadth, hence
breadth = area / length. (e) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)

breadth = x² + 12xy + 27y² = 4x² + ( 5y + 3y )2x + ( 5y x 3y )

( x + 9y ) = 4x² + 16xy + 15y²

= x² + 9xy + 3xy + 27y² (f) (2a²+ 9) (2a²+ 5)

( x + 9y ) = 4a4 + ( 9 + 5 )2a² + ( 9 x 5 )

= x ( x + 9y ) + 3y (x + 9y) = 4a4 + 28a² + 45

( x + 9y ) (g) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

breadth = x + 3y = x²y²z² + ( -4 – 2)xyz + ( – 4 x – 2)

Question 11. With the help of identity (x + a) (x + b) = x² + = x²y²z² – 6xyz + 8

(a + b) x + ab, find the following products. Question 12. The exponents of the variables in a
(a) (x + 3) (x + 7) polynomial are always

(b) (4x + 5) (4x + 1) (a) Integers

(c) (4x – 5) (4x – 1) (b) Positive integers

(d) (4x + 5) (4x – 1) (c) Non-negative integers

(e) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y) (d) Non-positive integers

(f) (2a²+ 9) (2a²+ 5) Answer 12. (c) Non-negative integers

(g) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

Explanation: A polynomial will have a non-zero coefficient 99² = ( 100 – 1 )² Identity applied ( a –
and variables having non-negative integers as exponents. b )² = a² – 2ab + b²
For example : a + b + r + q, 3ab, 5xyz – 10, 2a + 3b + 7z, etc.
= 100² – 2 ( 100 x 1 ) + 1²
Question 13. The product of a binomial and monomial is a
= 10000 – 200 + 1
(a) Monomial
= 9801
(b) Binomial
(c) 102² = ( 100 + 2 )² Identity
(c) Trinomial applied ( a + b )² = a² + 2ab + b²

(d) None of these = 100² + 2 ( 100 x 2 ) + 2²

Answer 13. (b) Binomial = 10000 + 400 + 4

Explanation: This can be demonstrated through an = 10404

example below,
(d) 998² = ( 1000 – 2 )² Identity
x ( y + z ) = xy + xz applied ( a – b )² = a² – 2ab + b²

This expression contains two terms, x is a monomial and = 1000² – 2 ( 1000 x 2 ) + 2²

( y + z ) is a binomial.
= 1000000 – 4000 + 4
The product of multiplying these terms results in a
binomial product xy + xz. = 996004

Question 14. Using identities, find products for the below. (e) 5.2² = ( 5 + 0.2 )² Identity
applied ( a + b )² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a) 71²
= 5² + 2 ( 5 x 0.2 ) + 0.2²
(b) 99²
= 25 + 2 + 0.04
(c) 102²
= 27.04
(d) 998²
(f) 297 × 303 = ( 300 – 3 ) ( 300 + 3 ) Identity
(e) 5.2² applied ( a + b ) ( a – b ) = a² – b²

(f) 297 × 303 = 300² – 3²

(g) 78 × 82 = 90000 – 9

(h) 8.9² = 89991

(i) 10.5 × 9.5 (g) 78 × 82 = ( 80 – 2 ) ( 80 + 2 ) Identity

applied ( a + b ) ( a – b ) = a² – b²
Answer 14.
= 80² – 2²
71² = ( 70 + 1 )² Identity applied ( a + b
)² = a² + 2ab + b² = 6400 – 4

= 70² + 2 ( 70 x 1 ) + 1² = 6396

= 4900 + 140 + 1 (h) 8.9² = ( 9.0 – 0.1 )² Identity

applied ( a – b )² = a² – 2ab + b²
= 5041
= 9.0² – 2 ( 9.0 x 0.1 ) + 0.1²
 = 81 – 1.8 + 0.01 breadth and height, i.e Volume = length x breadth x height.

= 79.21 Volumes are calculated as below,

(i) 10.5 x 9.5 = ( 10 + 0.5 ) ( 10 – 0.5 ) Identity (a) length = 5a, breadth = 3a², height = 7a4
applied ( a + b ) ( a – b ) = a² – b²
Volume = 5a x 3a² x 7a4
= 10² – 0.5²
= 105a7
= 100 – 0.25
(b) length = 2p, breadth = 4q, height = 8r
= 99.75
Volume = 2p x 4q x 8r
Question 15. The Coefficient of y in the term −y is
= 64pqr
3
(c) length = xy, breadth = 2x²y, height = 2xy²
(a) – 1
Volume = xy x 2x²y x 2xy²
(b) – 3
= 4x4y4
(c) – 1
(d) length = a, breadth = 2b, height = 3c
3
Volume = a x 2b x 3c
(d) 1
= 6abc
3
Question 17. State whether the following are True (T) or
Answer 15. (c) – 1 False (F):

3 (a) (a + b)² = a² + b²

Explanation: Coefficient is defined as the numerical factor (b) (a – b)² = a² – b²

of a term.
(c) (a + b) (a – b) = a² – b²
Hence, the numerical factor/ coefficient of the
term −y is −1 (d) The product of two negative terms is a negative term.

3 (e) The product of one negative and one positive term is a

3 negative term.

Question 16.Obtain the volume of rectangular boxes with (f) The coefficient of the term – 6x²y² is – 6.
the following length, breadth and height (g) p²q + q²r + r²q is a binomial
respectively. (h) An equation is true for all values of its variables.
(a) 5a, 3a², 7a4 Answer 17.
(b) 2p, 4q, 8r (a) False. ( a + b )² = a² + 2ab + b²
(c) xy, 2x²y, 2xy² (b) False. ( a – b )² = a² – 2ab + b²
(d) a, 2b, 3c (c) True.
Answer 16. The volume of a rectangular box is the product (d) False. The product of two negative terms is positive.
of its length,
(e) True
(f) True RHS = 48pq²

(g) False. The equation p²q + q²r + r²q consists of three Hence LHS = RHS
terms; hence it is a trinomial.
(d) LHS = (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a)
(h) False. An equation is not true for all values of its
variables. For example : 4x + 2 = 10 is true, only for x = 2. = a² + ab – ba – b² + b² + bc – cb – c² + c² + ca – ac – a²

Question 18. Show that LHS = RHS for the below equations. =0

(a) ( 3x + 7 )² – 84x = ( 3x – 7 )² RHS = 0

(b) ( 9p – 5q )² + 180pq = ( 9p + 5q )² Hence LHS = RHS

(c) ( 4pq + 3q )² – ( 4pq – 3q )² = 48pq² Question 19. Expand the following, using suitable
identities.
(d) (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a) = 0
(a) ( xy + yz )²
Answer 18.
(b) ( x²y – xy² )²
(a) LHS = ( 3x + 7 )² – 84x
(c) ( 7x + 5 )²
= (3x)² + 2 ( 3x x 7 ) + 7² – 84x
(d) ( 0.9p – 0.5q )²
= 9x² + 42x + 49 – 84x
(e) ( x² + y² ) ( x² – y² )
= 9x² – 42x + 49
Answer 19.
RHS = ( 3x – 7 )²
(a) (xy + yz)²
= (3x)² – 2 ( 3x x 7 ) + 7²
= (xy)² + 2 (xy x yz ) + (yz)²
= 9x² – 42x + 49
= x²y² + 2xy²z + y²z²
Hence LHS = RHS
(b) (x²y – xy²)²
(b) LHS = ( 9p – 5q )² + 180pq
= (x²y)² – 2 (x²y x xy²) + (xy²)²
= (9p)² – 2 ( 9p x 5q ) + (5q)² + 180pq
= x4y² – 2x³y³ + x²y4
= 81p² + 90pq + 25q²
(c) (7x + 5)²
RHS = ( 9p + 5q )²
= (7x)² + 2 (7x x 5) + (5)²
= (9p)² + 2 ( 9p x 5q ) + (5q)²
= 49x² + 70x + 25
= 81p² + 90pq + 25q²
(d) (0.9p – 0.5q)²
Hence LHS = RHS
= (0.9p)² – 2 ( 0.9p x 0.5q) + (0.5q)²
(c) LHS = ( 4pq + 3q )² – ( 4pq – 3q )²
= 0.81p² – 0.9pq + 0.25q²
= (4pq)² + 2 ( 4pq x 3q ) + (3q)² – ( (4pq)² – 2 ( 4pq x
3q ) + (3q)²) (e) ( x² + y² ) ( x² – y² )

= 16p²q² + 24pq² + 9q² – 16p²q² + 24pq² – 9q² = x4 – x²y² + y²x² – y4

= 48pq² = x4 – y4
Question 20. Select the correct option of volume of a
rectangular box with length = 2ab, breadth = 3ac and
height = 2ac

(a) 12a³bc²

(b) 12a³bc

(c) 12a²bc

(d) 2ab +3ac + 2ac

Answer 20. Option (a)

Explanation: The formula for calculating the volume of a

rectangular box is

Volume = length x breadth x height

With the length of the input = 2ab, breadth = 3ac and

height = 2ac

Volume = 2ab x 3ac x 2ac

= 12a³bc²