Research Report on

Robotics
By Shresta Philberta Durgam

Robotics is an interdisciplinary
branch of computer science and
engineering. Robotics involves the
design, construction, operation, and
use of robots. The goal of robotics is
to design machines that can help
and assist humans.
Robotics develops machines that can
substitute for humans and replicate human actions. Robots can be
used in many situations for many purposes, today they are used in:
 testing dangerous elements such as inspection of radioactive
materials, bomb detection and deactivation
 manufacturing processes
 or where humans cannot survive (e.g., in space, underwater, in
high heat, and clean up and containment of hazardous materials
and radiation).
 helping humans in many various areas such as medical
purposes, entertainment purposes and many more
There are 5 distinct types of Robots:
1. Pre-programmed Robots
Pre-programmed robots operate in a
controlled environment where they do
simple, monotonous tasks. An example
of a pre-programmed robot would be a
mechanical arm on an automotive
assembly line. The arm serves only one
function, and its job is to perform that
task longer, faster, and more efficiently
than a human.

2. Humanoid Robots
Humanoid robots are robots that look like
or mimic human behavior. These robots
usually perform human-like activities
(like running, jumping, and carrying
objects), and are sometimes designed to
look like us, even having human faces
and expressions. Two of the most
prominent examples of humanoid robots
are Hanson Robotics’ Sophia and Boston
Dynamics’ Atlas.

3. Autonomous Robots
Autonomous robots operate
independently of human operators.
These robots are usually designed to
 carry out tasks in open environments that do not require human
supervision. They are unique because they use sensors to
perceive the world around them, and then utilize decision-
making structures (usually a computer) to take the optimal next
step based on their data and mission. One example of an
autonomous robot is the Roomba vacuum cleaner, which uses
sensors to roam freely throughout a home.

4. Tele operated Robots

Teleoperated robots are semi-

autonomous bots that use a wireless
network to enable human control
from a safe distance. These robots
usually work in extreme geographical
conditions or in extreme weather
conditions. Examples of teleoperated
robots are the human-controlled
submarines used to fix underwater
pipe leaks during the oil spill.

5. Augmenting Robots

Augmenting robots, also known as

VR robots, either enhance current
human capabilities or replace the
capabilities a human may have
lost. The field of robotics for
human augmentation is where bots
can redefine the definition of humanity by making humans faster and
stronger. Some examples of current augmenting robots are robotic
prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons used to lift hefty weights.

Independent Robots

Robots have distinct roles and work uniquely as per the tasks given by
us humans. Robots are categorized into two categories: Independent
and Dependent

Independent robots can function autonomously without human

operator control. Some splendid examples are autonomous robots and
Humanoid Robots. Autonomous robots are a type of independent
robot with intelligent machines and require more intense
programming. They take the place of humans when undertaking
dangerous, mundane, or impossible tasks, like bomb diffusion and
deep-sea travel to factory automation. Independent robots have proven
to be the most disruptive to society, as they eliminate certain jobs but
also present new possibilities for growth.

Applications of Autonomous Robots

1. Transport and Logistics
2. E-Commerce
3. Warehousing
4. Mobile Manipulators for Manufacturing
5. Data Centers
6. Healthcare
 7. Biotech
8. Research Development

Dependent Robots

Dependent robots are non-autonomous robots that interact with

humans to enhance and supplement their already existing actions.
The increasingly complex capabilities of robots will eventually
eliminate some human tasks, but not all. Current robotics technology
can automate only 25% of tasks in unpredictable, human-dependent
areas like construction and nursing.
Some examples of dependent robots are augmenting robots and tele
operated robots as we control them.

Role of Robots in Industry

Industrial robots are used for

manufacturing or other industrial
processes, including assembly, packing, labelling, painting, inspection,
testing, welding, and more. The use of robots for these tasks provides high
endurance, precision, and speed for the tasks.

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Industrial Robots

Role of Robots in Agriculture

The agricultural industry is continually

looking for ways to increase output,
improve efficiency and reduce waste. This
has led to robots and automation becoming an integral part of farming
and food production processes.

Robots have a wide range of applications within the agricultural

industry from performing complex tasks such as monitoring crops and
measuring PH levels in the soil, to simpler tasks of picking-and-
packing fruits and vegetables and planting seeds. Currently robots
perform various tasks including:

 Seeding
 Harvesting
 Packing fruit and vegetables
 Palletizing
 Crop maintenance
 Livestock applications

Advantages of Agricultural Robots

 Productivity
 Guaranteed workers
 Waste reduction
 Precision
 Cost effective

Disadvantages of Agricultural Robots

1. Loss of jobs
2. Decreased accuracy
3. Increased reliance on technology
4. Decreased individualized touch
5. Increased risk of pests and diseases
 6. Decreased adaptability
7. Increased environmental impact
8. Loss of traditional skills
9. Decreased social interaction
10. Decreased profitability

Role of Robots in Medicine

Collaborative robotics applied to the
healthcare sector is an excellent tool that
improves the quality of life and provides
autonomy to dependent people. Robotnik
is a notable example.

Some of the tasks in the health sector for

which Robotnik robots are used would be:
 Food transport and supply support.
 Cleaning or disinfection tasks.
 Storage and distribution of medicines.
 Surgical assistance.
 Administrative and logistical tasks that are routine and burden
the healthcare workers.
 Tele-assistance.

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Robots in Medicinal Field
Role of Robots in
Entertainment
Robotics is widely applied in the entertainment industry.

Despite them having been around for a while now, robots continue to
fascinate people. The fascination has led to the increasingly numerous
applications of robotics in entertainment - be it in films, amusement
parks, or even in people’s homes.

From captivating the attention of an audience to performing precision

and high-risk tasks, robotics is finding increasingly complex
applications in the entertainment sector.
Disadvantages of Robots in
Entertainment Industry

1. High Costs
2. No Creativity
3. Unemployment

Role of Robots in Transport

The implementation of robots
in transportation has enabled
advanced automation for
different industries such as
automotive, food, electronics or
manufacturing industries,
achieving greater efficiency and
optimization in transportation
and product delivery processes.
Robots in transportation such as RB-THERON are used in logistics
for various tasks, such as transporting goods within storage facilities,
loading and unloading trucks, carrying parts and components to
different areas of a production line or products from a distribution
center, and even for package delivery in urban environments.
Depending on the level of development of the robot, it will be able to
carry out more complex transport tasks or tasks that require greater
precision, such as handling objects or sorting products.

Advantages of Robots in Transport

1. Reduces traffic accidents and increases safety
2. Environmentally friendly

Disadvantages of Robots in Transport

1. Self-driving vehicles may get hacked
2. Excessive costs
3. Not and independent system, require human control and
assistance

Robotics is a great tool invented by us humans. They are a huge help

to the world. Our research has made the world a better place.
However, this powerful yet is easily misused. This invention should be
used wisely and with proper research and understanding.

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