30

Definite
Integration
Definition IN THIS CHAPTER ....
Every definite integral has a unique value. Definition
Let f ( x ) be the anti-derivative of a function f ( x ) defined on [a, b] Geometrical Interpretation of a
d Definite Integral
i.e. [f ( x )] = f ( x ).
dx Fundamental Theorem of
b
Definite integral of f ( x ) over [a, b] is denoted by ò f ( x ) dx and is defined Calculus
a
as [f ( b) - f ( a )]. Properties of Definite Integrals
b
i.e. ò f ( x )dx = f ( b) - f ( a ).
a
Definite Integral as a Limit of Sum
Reduction Formulae in Definite
This is also called Newton-Leibnitz formula. Integrals
The numbers a and b are called the limits of integration ‘a’ is called
lower limit and ‘b’ is upper limit. The interval [a , b] is called the interval of
integration. The interval [a , b] is also known as range of integration.

Geometrical Interpretation of a Definite Integral

Geometrically it represents an algebraic sum of the areas of regions bounded
by graph of the function y = f ( x ), the X-axis and the straight lines x = a and
x = b. The areas above X-axis are taken as positive and the areas below X-axis
are taken as negative.
b
\ ò a f ( x ) dx = A1 - A2 + A3 - A 4 + A5 ,
Y
A5 y = f(x)
A1 A3
X
O x=a x=b
A2 A4

where A1 , A2 , A3 , A 4 and A5 are the areas of the shaded region.

Definite Integration 819

● In a definite integral, there is no need to keep the Example 2. If for all real triplets ( a, b, c ), f ( x) = a + bx + cx 2;
constant of integration. 1
then ò f ( x)dx is equal to
● The indefinite integral ò f ( x ) dx is a function of x , 0 (JEE Main 2020)
b ì æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü
whereas definite integral ò f ( x ) dx is a number. (a) 2í3f (1) + 2f ç ÷ý (b) í f (0) + f çè ÷øý
a
î è 2 øþ 3î 2 þ
b
Given ò f ( x ) dx we can find ò f ( x ) dx, but given 1ì æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü
●
(c) í f (1) + 3f ç ÷ý (d) í f (0) + f (1) + 4f çè ÷øý
a
2î è 2 øþ 6î 2 þ
b
òa f ( x ) dx we cannot find ò f ( x )dx.
Sol. (d) It is given that f ( x) = a + bx + cx2, then
1 1
ò0 f ( x) dx = ò0 ( a + bx + cx ) dx
2
4
Example 1. ò (2 x - 3) dx is equal to
-1 1
é b c ù b c
3 1 1 = ê ax + x2 + x3 ú = a + +
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 ë 2 3 û0 2 3
2 3 2
6a + 3b + 2c
4 =
Sol. (d) Let I = ò (2x - 3) dx and f ( x) = 2x - 3 6
-1
Q f (0) = a, f (1) = a + b + c
Then, ò f ( x) dx = ò (2x - 3) dx æ 1ö
and 4f ç ÷ = 4a + 2b + c
è2ø
2x2
= - 3x 6a + 3b + 2c 1 ì
2 1 æ 1 öü
2
\ ò0 f ( x) dx = 6
= í f (0) + f (1) + 4f ç ÷ý
6î è 2 øþ
= x - 3x = F( x) (say)
Now, by the fundamental theorem of integral calculus, p/ 2 cot x
we get
Example 3. If ò dx = m( p + n), then m × n is
0 cot x + cosec x
I = [F( x)]-41 = F( 4) - F ( -1) equal to (JEE Main 2019)
= [( 4) 2 - 3 ( 4)] - [( -1) 2 - 3 ( -1)] 1 1
(a) - (b) 1 (c) (d) -1
= (16 - 12) - (1 + 3) 2 2
p/2 cot x
= 4 - 4 =0 Sol. (d) Let I = ò dx
0 cot x + cosec x
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus cos x
p/2 p / 2 cos x
There is a connection between indefinite integral and =ò sin x dx = ò dx
0 cos x 1 0 1 + cos x
definite integral, known as fundamental theorem of +
sin x sin x
calculus. p / 2 cos x (1 - cos x)
=ò dx
First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 0 1 - cos2 x
Let f be a continuous real valued function defined on a p / 2 cos x - cos2 x
=ò dx
closed interval [a , b]. 0 sin 2 x
p/2
Let F be the function defined, for all x in [a , b] by =ò (cosec x cot x - cot 2 x) dx
0
b
F( x) = òa f ( t ) dt =ò
p/2
0
( cosec x cot x - cosec2 x + 1) dx
Then, F is continuous on [a , b], differentiable on the open = [ - cosec x + cot x + x] p0 / 2
interval ( a , b) and F ¢ ( x ) = f ( x ) for all x in ( a , b). p/ 2
é æ 2 xö ù
p/ 2 ê ç - 2 sin ÷ ú
Second Fundamental Theorem é cos x - 1ù è 2ø
= êx + ú = êx + ú
ë sin x û 0 ê x x
of Calculus/Newton-Leibnitz Axiom 2 sin cos ú
êë 2 2 ûú 0
Let f and g be real valued functions defined on a closed
p/2
interval [a , b]. Such that the derivative of g is f. i. e. , f and é xù p 1
= ê x - tan ú = - 1 = [ p - 2]
g are functions such that for all x in [a , b]. ë 2 û0 2 2
f ( x ) = g¢ ( x ) = m [ p + n] [given]
1
If f is Riemann integrable on [a , b], then On comparing, we get m = and n = - 2
b 2
ò a f ( x ) dx = g( b) - g( a ) \ m×n = - 1
820 JEE Main Mathematics

Evaluation of Definite Integrals Properties of Definite Integral

by Substitution Property 1
When the variable in a definite integral is changed, the b b b
substitution in terms of new variable should be effected ò a f ( x ) dx = ò a f ( t) dt = ò a f ( u ) du
at three places.
Here, x is a dummy variable, it can be replaced by any
(i) in the integrand
other variable t, u, ...
(ii) in the differential, say, dx
i.e. The value of a definite integral does not change with
(iii) in the limits
change of variable of integration provided the limits of
The limits of new variable, say, t are simply the values integration remains the same.
of t corresponding to the values of the original variable,
say x, and so they can be easily obtained by putting 3 2 x2
the values of x in the substitutional relation between Example 6. ò dx is equal to
2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1
x and t.
1 æ7ö æ5ö
(a) tan -1ç ÷ + tan -1ç ÷
1/ 2 x2 k 5 è 54 ø è 56 ø
Example 4. If the value of the integral ò dx is ,
0 (1 - x 2)3/ 2 6 2 æ 5ö æ5ö
(b) tan -1ç ÷ + tan -1ç ÷
then k is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 5 è 54 ø è 26 ø
(a) 3 2 + p (b) 2 3 - p æ7 5 ö
1 æ5ö
(c) 2 3 + p (d) 3 2 - p (c) tan -1ç ÷ + tan -1ç ÷
5 è 54 ø è 56 ø
1/ 2 x2 (d) None of the above
Sol. (b) The integral, I = ò dx
0 (1 - x2)3 / 2 3æ 2x2 ö
Let x = sin q. Sol. (c) Let I = ò ç 4 ÷ dx
2 è x + 3 x2 + 1ø
æ 1ö p
So, q(0) = 0 and qç ÷ = and dx = cos qdq 3 ( x2 + 1) 3 ( x2 - 1) dx
è2ø 6 =ò dx + ò 4
2 x4 2
+ 3x + 1 2 x + 3 x2 + 1
p/ 6 sin 2 q
\ I=ò cos q dq
0 (cos2 q)3 / 2 [1 + (1 / x2)] dx
3 3 [1 - (1 / x2)] dx
=ò 2
+ò
p/ 6 2 [ x - (1 / x)] + 5 2 [ x + (1 / x)]2 + 1
=ò tan 2 q dq
0
1 1
p/ 6 In 1st put x - = t , in 2nd put x + = y
=ò (sec2 q - 1)dq x x
0
8 /3 dt 10 /3 dy
= [tan q - q]p0 / 6 I=ò + ò
3/ 2 t 2 + 5 5/ 2 y 2 + 1
1 p k
= - = [given]
3 6 6 é -1 æ 8 ö
1 -1 æ 3 ö ù -1 æ 10 ö -1æ 5 ö
= ê tan çè 3 5 ÷ø - tan çè 2 5 ÷ø ú + tan çè 3 ÷ø - tan çè 2 ÷ø
\ k=2 3 - p ë
5 û
1 æ 7 5 ö æ5ö
2
Example 5. The integral ò e x × x x(2 + log e x)dx equals = tan -1ç ÷ + tan -1ç ÷
1 5 è 54 ø è 56 ø
(JEE Main 2020)
(a) e( 4e + 1) (b) 4e2 - 1 Property 2
(c) e( 4e - 1) (d) e(2e - 1) Interchanging the limits of the definite integral does not
2
change the absolute value but change the sign of the
Sol. (c) The integral, I = ò exxx(2 + log e x ) dx integral.
1
b a
Let ex × xx = t ò a f ( x ) dx = - ò b f ( x ) dx
Þ [ exxx + exxx(1 + log e x )] dx = dt
Þ exxx(2 + log e x) dx = dt p /2 sin x
Example 7. ò dx is equal to
and at x = 1, t =e
0 1 + cos2 x
at x = 2, t = 4 e2 p p
(a) (b)
4e 2
2 2 4
\ I = ò dt = [t ]4e e
e 3p
(c) (d) p
= 4e2 - e = e ( 4e - 1) 2
Definite Integration 821

p/ 2 sin x é ( -2) 2 ù
Sol. (b) Let I = ò dx ( -5) 2
= -ê + 2( -2) - - 2( -5) ú
0 1 + cos2 x
ë 2 2 û
dt
Put cos x = t Þ - sin xdx = dt Þ dx = - é (5) 2
( -2) 2 ù
sin x +ê + 2(5) - - 2( -2) ú
ë 2 2 û
For limit when x = 0 Þ t = cos 0 = 1 [Qt = cos x]
p p é 25 ù é 25 ù
and when x = Þ t = cos = 0 = - ê2 - 4 - + 10 ú + ê + 10 - 2 + 4ú
2 2 ë 2 û ë2 û
0 sin x æ dt ö 25 25
\ I=ò .ç ÷ = -2 + 4 + - 10 + + 10 - 2 + 4 = 29
1 1 + t 2 è - sin x ø 2 2
0 1 1 1
= -ò dt = ò dt Example 10. Let f ( x) = | x - 2| and g ( x) = f ( f ( x)), x Î [0, 4].
1 1+ t2 01+ t2
3
0 Then ò ( g ( x) - f ( x)) dx is equal to
é1 æt öù é 1 1 xù 0 (JEE Main 2020)
= ê tan -1ç ÷ ú êQ ò 2 dx = tan -1 ú
ë1 è 1ø û 1 ë a +x 2
a aû 3 1
(a) (b)
æ pö p 2 2
= - ç0 - ÷ = (c) 0 (d) 1
è 4ø 4
é x - 2, x ³ 2
Property 3 Sol. (d) Given function f ( x) = | x - 2 | = ê , x Î[0 , 4]
b c b
ë2 - x, x < 2
ò a f ( x ) dx = òa f ( x ) dx + òc f ( x ) dx , ( a < c < b) é f ( x) - 2, f ( x) ³ 2
and g ( x) = f ( f ( x)) = | f ( x) - 2| = ê
ë 2 - f ( x), f ( x) < 2
1 ì1 - 2 x, x £ 0 é2 - (2 - x), 0 £ x < 2
Example 8. ò f ( x) dx, where f ( x) = í is equal to =ê
-1
î1 + 2 x, x ³ 0 ë2 - ( x - 2), 2 £ x £ 4
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 é x, 0 £ x<2
=ê
1 0 1 ë 4 - x, 2£x£4
Sol. (d) ò f ( x ) dx = ò-1 f ( x ) dx + ò0 f ( x ) dx 3 2 3
-1
0 1
\ ò0 ( g ( x) - f ( x))dx = ò0 [x - (2 - x)] dx + ò2 [( 4 - x) - ( x - 2)] dx
= ò (1 - 2x ) dx + ò (1 + 2x ) dx
-1 0 = [ x2 - 2x] 20 + [6x - x2] 32
= [ x - x2]0-1 + [ x + x2]10 =4 = 18 - 9 - 12 + 4 = 1

Property 4 Property 5
b c1 c2
ò a f ( x ) dx = òa f ( x ) dx + ò f ( x ) dx b b
c1
c3 b
òa f ( x ) dx = òa f ( a + b - x ) dx
+ ò f ( x ) dx + ... + ò f ( x ) dx a a
c2 cn In particular, ò0 f ( x ) dx = ò0 f ( a - x ) dx
where, a < c1 < c2 < c3 <K cn < b b f(x)
5
I= òa f ( x ) + f ( a + b - x ) dx
Example 9. ò | x + 2| dx is equal to
-5
b f(a + b - x)
(a) 13 (b) 19 (c) 21 (d) 29 = òa f ( x ) + f ( a + b - x ) dx
Sol. (d) Here, the given integrand is in the form of absolute b f(x) + f(a + b - x)
function and we define the absolute function as x = x, x ³ 0 Þ 2I = òa f ( x ) + f ( a + b - x ) dx
or x = - x, x < 0 by using it, we convert the given integrand
in simple form and then integrate it. b
5
Þ 2I = òa dx = ( b - a )
Let I=ò | x + 2|dx
-5 b f(x) b- a
It can be seen that ( x + 2) £ 0 on [ - 5, - 2] and ( x + 2) ³ 0 on \ I= òa f ( x ) + f ( a + b - x ) dx = 2
...(i)
[ - 2, 5].
-2 5 Eq. (i) is a special case of 4th property and is used as
\ I=ò - ( x + 2) dx + ò-2( x + 2) dx
-5
standard result.
éQ b f ( x) dx = c f ( x) dx + b ù
ëê ò a òa òc f ( x) dxûú b- c b
(a) ò0 f ( x + c) dx = ò f ( x ) dx
c
-2 5
é x2 ù é x2 ù a a/ 2 a/ 2
Þ I = - ê + 2xú + ê + 2xú
ë2 û -5 ë 2 û -2
(b) ò0 f ( x ) dx = ò0 f ( x ) dx + ò
0
f ( a - x ) dx
822 JEE Main Mathematics

p /2 sin x Example 13. If f ( a + b + 1 - x) = f ( x), for all x, where a and b

Example 11. ò dx is equal to
0 sin x + cosx are fixed positive real numbers, then
p 1 b

a + b òa
(a) 0 (b) x( f ( x) + f ( x + 1))dx is equal to
4 (JEE Main 2020)
p b+1 b+1
(c)
2
(d) None of these (a) òa + 1 f ( x + 1)dx (b) òa + 1 f ( x)dx
b -1 b -1
Sol. (b) Firstly, reduce the integrand into simplest form by using
a a
(c) òa - 1 f ( x + 1)dx (d) òa - 1 f ( x)dx
the property ò f ( x) dx = ò f ( a - x) dx, add them and
0 0
Sol. (c) Let the integral
integrate. 1 b

p/ 2 sin x
I=
a+ b òa
x( f ( x) + f ( x + 1))dx …(i)
Let I=ò dx …(i)
0 sin x + cos x On applying property
b b
æp ö òa f ( x)dx = òaf ( a + b - x)dx , we get
sin ç - x÷
p/ 2 è2 ø
Then, I=ò dx 1 b

a + b òa
I= (a + b - x)( f ( a + b - x)
0
æp ö æp ö
sin ç - x÷ + cos ç - x÷ + f ( a + b - x + 1))dx
è2 ø è2 ø
1 b

a + b òa
éQ a f ( x) dx = a f ( a - x) dxù = (a + b - x)( f ( x + 1) + f ( x))dx …(ii)
êë ò 0 ò0 úû
p/ 2
éQ f ( a + b + 1 - x) = f ( x) ù
cos x ê\ f ( a + b - x) = f ( x + 1) ú
Þ I=ò dx …(ii) ë û
0 cos x + sin x
On adding integrals Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
é æp ö æp ö ù
êQ sin çè 2 - x÷ø = cos x and cos çè 2 - x÷ø = sin xú a+ b b
a + b òa
ë û 2I = (f ( x) + f ( x + 1))dx
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1 b
I = é ò f ( x)dx + ò f ( x + 1)dxù
b
p / 2 sin x + cos x Þ
2I = ò dx 2 ëê a a ûú
0 sin x + cos x 1é b
f ( x)dx + ò f (a + b - x) dxù
b

2 ëê òa
=
p/ 2 p
= ò 1 dx = [ x]0p / 2 = - 0
a ûú
0 2 1é b b ù
2 ëê òa
= f ( x)dx + ò f ( x)dx
Þ I=
p a ûú
4 b
Þ I = ò f ( x)dx
a
7 x Put x = t + 1, then upper limit t = b - 1and lower limit t = a - 1
Example 12. ò dx is equal to
2 x+ 9-x and dx = dt , so
b -1 b -1
1 3 I=ò f (t + 1)dt = ò f ( x + 1)dx
(a) (b) a -1 a -1
2 2
5
(c) (d) 0 Property 6
2
ì 2 a f ( x ) dx , if f ( - x ) = f ( x )
7 x dx ï ò0
Sol. (c) ò …(i) a ï i. e. f ( x ) is even
2 x+ 9-x ò- a f ( x ) dx = í
if f ( - x ) = - f ( x )
ï 0,
7 9-x
I=ò dx ï i. e. f ( x ) is odd
2 9 - x + 9 - (9 - x) î
7 9-x Example 14. The value of
I=ò dx …(ii)
2 9-x+ x p /2
ò -p / 2( x
3
+ x cos x + tan5 x + 1) dx is
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(a) 0 (b) 2
7æ x 9-x ö
2I = ò ç + ÷ dx (c) p (d) 1
2 è x+ 9-x x + 9 - xø p/ 2
7
Sol. (c) Let I = ò ( x 3 + x cos x + tan5 x + 1) dx
-p/ 2
=ò dx =| x|72 =5
2
p/ 2 p/ 2 p/ 2 p/ 2
5 Þ I=ò x 3dx + ò-p / 2 x cos x dx + ò -p/ 2 tan
5
xdx + ò -p/ 2 1dx
So, I= - p /2
2
Definite Integration 823

ì a p xdx
a ï2 ò f ( x) dx, if f ( x) is even Sol. (b) I = ò ... (i)
We know that, ò f ( x) dx = í 0 01+ cos2 x
-a
ïî 0, if f ( x) is odd
p ( p - x) dx p ( p - x) dx
I=ò
1 + cos2( p - x ) ò 0 1 + cos2 x
p/ 2 = ... (ii)
\ I = 0 + 0 + 0 + 2ò 1 dx 0
0

[Q x 3 , x cos x and tan5( x) are odd functions] On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
p p dx p p dx
2p 2I = ò ÞI = ò
\ I = 2 [ x] p0 / 2 = =p 2
0 1 + cos x 2 0 1 + cos2 x
2
pé p dx p/ 2 dx ù p / 2 sec2xdx
p
Example 15. ò | p - | x||dx is equal to
=êò0 2
+ò 2 ú =p ò
0 2 + tan 2 x
-p (JEE Main 2020)
2 ë 1 + cos x 0 1 + cos ( p - x)
û
p2 Put tan x = t ;
(a) 2p 2 (b) 2p 2 (c) p 2 (d) ¥
2 ¥ dt p é -1 æ t ö ù p2
I=p ò = ê tan çè 2 ÷ø ú = 2 2
p 0 t2 + 2 2 ë û0
Sol. (c) Given integral ò |p -| x|| dx
-p
p p
= 2 ò |p -| x|| dx = 2ò |p - x | dx Property 9
0 0

ïì 2 f ( x )dx ,
a
f ( x ) dx = í ò 0
2a if f ( 2a - x ) = f ( x )
p
[Q | x| is an even function]
ò0
= 2 ò ( p - x) dx
0
[Q x Î(0 , p)] îï 0, if f ( 2a - x ) = - f ( x )

é é 2ùp
x p2ù æ p2ö p dx
= 2 ê px - ú = 2 ê p 2 - ú =2 ç ÷ = p
2 Example 18. ò is equal to
ë 2 û0 ë 2û è 2ø 0 1+ 2 sin2 x
p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
Property 7 3 3 3 3
a a p dx p/ 2 dx
ò- a f ( x )dx = ò0 [ f ( x ) + f ( - x )] dx Sol. (c) ò
01+ 2 sin 2 x ò 0 1 + 2 sin 2 x
=2

3 dx é 2a f ( x) dx = 2 a f ( x) dx, if f (2a - x) = f ( x) ù
Example 16. ò
ëê ò0 ò0
is equal to
- 3 (1 + e x) (1 + x 2) ûú
p p p p/ 2 sec2 xdx p / 2 sec2x dx
(a) (b) (c) (d) p =2 ò =2 ò
3 6 4 0 2 2
sec x + 2 tan x 0 1 + 3 tan 2 x

3 dx Note that in the beginning we can not divide numerator and

Sol. (a) I = ò
- 3 (1 + ex ) (1 + x2) p
denominator by cos2 x, as cos x = 0 at x =
1 2
Here, f ( x ) = ¥ dt 1 2 p p
(1 + ex) (1 + x2) =2 ò (put tan x = t ) Þ 2 [tan t 3 ]0¥ =
-1
´ =
0 1 + 3t 2 3 3 2 3
1 ex
Þ f(- x) = -x
= x
(1 + e ){1 + ( - x) } (1 + e )( 1 + x2 )
2
Property 10
a a
[using property ò f ( x) dx = ò {f ( x ) + f ( - x )} dx] b 1
-a 0 ò a f ( x ) dx = ( b - a ) ò0 f [( b - a )x + a ] dx
3 dx 3 1 ex
ò- 3 (1 + ex ) (1 + x2)
= ò0 (1 + ex )(1 + x2)
+
(1 + ex) (1 + x2)
dx
Example 19. ò
-4 2
e( x - 4 ) dx is equal to
-5
3 dx p
= tan -1 x|03 =
2/3 9 ( x - 2/3 )2 1/3 9 ( x - 3 / 2)2
So, I = ò 2 (a) 3 ò e dx (b) ò e dx
0 1+ x 3 1/3 2 /3
2/3 9 ( x - 3 / 2)2
(c) ò e dx (d) None of these
Property 8 1/3
2
2a a ì æ 2 1ö 1 2ü
ò0 f ( x ) dx = ò0 [ f ( x ) + f ( 2a - x )] dx Sol. (d) Let I = 3 ò
2 /3 9 ( x - 2 /3 )2
e
é æ 2 1ö ù 1 9 íç - ÷x + - ý
dx = 3 ê ç - ÷ ú ò e î è 3 3 ø 3 3þ dx
1/3 ëè3 3øû 0
p x dx
Example 17. ò
2
is equal to æ x 1ö
0 1+ 2 1 9 çè - ÷ø 1 2
cos x =ò e 3 3
dx = ò e( x - 1) dx
0 0
p p2 p p2 - 4 ( x + 4 )2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) Also, ò e dx = ò e( x - 1) dx
2 2 2 2 2 2 -5 0
824 JEE Main Mathematics

np + w
Property 11 Example 22. ò |sin x|dx, where n ÎN and 0 £ w < p, is
0
ì 0, if f ( a + x ) = - f ( b - x )
b ï a+b equal to
òa f ( x ) dx = í
ïî 2 ò0 2 f ( x ) dx , if f ( a + x ) = f ( b - x ) (a) (2n + 1) + sin w (b) 2n + cos w
(c) (2n + 1) - cos w (d) None of these
Property 12 Sol. (c) I = ò
np + w
|sin x|dx
Periodic Properties of Definite Integral If f ( x ) is a 0
w np + w
periodic function with period T , then = ò |sin x|dx + ò |sin x|dx = I1 + I2
nT T 0 w
(a) ò0 f ( x ) dx = n ò f ( x ) dx , n Î I
0
w
I1 = ò |sin x|dx = ò sin xdx
w
0 0
nt T
(b) òmt f ( x )dx = ( n - m ) ò0 f ( x ) dx , m, n Î I [as 0 £ w < p and sin x ³ 0 , when n Î[0 , p ]]
a + nT T = - [cos x] w0 = - cos w + 1 = 1 - cos w
(c) òa f ( x ) dx = n ò f ( x ) dx, n Î I , a Î R
0 np + w p
a + nT a
I2 = ò |sin x|dx = n ò 0|(sin x)|dx
ònt f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x ) dx , n Î I , a Î R
w
(d)
0 p
b + nT b = n ò sin xdx = n [ - cos x]p0 = 2n
òa + nT f ( x ) dx = òa f ( x ) dx , n Î I , a , b Î R
0
(e)
So, I = 1 - cos w + 2n = (2n + 1) - cos w
(f) If f ( x ) is an odd periodic function defined on the p
10p +
é T Tù Example 23. ò 3 (sin x + cos x) dx, is equal to
interval ê - , ú, where T is period of f ( x ), then p
10p +
ë 2 2û 6
x
g( x ) = òa f ( t ) dt is periodic with period T , (a) 3 (b) 1 + 3
i.e. g( x + T ) = g( x ). (c) 3 - 1 (d) 1
(g) Let f ( x ) be an odd periodic function with period T ,
Sol. (c) f ( x ) = sin x + cos x is periodic with period 2p.
then
10 p + p /3
x Let I=ò (sin x + cos x ) dx
f(x ) = òa f ( t ) dt is an even function with period T . 10 p + p / 6
p /3
(h) Let f ( x ) be an even periodic function with period T , =ò (sin x + cos x ) dx
p/ 6
then
x =|sin x - cos x|pp //36
f(x ) = òa f ( t ) dt is an odd function with period T.
é 3 1ù é 1 3ù
=ê - ú -ê - ú = ( 3 - 1)
4p ë 2 2û ë2 2 û
Example 20. ò |sin x|dx is equal to
0

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 Property 13

Some special properties
Sol. (d) We know that,|sin x|is a periodic function of p. x
Hence, ò
4p
0
|sin x|dx = 4ò |sin x|dx
0
p (a) If f ( t ) is an odd function, then g( x ) = òa f ( t) dt is an
even function.
p
= 4 ò sin xdx = 4 [ - cos x]0p = 8 (b) f ( - t ) = f ( t ) i.e. f ( t ) is an even function, then
0 x
10 g( x ) = ò f ( t ) dt
Example 21. ò {2 x} dx, where {.} denotes the fractional 0
-3/ 2
p p p
part of x, is equal to (c) · ò0 x f (sin x ) dx = 2 ò0 f (sin x ) dx
1 13 23 23
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 4 2 p- a p p- a

1
· òa x f (sin x ) dx =
2 òa f (sin x ) dx
Sol. (d) f ( x ) = {2x} is a periodic function with period . a a
2
ò- a f ( x ) dx = 2ò f ( x )2dx , f ( - x ) = f ( x )
2
10 20 (1/ 2) (d) ·
Let I = ò {2x} dx = ò {2x} dx 0
-3 / 2 -3(1/ 2)
1/ 2 i.e. f ( x ) is an even function.
= 23 ò 2xdx a
ò- ax f ( x )
2
0 · dx = 0, f ( - x ) = - f ( x )
é é 1ö ù
ê as {2x} = 2x - [2x] and when Î ê0 , ÷ø , [2x] = 0 ú i.e. f ( x ) is an odd function.
ë ë 2 û
np p
2 1/ 2 23 x ) dx , n Î I +
ò0 f (cos2 x ) dx = n ò0 f (cos
2
= 23 [ x ]0 = (e)
4
Definite Integration 825

Property 14 (e) If f is continuous on [a, b] and| f ( x )|£ k.

b
Leibnitz theorem Let f ( x ) and y( x ) be two functions " x Î [a , b], then ò a f ( x ) dx £ k ( b - a ).
defined on [a , b ] and differentiable at a point x Î ]a , b [
and f ( x , t ) is continuous function. (f) If f1( x ), f ( x ) and f2( x ) are continuous function in
(a) For implicit function [a, b]. Such that, f1( x ) £ f ( x ) £ f2( x ), " x Î [a , b ] , then
b b b
d é y (x ) y (x ) ¶
ê òf ( x ) f ( x , t ) dt = òf ( x ) f ( x , t ) dt òa f1( x ) dx £ òa f ( x ) dx £ òa f2( x ) dx
dx ë ¶x b ì
( x ) dxüý ìí ò g2( x ) dxüý
b 2 b

ìd d ü ù
(g) òa f ( x ) g ( x ) dx £ íî òa f þî a þ
+ í { y ( x )} f { x , y( x )} - { f ( x )}ý f { x , f( x )} ú 2 2
î dx dx þ û where, f ( x ) and g ( x ) are integrable on [a, b].
where, f ( x , t ) is an implicit function. (h) If m and M are global minima and global maxima of
f ( x ) in [a, b] i.e., m £ f ( x ) £ M for a £ x £ b, then
(b) For explicit function b
m( b - a ) £ ò f ( x )dx £ M ( b - a )
If function f( x ) and y( x ) are defined on [a , b ] and a
differentiable at a point ]a , b [ and f ( t ) is continuous
on [f(a ), f (b )] , then Example 25. Which of the following is correct?
d é y (x ) ìd ü
1 dx p 1 dx p
f ( t ) dt ù = í y ( x )ý f { y( x )} (a) ò £ (b) ò <
dx ëê òf ( x ) ûú î dt
0 2 3 4 2 0 2 3 4 2
þ 4-x -x 4-x -x
é d ù
1 dx
-ê { f ( x )} ú { f f ( x )} (c) ò =0 (d) None of these
ë dx û
0
4 - x2 - x3
(c) Let a function f ( x , a ) be continuous for a £ x £ b and Sol. (a) 0 £ x £ 1 Þ 0 £ x 3 £ x2 £ 1
b
c £ a £ d, then for any a Î [c, d ], if I (a ) = ò f ( x , a ) dx , Þ - x2 £ - x3 £ 0 Þ 4 - x 2 - x2 £ 4 - x2 - x3 £ 4 - x 2
a
then 1 1 1
Þ £ £
dI (a ) b ¶f ( x , a ) 4-x 2 2
4-x -x 3
4 - 2x2
=ò × dx
da a ¶a 1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
d æ x 1 3
ö
Þ ò0 4-x 2
£ò
0
4-x -x 2 3
£ò
0
4 - 2x2
dx è òx log t ø
Example 24. ç 2 dt ÷ is equal to
p 1 dx p
Þ £ò £
1 2
x 6 0
4 - x2 - x 3 4 2
(a) (b)
log x log x
3
x2 - x Example 26. Maximum value of ò 3 + x3dx is
(c) (d) None of these 1
log x (a) 30 (b) 2 30
d æ x 1 3
ö 1 d 1 d (c) 2 (d) None of the above
dx è òx2 log t
Sol. (c) ç . dt ÷ = × ( x )3 - . ( x2)
ø log x 3 dx log x2 dx Sol. (b) Since, the function f ( x ) = 3 + x 3 increases monotonically
2
3x 2x in the interval [1, 3].
= -
3 log x 2 log x \ M = Maximum value of 3 + x 3 = 3 + 33 = 30
d æ x 13
ö 1
m = Minimum value of 3 + x3 = 3 + 13 = 2
dx è òx2 log t ø log x
Þ ç dt ÷ = .( x2 - x )
Now, b-a=2
3
Property 15 Hence, 2 × 2 £ ò 3 + x 3dx £ 2 30
1
3
Approximation in definite integration Þ 4£ò 3 + x 3dx £ 2 30
1
b b
(a) If f ( x ) ³ g( x ), then ò f ( x ) dx ³ ò g ( x ) dx
a a
(where, b > ( a ) Property 16
b b
(b) If f ( x ) £ g ( x ), then ò f ( x ) dx £ ò g ( x ) dx Definite integral of piecewise continuous functions
a a
(where, b < a) b
b Suppose we have to evaluate ò f ( x ) dx, but either f ( x ) is
(c) If f ( x ) ³ 0 for all x Î[a , b], then ò f ( x ) dx ³ 0. a
a
not continuous at x = c1 , c2 ,K cn or it is not defined at
(d) If f is continuous on [a, b], then these points. In both cases we have to break the limit at
b b
òa f ( x ) dx £ ò a | f ( x )| dx c1 , c2 , K , cn .
826 JEE Main Mathematics

2 n -1
Example 27. ò [ x3 - 1] dx, where [×] denotes the greatest b
1 Hence, òa f ( x ) dx = lim S n = lim
n ®¥ n ®¥
å hf ( a + rh )
integer function, is equal to r=0
n -1
(a) 6 (b) 12 æb - aö ì ( b - a )r ü
(c) 15 (d) None of these
= lim
n ®¥
å ç ÷ f ía +
è n ø î n þ
ý
r=0

Sol. (d) 1 £ x £ 2 Þ1 £ x 3 £ 8 Þ 0 £ x 3 - 1 £ 7 Note

2 21/ 3 31/ 3 • sin a + sin(a + b ) + sin(a + 2b ) + ... + sin [a + (n - 1) b ]
So, I = ò [ x 3 - 1] dx = ò [ x 3 - 1] dx + ò 1/ 3 [ x 3 - 1] dx sin (a + a + (n - 1)b ) æ nbö
1 1 2
× sin ç ÷
2 2 è 2 ø
+ ... + ò 1/ 3 [ x - 1] dx
3
=
7 b
sin
æ 1ö 2
Now, if x Î ç1, 23 ÷ , then x3 Î[1, 2) or [ x3 - 1] = 0 and so on • cos a + cos(a + b ) + cos(a + 2b ) + ... + cos [a + (n - 1)b ]
ç ÷
è ø
æ 1st angle + Last angle) ö nb
21/ 3 31/ 3 2 ç ÷ × sin
Therefore, I = ò 0 dx + ò 1/ 3 1 × dx + ... ò 1/ 3 6 dx è 2 ø 2
1 2 7 = cos
b
æ ö
= [31/3 - 2 ] + 2[ 4
1/3 1/3
- 31/3 ] + 3 [5 1/3
- 41/3 ] + 4 [61/3 - 41/3 ] sin ç ÷
è2ø
+ 5 [61/3 - 51/3 ] + 6 [21/3 - 71/3 ]
= 12 - [71/3 + 61/3 + 51/3 + 41/3 + 31/3 + 21/3 ] Method to Express the Infinite Series as
Definite Integral
Property 17 1 ær ö
(i) Express the given series in the form å fç ÷.
Mean value of a function over an interval n ènø
Let f ( x ) be a continuous function defined on [a , b ], then (ii) Then, the limit is its sum when n ® ¥,
there exists a point c Î( a , b), such that 1 ær ö
b i.e. lim å fç ÷.
ò a f ( x ) dx = f ( c) ( b - a ) n ®¥ n ènø
r 1
1 b (iii) Replace by x and by ( dx ) and lim å by the
\ f ( c) = ò
b- a a
f ( x ) dx, is called the mean value of f ( x ) n n n ®¥
sign of ò .
over [a , b ].
(iv) The lower and the upper limit of integration are
r
Definite Integral as a Limit of Sum limiting values of for the first and the last term of
n
Let f ( x ) be a continuous real valued function defined on r , respectively.
the closed interval [a , b] which is divided into n parts.
The point of division on X-axis are Some Particular Cases
b- a n n -1
a , a + h , a + 2 h , . . . , a + ( n - 1)h , a + nh, where h = . 1 ær ö 1 ær ö 1
n (i) lim
n ®¥
å f ç ÷ or lim å
n ènø n ®¥ n
fç ÷ =
ènø ò 0 f ( x ) dx
r =1 r =1
y = f(x)
pn
1 ær ö b
(ii) lim
n ®¥
å fç ÷=
n ènø òa f ( x ) dx
r =1

r
where, a = lim =0 [Qr = 1]
n ®¥ n
a + nh = b
a+h

O
a + 2h
a

a + (n–1)h

r
b = lim = p [Qr = pn ]
n ®¥ n

æ (n + 1)1/3 (n + 2)1/3 (2n)1/3 ö

Let S n denotes the area of these n rectangles. Example 28. lim ç + + ..... + ÷ is
n®¥ è n4 /3 n4 /3 n4 /3 ø
Then, S n = hf ( a ) + hf ( a + h )
equal to (JEE Main 2019)
+ hf ( a + 2h ) + . . . + hf { a + ( n - 1)h } 4 3 4
Clearly, S n is area very close to the area of the region (a) (2) 4 /3 (b) (2) 4 /3 -
3 4 3
bounded by curve y = f ( x ), X-axis and the ordinates
3 4 /3 3 4
x = a , x = b. (c) (2) - (d) (2)3 / 4
4 4 3
Definite Integration 827

æ (n + 1)1/3 (n + 2)1/3 (2n)1/3 ö So,

Sol. (c) Let p = lim ç + + ¼ + ÷
n ® ¥ è n 4 /3 n 4 /3 n 4 /3 ø ì æ n - 1ö æ n - 3ö æ n - 5ö æ 1 ö p
ï ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ... ç ÷ × , if n is even
n ï è n ø è n - 2 ø è n - 4 ø è 2ø 2
(n + r)1/3 In = í
= lim
n®¥
å 4 /3
ï æ n - 1ö æ n - 3ö æ n - 5ö æ 2ö
r =1 n ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ .. . ç ÷ × 1, if n is odd
1/3
ïî è n ø è n - 2 ø è n - 4 ø è 3ø
æ rö
n ç1 + ÷ n1/3
è nø
= lim å p/ 4
n®¥ n 4 /3 (ii) I n = ò (tan x )( n - 2) × tan2 x dx
r =1 0
1/3 p/ 4
(tan x )n - 2 (sec2 x - 1) dx
n
1 æ rö =ò
= lim
n®¥n
å çè1 + n ÷ø 0
r =1 p/ 4 p/ 4
=ò (tan x )( n - 2) × sec2x dx - ò (tan x )n - 2 dx
Now, as per integration as limit of sum. 0 0
p
r 1
Let = x and = dx [Q n ® ¥] é (tan x )n - 1 ù 4
n n =ê ú - In - 2
Then, upper limit of integral is 1 and lower limit of integral ë n -1 û0
is 0. 1
In = - In - 2
1 é n ù n -1
1 ærö 1
So, p = ò (1 + x)1/3 dx êQ lim
® ¥ n
å f çè n ÷ø = ò0 f ( x) dxú \ In + In - 2 =
1
0 êë n
r =1 úû n -1
1 p/ 2
é3 ù
= ê (1 + x) 4 /3 ú (iii) I mn = ò0 sinm - 1 x (sin x cosn x )dx
ë4 û0 p/ 2
3 é sinm - 1 x × cosn + 1 x ù
= (2 4 /3 - 1) = ê- ú
4 ë n +1 û0
3 4 /3 3
= (2) - p/ 2 cosn + 1 x
4 4 + ò0 × ( m - 1) × sinm - 2 x cos x dx
n +1
Reduction Formulae in ( m - 1) p/ 2
sinm - 2 x × cosn x × cos2 x dx
( n + 1) ò0
=
Definite Integrals
p/ 2 ( m - 1) p/ 2
(i) I n = ò sinn x dx = ò0 (sinm - 2 x × cosn x - sinm x × cosn x ) dx
0 ( n + 1)
p/ 2 p/ 2
= [- sinn - 1 x × cos x ] 0 + ò ( n - 1) sin( n - 2) x ( m - 1) æ m - 1ö
0 = I m - 2, n - ç ÷ Im , n
× cos2 x dx ( n + 1) è n +1ø
p/ 2 æ m - 1ö æ m - 1ö
= ( n - 1) ò sinn - 2 x × (1 - sin2 x ) dx Þ ç1 + ÷ Im , n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
0
è n +1ø è m + 1ø
p/ 2 p/ 2
= ( n - 1) ò sinn - 2 x × dx - ( n - 1) ò sinn x dx
0 0 æ m -1ö
Þ Im , n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
Þ I n + ( n - 1)I n = ( n - 1)I n - 2 èm + nø
æ n - 1ö Note According to m is even or odd.
Þ In = ç ÷I
è n ø n- 2
æ m - 1ö æ m - 3 ö æ m - 5 ö
p/ 2 p/ 2 Im , n = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ... I 0, n
Note · ò0 sin x dx = ò
n n
cos x dx è m + n ø è m + n - 2ø è m + n - 4ø
0

æ n - 1ö æ n - 3ö æ n - 5ö or I1, n
· In = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ... I 0 or I1 p/ 2
è n ø è n - 2 ø è n - 4ø I 0, n = ò cosn x dx
0
According to n even or odd, p/ 2 1
p and I1, n = ò sin x × cosn x dx =
I 0 = , I1 = 1
0 n +1
2
828 JEE Main Mathematics

Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems
p/ 3
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 7. The integral ò
p/ 6
sec 2 / 3 x cosec4 / 3x dx is equal to
p/ 3
1. The integral ò tan 3x × sin 2 3x ( 2 sec 2 x × sin 2 3x (JEE Main 2019)
p/ 6
+ 3 tan x × sin 6 x) dx is equal to (a) 35/ 6 - 32/ 3 (b) 37/ 6 - 35/ 6
(JEE Main 2020) (c) 35/3 - 31/3 (d) 34/3 - 31/3
1 7 1 9
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) p/ 3 tan q 1
9 18 18 2 8. If ò dq =1 - , ( k > 0), then the value
0 2 k sec q 2
2. If q1 and q 2 be respectively the smallest and the
of k is (JEE Main 2019)
largest values of q in (0, 2p) - { p } which satisfy the 1
5 q (a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
equation, 2 cot 2 q - + 4 = 0, then ò 2 cos2 3qdq 2
sin q q1
p/ 4 dx
is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 9. The integral ò equals
p / 6 sin 2 x (tan 5 x + cot 5 x)
p 1 p 2p p
(a) + (b) (c) (d) (JEE Main 2019)
3 6 3 3 9
1 æp æ 1 öö 1 æ 1 ö
(a) ç - tan - 1 ç ÷ tan - 1 ç ÷
è 3 3 ø ÷ø
3. A value of a such that (b)
5 è4 20 è9 3 ø
a+1
dx æ9ö 1 æp -1æ 1 öö p
ò ( x + a ) ( x + a + 1)
= log e ç ÷ is
è8 ø (c) ç - tan çè
10 è 4
÷÷
9 3 øø
(d)
40
a (JEE Main 2019)

eì
1 1 2x xü
ï x ï
(a) - 2 (b)
2
(c) -
2
(d) 2 10. The integral ò í æç ö÷ æ eö
-ç ÷ ý log e x dx is
1 è ø ïî e èxø ïþ
1
4. ò0 x (tan -1 x ) 2 dx is equal to equal to (JEE Main 2019)
2 2 3 1 1 1 1
p +4 p - 4p (a) - e - 2 (b) - + - 2
(a) + log 2 (b) + log 2 2 2e 2 e 2e
16 16
1 1 3 1 1
p 2+4 (c) - e - 2 (d) - - 2
(c) - log 2 (d) None of these 2 e 2 e 2e
16
é -1 æ x + 1 ö
2 ù
11. The value of ò ê tan -1 æç
1 et 1 et 3 x ö
5. If ò dt = a, then ò dt is equal to ÷ + tan ç ÷ ú dx
0 1+ t 0 (1 + t) 2 -1 èêë
2
x +1 ø è x ø úû
e e is
(a) a - 1 + (b) a + 1 -
2 2 (a) 2p (b) p (c) p /2 (d) p /4
e e
(c) a - 1 - (d) a + 1 + Definite Integration by Substitution
2 2
1 1 x log e t æ1ö
6. If I1 = ò (1 - x 50 )100 dx and I 2 = ò (1 - x 50 )101 dx such 12. For x > 0, if f ( x) = ò dt, then f ( e) + f ç ÷
0 0 1 (1 + t) è eø
that I 2 = aI1, then a equals to (JEE Main 2020)
is equal to (JEE Main 2021)
5049 5050 1
(a) (b) (a) (b) - 1
5050 5049 2
5050 5051
(c) (d) (c) 1 (d) 0
5051 5050
Definite Integration 829

1 dx p
23. If f ( p) = 2 and ò [ f ( x ) + f ¢¢ ( x )]sin x dx = 5 , then
13. ò0 ex + e- x dx is equal to 0

p
f (0) is equal to, {it is given that f ( x) is continuous
(a) p/4 (b) tan -1 e - in [0, p]}
4
p (a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 1
(c) tan -1 e (d) tan -1 e 3/ 2
4 p/ 2 sin x
p/ 2 tan x
24. ò0 sin 3/ 2 x + cos3/ 2 x
dx is equal to
14. ò0 1 + m 2 tan 2 x
dx is equal to
p
(a) 0 (b)
1 2 1 2
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
m m 2m p
(c) (d) None of these
1 4
dx
15. ò 2 is equal to p x
0
(1 + x 2 ) 1 - x 2 25. ò0 1 + sin x
dx is equal to
1 2 3 p p
(a) tan -1 (b) tan -1 (a) p (b) (c) 2p (d)
2 3 2 2 8
1 3
tan -1 4
(c) 0 (d)
2 2 26. ò0 x - 1 dx is equal to

p/ 2 1 + cos x 5 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 5
16. òp/ 3 (1 - cos x ) 5/ 2
dx is equal to 2 2 2

3 3 -3 1 27. If f and g are defined as f ( x) = f ( a - x) and

(a) (b) - (c) (d) - a
64 128 64 128 g ( x) + g ( a - x) = 4, then ò f ( x) g ( x) dx is equal to
0
1 æ -1 1+ xö
ò0 sin çè 2 tan
a a
17. ÷ dx is equal to (a) ò f (x) dx (b) 2 ò f (x) dx
1- xø 0 0
a
p p p (c) 2 ò f (x) g (x) dx (d) None of these
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 0
6 4 2
p/ 2 æ 4 + 3 sin x ö
1 et dt b e- t dt 28. The value of ò log ç ÷ dx is
18. If ò = a, then ò is equal to 0 è 4 + 3 cos x ø
0 t+1 b-1 t - b - 1
3
(a) ae-b (b) - ae-b (c) - be- a (d) aeb (a) 2 (b) (c) 0 (d) -2
4
Properties of Definite Integration a a-x
p
29. ò- a a+x
dx is equal to
19. ò0 log (1 + cos x ) dx is equal to ap
(a) p (b) a (c) (d) ap
p 2
(a) 0 (b) log 2
2
ìï x 2 , for 0 £ x < 1
(c) -p log 2 (d) 2p log 2 30. Given function f ( x) = í , then
ïî x , for 1 £ x £ 2
px ö
20. The value of ò log sin æç
1
÷ dx is equal to 2
0 è 2ø ò0 f ( x) dx is equal to
(a) log 2 (b) - log 2 (c) log 3 (d) 0 1
(a) (4 2 - 1) (b) (4 2 - 1)
1 1 -1 æ
ö 3
21. ò tan ç 2 ÷ dx is equal to
0 è x - x + 1ø 1
(c) ( 2 - 1) (d) None of these
(a) log 2 (b) - log 2 3
3
ò-2|x
2
p p 31. - 1|dx is equal to
(c) + log 2 (d) - log 2
2 2 1 17 28
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
p/ 4 5 p/ 4 3 3 3
22. ò0 (cos x - sin x ) dx + ò
p/ 4
(sin x - cos x ) dx 2

p/ 4
32. ò-1 f ( x) dx, where f ( x ) = x + 1 + x + x - 1 is
+ò (cos x - sin x ) dx is equal to
2p equal to
(a) 2 - 2 (b) 2 2 - 2 7 9 13 19
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 3 2 - 2 (d) 4 2 - 2 2 2 2 2
830 JEE Main Mathematics

p sin 2 x
33. If f and g are continuous functions in [0,1] satisfying 44. ò0 e cos3 x dx is equal to
f ( x ) = f ( a - x ) and g ( x ) + g ( a - x ) = a,then (a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) p
a
ò f ( x ) × g ( x ) dx is equal to
0
1
45. The value of ò [ x [1 + sin px ] + 1] dx is ([×] denotes
a a a -1
(a)
2
(b)
2 ò0 f (x) dx the greatest integer)
a a (a) 2 (b) 0
(c) ò f (x) dx (d) a ò f (x) dx
0 0 (c) 1 (d) None of these
y dt d 2y ì |x |, -1 £ x £ 1 3
34. If x = ò and = ay, then a is equal to 46. If f ( x ) = í , then ò f ( x ) dx is
0
1 + 9t 2 dx 2 î|x - 2 |, 1 < x £ 3 - 1

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 1 equal to

1
3
x + x +1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
35. ò-1 x 2 + 2 x +1
dx is equal to
47. Let f ( x) be a continuous functions for all x, such
x 2 sec 2 t
(a) log 2
1
(b) 2 log 2 that ( f ( x)) 2 = ò0 f ( t) ×
4 + tan t
dt and f (0) = 0, then
(c) log 2 (d) 4 log 2
2 æpö 5 æpö 3
(a) f ç ÷ = log (b) f ç ÷ =
2 è4ø 4 è4ø 4
36. ò-2 x cos px dx is equal to
p
æ ö æpö
8 4 2 1 (c) f ç ÷ = 2 (d) f ç ÷ = 0
(a) (b) (c) (d) è2ø è3ø
p p p p x
48. Let f : (0, ¥) ® R and F ( x) = ò f ( x) dt.
p cos 2 x + 1 0
37. ò0 2
dx is equal to
If F ( x 2 ) = x 2 (1 + x), then f ( 4) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (a) 5/4 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 2
(c) -2 (d) None of these 49. Suppose f is such that f ( - x ) = - f ( x ) for every real
2p
38. ò0 (sin x + |sin x |) dx is equal to 1 0
x and ò f ( x ) dx = 5, then ò f ( t) dt is equal to
0 -1
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 1 (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) -5
p/ 2
39. ò0 sin 2 x log tan x dx is equal to 50.
2
ò-2|[ x ]|dx is equal to
p
(a) p (b) (c) 0 (d) 2p (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
2
( an - 1) / n
51. If f : R ® R and g : R ® R are one to one, real
x
40. The value of the integral ò dx is valued functions, then the value of the integral
1/ n a-x+ x
p
(a)
a
(b)
na + 2
ò- p [ f ( x) + f ( - x)][ g ( x) - g ( - x)] dxis
2 2n
(a) 0 (b) p
na - 2
(c) (d) None of these (c) 1 (d) None of these
2n 3p p
1 52. If P = ò f (cos2 x ) dx and Q = ò f (cos2 x ) dx, then
ò-1 log( x +
2
41. x + 1) dx is equal to 0 0
(a) P - Q = 0 (b) P - 2 Q = 0
(a) 0 (b) log 2 (c) P - 3 Q = 0 (d) P - 5 Q = 0
1 p- a p- a
(c) log (d) None of these
2 53. Let I1 = ò x f (sin x ) dx, I 2 = òa f (sin x ) dx,
a
a a
42. If ò f ( 2 a - x ) dx = m and ò f ( x ) dx = l, then then I 2 is equal to
0 0
p 2
2a (a) I1 (b) pI1 (c) I1 (d) 2 I1
ò0 f ( x ) dx is equal to 2 p
20 / 7
(a) 2 l - m (b) l + m (c) m - l (d) l - 2 m 54. ò-1/7 e5{ x }dx is equal to (where {×} denotes fractional
43. For any integer n, the integral part of x)
p cos 2 x
ò
0
e cos3 ( 2 n + 1 ) x dx has the value (a)
3 5
(e ) (b)
3 5
(e - 1)
5 5
(a) p (b) 1 3
(c) 0 (d) None of these (c) (d) None of these
5
Definite Integration 831

ì ecos x sin x, |x |£ 2
55. If f ( x ) = ïí 65. Consider the following statements
3
, then ò f ( x ) dx is
ïî 2, otherwise - 2 p/ 2 3
I. ò cos x - cos3 x dx =
- p/ 2 4
equal to
4
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 II. ò (|x - 1|+|x - 3|) dx = 10
0
1
56. ò-1 [ x sin p x ] dx is equal to Which of these is/are correct ?
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) None of these
57. If f ( x) is continuous for all real values of x, then 1 2
10 1
66. The value of ò (1 + e- x ) dx is
å ò0
0
f ( r - 1 + x ) dx is equal to
r =1
(a) -1 (b) 2
10 1 (c) 1 + e-1 (d) None of these
(a) ò f (x) dx (b) ò f (x) dx
0
1
0
1
67. Consider the integral
(c) 10 ò f (x) dx (d) 9ò f (x) dx 10 [ x ] e[ x ]
1
0 0 I= ò0 ex - 1
dx
58. ò-1 max { x - [ x ],- x - [ - x ]} dx is equal to where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer less than or
3 3
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 2 equal to x. Then, the value of I is equal to
2 4 (JEE Main 2021)
1 1 1 1 (a) 9 (e - 1) (b) 45 (e + 1) (c) 45 (e - 1) (d) 9 (e + 1)
59. If I1 = ò dx and I 2 = ò0 dx, then
0 |x |
1 + x2 68. The value of ò
p/ 2 1
dx is
(a) I1 = I 2 (b) I1 < I 2 - p/ 2 1 + esin x (JEE Main 2020)
I p p 3p
(c) I1 > I 2 (d) 1 = 2 (a) (b) (c) p (d)
I2 2 4 2
2
p/ 2 p/ 2
69. The value of a for which 4a ò e- a|x| dx = 5, is
-1
60. I1 = ò sin x dx, I 2 = ò0 sin 3 x dx, then (JEE Main 2020)
0
(a) I1 > I 2 (b) I1 < I 2 æ3ö æ4ö
(a) log e 2 (b) log e ç ÷ (c) log e 2 (d) log e ç ÷
è2ø è3ø
(c) I1 = I 2 (d) I 2 = 0
2 dx
61. If f is a positive function and 70. If I = ò , then
1
2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4
3
(JEE Main 2020)
k
I1 = ò1 - k x f [ x (1 - x )] dx, 1
(a) < I 2 <
1 1
(b) < I 2 <
1
k 6 2 8 4
I2 = ò1 - k f [ x (1 - x )] dx, 1 2
(c) < I <
1
(d)
1 2
<I <
1
9 8 16 9
I1
where 2 k - 1 > 0, then is x
I2
71. lim
ò0 t sin(10 t) dt is equal to
1 x®0 x (JEE Main 2020)
(a) 2 (b) k (c) (d) 1
2 1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) - (d) -
2 10 10 5
62. f ( x ) = min{ x + 2 , 1, 2 - x }, then ò f ( x ) dx is equal to
-2
2p x sin 8 x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0 72. The value of ò dx is equal to
0 sin x + cos8 x
8
x
63. If f( x ) = cos x - ò ( x - t) f( t) dt, then f¢¢ ( x ) + f ( x ) is (JEE Main 2020)
0 (a) 2p (b) 4p (c) 2p 2 (d) p 2
equal to
73. Let a function f : [0, 5 ] ® R be continuous, f (1) = 3
(a) - cos x (b) 0
x -x and F be defined as:
(c) ò (x - t ) f (t ) dt (d) - ò (x - t ) f (t ) dt x 2 t
F ( x) = ò1 t g ( t) dt, where g ( t) = ò1 f (u) du.
0 0
20 / 7
64. ò-1/7 sin( x - [ x ]) dx (where [×] denotes greatest Then, for the function F , the point x = 1 is
(JEE Main 2020)
integer) is
(a) not a critical point (b) a point of inflection
(a) 0 (b) 3 (cos 1 - 1)
(c) a point of local maxima (d) a point of local minima
(c) 3 (1 - cos 1) (d) None of these
832 JEE Main Mathematics

2 - x cos x 2 sin 2 x
74. If f ( x) = and g ( x) = log e x, ( x > 0) then 83. The value of the integral ò dx
2 + x cos x -2 éxù 1
p/ 4
+
êë p úû 2
the value of the integral ò g ( f ( x)) dx is
- p/ 4 (JEE Main 2019)
(where, [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or
(a) log e 3 (b) log e e
equal to x) is (JEE Main 2019)
(c) log e 2 (d) log e 1
x (a) 4 - sin 4 (b) 4 (c) sin 4 (d) 0
75. Let f ( x) = ò g ( t) dt, where g is a non-zero even
0
x
84. Let f and g be continuous functions on
function. If f ( x + 5) = g ( x), then ò f ( t) dt equals [0, a] such that f ( x) = f ( a - x) and
0
a
(JEE Main 2019) g ( x) + g ( a - x) = 4, then ò f ( x) g ( x) dx is equal to
5 x +5 0
(a) 5ò g (t )dt (b) ò5 g (t )dt (JEE Main 2019)
x+ 5 a a
x+ 5 5 (a) 4ò f (x) dx (b) ò f (x) dx
(c) 2ò g (t )dt (d) òx+5 g(t )dt 0 0
5 a a
(c) 2ò f (x) dx (d) - 3ò f (x) dx
p/ 2 sin 3 x 0 0
76. The value of ò dx is
0 sin x + cos x (JEE Main 2019) p/ 2 sin 2 x
85. The value of ò dx is
p -1 p -2 p -1 p -2 - p/ 2 1 + 2x (JEE Main 2018)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 8 4 4 p p p
(a) (b) (c) 4p (d)
77. If f : R ® R is a differentiable function and 8 2 4
lim f ( x) 2 t dt 4 log x 2
86. The integral ò
x ® 2 ò6
f ( 2) = 6, then is 2 2
dx is
( x - 2) 2 log x + log(36 - 12 x + x )
(JEE Main 2019)

(a) 12 f ¢ (2) (b) 0 (c) 24 f ¢ (2) (d) 2 f ¢ (2) equal to (JEE Main 2015)
1 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 6
78. The value of the integral ò x cot -1 (1 - x 2 + x 4 ) dx is
0 p x x
(JEE Main 2019) 87. The integral ò 1 + 4 sin 2 - 4 sin dx is equal to
p 1 p 1 0 2 2
(a) - log e 2 (b) - log e 2 (JEE Main 2014)
4 2 2 2 2p
p p (a) p - 4 (b) -4 -4 3
(c) - log e 2 (d) - log e 2 3
4 2 p
2p
(c) 4 3 - 4 (d) 4 3 - 4 -
79. The value of ò [sin 2 x (1 + cos 3x)] dx, where [ t ] 3
0
denotes the greatest integer function, is Definite Integration as a Limit of Sum
(JEE Main 2019)
æ 1 1 1 ö
(a) - p (b) 2p (c) - 2p (d) p 88. lim ç + + ... + ÷ is equal to
p
n®¥ èn+1 n+ 2 6n ø
80. The value of ò |cos x|3 dx is (a) log 2 (b) log 3 (c) log 5 (d) log 6
0 (JEE Main 2019)
2 4 4 1æ 1 2 3n ö
(a) (b) - (c) 0 (d) 89. lim ç + +¼+ ÷ is equal to
3 3 3 n®¥ n è n + 1 n+ 2 4n ø
p/ 2 dx
81. The value of ò , where [ t ] denotes (a) log 4 (b) - log 4
- p/ 2 [ x ] + [sin x ] + 4
(c) 1 - log 4 (d) None of these
the greatest integer less than or equal to t, is r = 4n
n
1 1
(JEE Main 2019) 90. The value of lim
n®¥
å r (3 r + 4 n) 2
is equal to
r =1
(a) (7p - 5) (b) (7p + 5)
12 12 1 1 1 1
3 3 (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) (4p - 3) (d) (4p - 3) 35 14 10 5
10 20
é 1 1 1 ù
x 1 2 æ1ö 91. lim n ê + +K+ ú
82. If ò f ( t) dt = x + ò 2
t f ( t) dt, then f ¢ ç ÷ is n®¥
ë ( n + 1) ( n + 2) ( n + 2) ( n + 4) 6 n2 û
0 x è2ø
(JEE Main 2019) is equal to
24 18 6 4 (a) log (3 /2) (b) log (5 /3)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 25 25 5 (c) log (1 /2) (d) log (4 /5)
Definite Integration 833

Reduction Formulae Indefinite 2n n

(c) + I (m + 1, n - 1)
m+1 m+1
Integrals m
1 (d) I (m + 1, n - 1)
92. If I ( m, n) = ò t m (1 + t) n dt, then the expression for n+1
0
I ( m, n) in terms of I ( m + 1, n - 1 ) is 1 dx
93. If I n = ò : n Î N , then 2 n I n + 1 is equal to
2 n
n 0 (1 + x 2 ) n
(a) - I (m + 1, n - 1)
m+1 m+1 (a) 2- n + (2n - 1) I n (b) 23 n + 2nI n
n
(b) I (m + 1, n - 1) (c) 2n + (2n + 1) I n (d) 2-3 n + (2n + 1) I n
m+1

ROUND II Mixed Bag

5
Only One Correct Option 9. Value of ò { x + 2 x - 1 + x - 2 ( x - 1 )} dx is
1
1
1. 100 ò { x } dx, where { x } denotes the fraction part of (a)
8
(b)
16
(c)
32
(d)
34
0
3 3 3 3
x.
1 æ 1ö
(a) 100 (b) 25 (c) 75 (d) 50 10. I = ò ç tan -1 x + cot -1 ÷ dx is equal to
-2 è xø
41p / 2
2. ò0 sin x dx is equal to
(a)
5p
+ 4 tan -1 2 - In
5
(b)
5p
- 4 tan -1 2 + In
5
2 2 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 5p 5 5p 5
-1 -1
1 dx (c) - 3 tan 2 - In (d) - 3 tan 2 + In
3. If I = ò0 1 + x4
, then 2
p/ 4
2
p/ 4
2 2

11. I1 = ò 2 sin x dx and I 2 = ò 2 cos x dx, then

p p 0 0
(a) I ³ (b) I ³ (a) I1 = I 2 (b) I1 > I 2
6 4
p p (c) I1 < I 2 (d) cannot say
(c) I ³ (d) I ³
5 2 x
12. Let g ( x) = ò f ( t) dt, where f is continuous function
x 0
4. ò0 [sin t] dt, where x Î{ 2 n p, ( 2 n + 1 ) p }, n Î N and [×] in [0, 3] such that
1
£ f ( t) £ 1 for all t Î[0, 1] and
denotes the greatest integer function, is equal to 3
1
(a) -np (b) - (n + 1)p 0 £ f ( t) £ for all t Î (1, 3]. The largest possible
2
(c) -2np (d) - (2n + 1)p
interval in which g(3) lies is (JEE Main 2021)
sin 2 x cos 2 x
5. The value of ò sin -1 tdt + ò cos-1 t dt is é 1ù é 3 ù
0 0 (a) ê - 1, - ú (b) ê - , - 1ú
p ë 2û ë 2 û
(a) (b) 1
2 é1 ù
(c) ê , 2ú (d) [1, 3]
p ë3 û
(c) (d) None of these
4 n
x3 dt ò 0 [ x ] dx
6. Equation of tangent to y = ò at x = 1 is 13. The expression n , where [ x ] and { x } are
x2
1 + t2 ò 0 { x } dx
(a) y = x 2 - 1 (b) y 2 = x - 1 integral and fractional part of x and n Î N , is equal
(c) y = x 2 + 1 (d) y 2 = x + 1 to
9
7. Find the value of ò [ x + 2 ] dx, where [×] is the 1 1
0 (a) (b) (c) n (d) n - 1
n -1 n
greatest integer function
æ1ö
(a) 31 (b) 23 (c) 22 (d) 27 14. If f ( x) is a function satisfying f ç ÷ + x 2 f ( x ) = 0 for
èxø
2 cosec q
8. The value of ò [ x 2 ] dx, where [×] is the greatest all non-zero x, then ò f ( x ) dx is equal to
0 sin q

integer function (a) sin q + cosec q (b) sin 2 q

(a) 2 - 2 (b) 2 + 2 (c) 2 - 1 (d) 2 - 2 (c) cosec 2q (d) None of these
834 JEE Main Mathematics

x-1 2
15. If f ( x ) = , 23. If g (1 ) = g ( 2), then ò [ f { g ( x)}]-1 f ¢ { g ( x ) } g ¢ ( x ) dx
x+1 1

f 2 ( x ) = f ( fx ), . . . , f k + 1 ( x ) =1 f { f k ( x )}, k = 1, 2, 3, K is equal to
and g ( x ) = f 1998 ( x ), then ò g ( x ) dx is equal to (a) 1 (b) 2
1/ e
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) e (c) 0 (d) None of these
p/ 2 cos x
16. f ( x ) is a continuous function for all real values of x 24. ò- p/ 2 1 + ex dx is equal to
n+1 n2
and satisfies ò f ( x ) dx = , " n Î I, then (a) 1 (b) 0
n 2
5 (c) –1 (d) None of these
ò-3 f (|x |) dx is equal to
25. Let a, b and c be non-zero real numbers such that
19 35 3 3
(a) (b)
ò0 (3ax ò1 (3ax
2 2
2 2 + 2 bx + c) dx = + 2 bx + c) dx, then
17
(c) (d) None of these (a) a + b + c = 3 (b) a + b + c = 1
2
(c) a + b + c = 0 (d) a + b + c = 2
100 n
17. The value of å òn - 1 ex - [ x ] dx, where [ x ] is the 26. If f ( x ) is continuous function, then
n=1 2 2
greatest integer £ x, is (JEE Main 2021)
(a) ò -2 f (x) dx = ò 0 [f (x) - f (-x)] dx
5 10
(a) 100 (e - 1) (b) 100e
(c) 100 (1 - e) (d) 100 (1 + e)
(b) ò -3 2 f (x) dx = ò 6 f (x - 1) dx
5 4

18. I1( n ) = ò
sin( 2 n - 1 )
p/ 2 p/ 2 sin 2 nx (c) ò -3 f (x) dx = ò -4 f (x - 1) dx
0 sin x
dx, I 2 ( n ) = ò0 sin 2 x
dx,
5 6

n Î N , then
(d) ò -3 f (x) dx = ò -2 f (x - 1) dx
(a) I 2( n + 1) - I 2( n) = I1( n) 1/ n
é n! ù
(b) I 2( n + 1) - I 2( n) = I1( n + 1)
27. lim ê n ú is equal to
n®¥ ën û

(c) I 2( n + 1) + I 1( n) = I 2( n) 1 p 4
(a) e (b) (c) (d)
(d) I 2( n + 1) + I1( n + 1) = I 2( n) e 4 p
3p/ 2 é 2x ù 28. The points of intersection of
19. ò0 sin ê ú dx, where [ × ] denotes the greatest
ë p û x x

integer function is equal to

f1 ( x ) = ò2 ( 2 t - 5) dt and f2 ( x ) = ò0 2 t dt, are
p p æ 6 36 ö æ 2 4ö
(a) (sin 1 + cos 1) (b) (sin 1 - sin 2) (a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
2 2 è 5 25 ø è 3 9ø
p p æ 1 1ö æ1 1 ö
(c) (sin 1 - cos 1) (d) ( sin 1 + sin 2) (c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
2 2 è 3 9ø è 5 25 ø
1
20. ò -1 { x 2 + x - 3} dx, where { x } denotes the fractional
29. The value of integral å
n 1

k=1
ò0 f ( k - 1 + x ) dx is
part of x, is equal to
1 2
(a)
1
(1 + 3 5 ) (b)
1
(1 + 3 5 ) (a) ò 0 (x) dx (b) ò 0 f (x) dx
3 6 n 1
1
(c) (3 5 - 1)
1
(d) (3 5 - 1)
(c) ò 0 f (x) dx (d) n ò 0 f (x) dx
3 6
d esin x 4 3 sin x 3
p/ 2 dx 30. Let f (x ) = , x > 0. If ò e dx
21. If I = ò dx, then dx x 1 x
0
1 + sin 3 x
= f ( k) - f (1 ), then the possible value of k, is
p
(a) 0 < I < 1 (b) I > (a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 63 (d) 64
2 2
(c) I < 2 p (d) I < 2p 31. The value of the definite integral
a + 5 p/ 2
p/ 4
òa + 2 p {sin -1 (cos x ) + cos-1 (sin x )} dx is equal to
22. ò0 [ tan x + cot x ] dx is equal to

p p p2 p2 p2
(a) 2p (b) (c) (d) 2 p (a) (b) (c) (d) p 2
2 2 8 4 2
Definite Integration 835

32. Let f be integrable over [0, a] for any real a. If we p

(a) (b) p
2
define
p/2
3p
I1 = ò cos q f (sin q + cos 2 q ) dq (c) (d) None of these
0 2
p/ 2 15
and I 2 = ò sin 2 q f (sin q + cos 2 q ) dq, then 36. The value of ò sgn ({ x }) dx, where {×} denotes the
0 -1

(a) I1 = I 2 (b) I1 = - I 2 (c) I1 = 2 I 2 (d) I1 = -2 I 2 fractional part function, is

x (a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 0
33. If f ( x ) = ò (sin t + cos t) dt, then f ( x + p) will be
4 4
0 1 æ pö
37. If ò t 2 f ( t) dt = 1 - sin x, " x Î ç0 , ÷, then
equal to sin x è 2ø
æpö æ 1 ö
(a) f (x) + f ç ÷ f ç ÷ is
è2ø è 3ø
æpö
(b) f (x) + f (p ) or f (x) + 2 f ç ÷ (a) 3 (b) 3
è2ø
(c) 1/3 (d) None of these
(c) f (x) - f (p )

æpö
Numerical Value Type Questions
(d) f (x) - 2 f ç ÷ 2
è2ø
38. The integral ò|| x - 1|- x| dx is equal to ……… .
2 kp
34. If I k = ò |sin x |[sin x ] dx, " k Î N , where [×] 0 (JEE Main 2020)
- 2 kp
10 39. Let [ t ] denote the greatest integer less than or
denotes the greatest integer function, then å I k is 2
equal to t. Then the value of ò |2 x - [3x ]|dx is
k = 1 1
equal to ……… . (JEE Main 2020)
(a) -110 (b) -440
40. Let { x } and [ x ] denote the fractional part of x and
(c) -330 (d) -220
the greatest integer £ x respectively of a real
3p n n
|tan -1 tan -1
x |-|sin sin x | number x. If ò {x } dx,ò [x ]dx and 10 ( n2 - n),
35. The value of ò 2 dx is 0 0
0 |tan -1 tan x |+|sin -1 sin x |
( n Î N , n > 1) are three consecutive terms of a GP,
equal to then n is equal to ……… . (JEE Main 2020)

Round I
Answers
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (d) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (a)
61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (a) 64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (a) 69. (c) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (a) 79. (a) 80. (d)
81. (d) 82. (a) 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (d) 90. (c)
91. (a) 92. (a) 93. (a)

Round II
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (1.5) 39. (1) 40. (21)
836 JEE Main Mathematics

Round I (2 a + 1)2 9
Þ =
1. Given integral 4a (a + 1) 8
p/3
I=ò tan3 x × sin 2 3x(2 sec2 x sin 2 3x + 3 tan x × sin 6x)dx Þ 8 [4a 2 + 4a + 1] = 36 (a 2 + a )
p/ 6
p/3
Þ 8 a2 + 8 a + 2 = 9 a2 + 9 a
=ò [2 tan3 x sec2 x sin 4 3x Þ a2 + a - 2 = 0
p/ 6
+ 3 tan 4 x(2 sin3 3x cos 3x)]dx Þ (a + 2) (a - 1) = 0
p/3 é d æ tan x sin 3x ö ù
4 4
=ò ç ÷ ú dx Þ a = 1, - 2
ê
ë dx è øû
p/ 6 2 From the options we get
p/3
é1 ù 1é æ1 öù 1 a = -2
= ê tan 4 x sin 4 3xú = ê (9 ´ 0) – ç ´ 1÷ ú = -
ë2 û p/ 6 2 ë è9 øû 18 1
4. I = ò x (tan -1 x )2 dx
0
2. Given trigonometric equation for q Î (0, 2p ) - { p } is On integrating by parts, we have
5 x2 1 1 tan -1 x
2 cot2 q - + 4 =0 I = [(tan -1 x) 2]10 - ò x2 × 2 dx
sin q 2 2 0 1 + x2
Þ 2 cos 2 q - 5 sin q + 4 sin 2 q = 0
p 2 1 x2
× tan -1 x dx
32 ò0 1 + x2
Þ 2 sin 2 q - 5 sin q + 2 = 0 = -
2
Þ 2 sin q - 4 sin q - sin q + 2 = 0
p2 1 x2
Þ 2 sin q(sin q - 2) - 1(sin q - 2) = 0 = - I1 , where I1 = ò tan -1 x dx
32 0 1 + x2
Þ (sin q - 2)(2 sin q - 1) = 0
1 x2 + 1 - 1
Q sin q Î [-1, 1] - {0}, for q Î (0, 2p ) - { p } Now, I1 = ò tan -1 x dx
\ sin q - 2 ¹ 0
0 1 + x2
1 p 5p 1
= ò tan -1 x dx - ò
1 1
tan -1 x dx
So, sin q = Þ q= ,
2 6 6 0 01+ x2
p 5p 1 p2
\ q1 = and q2 = = I 2 - {(tan -1 x2)}10 = I 2 -
6 6 2 32
q2
Now, the integral ò cos 23 q dq 1
Here, I 2 = ò tan -1 x dx = [x tan -1 x]10 - ò
1 x
dx
q1
0 01+ x2
5 p/ 6
5 p/ 6 æ 1 + cos 6 q ö 1é sin 6 q ù p 1 p 1
=ò ç ÷ d q = êq + =- [log 1 + x2 ]10 = - log 2
p/ 6 è 2 ø 2ë 6 úû p/ 6 4 2 4 2
1 æ 5p p ö 1 1 æ 4p ö p p 1 p2
= ç - ÷+ (0 - 0) = ç ÷ = Thus, I1 = - log 2 -
2è 6 6 ø 12 2è 6 ø 3 4 2 32
a +1 dx
3. Let I=ò Therefore,
a (x + a ) (x + a + 1) p2 p 1 p2 p2 p 1
I1 = - + log 2 + = - + log 2
a +1 (x + a + 1) - (x + a ) 32 4 2 32 16 4 2
=ò dx
a (x + a ) (x + a + 1) p 2 - 4p
= + log 2
a +1 æ 1 1 ö 16
=ò ç - ÷ dx
a è x + a x + a + 1ø 1et é 1 tù 1 et
1

a +1
5. Since, I = ò dt = ê e ú +ò dt = a (given)
= [log e (x + a ) - log e (x + a + 1)]a 01+ t
ë 1 + t û 0 0 (1 + t )
2

a+1 1 et e
é æ x + a öù
= ê log e ç ÷ú
Therefore, ò0 (1 + t )2 = a - 2 + 1
ë è x + a + 1øûa
1
2a + 1 2a 6. It is given that I1 = ò ( 1 - x50 )100 dx
= log e - log e 0
2a + 2 2a + 1 1
and I 2 = ò (1 - x50 )101 dx
æ 2a + 1 2a + 1 ö 0
= log e ç ´ ÷ 1
è 2a + 2 2a ø = ò (1 - x50 )(1 - x50 )100 dx
0
æ9ö
= log e ç ÷ (given) 1 1
= ò (1 - x50 )100 dx - ò x × x49 (1 - x50 )100 dx
è8ø 0 0
Definite Integration 837

1 1
Now, let I = ò x × x49 (1 - x50 )100 dx Q I =1 - (given)
0 2
= [xò x49 (1 - x50 )100 dx - ò 1ò x49 (1 - x50 )100 dx]10 2 æ 1 ö 1 2
\ ç1 - ÷ =1 - Þ =1
1 2k è 2ø 2 2k
é (1 - t )100 æ (1 - t )100 ö ù
= ê t1/50 ò dt - ò ç ò dt ÷ dxú Þ 2 = 2k Þ 2k = 4 Þ k = 2
ë 50 è 50 ø û0
p/ 4 dx
9. Let I=ò
[where, x50 = t] p/ 6 sin 2x(tan5 x + cot5 x)
I2
I =0 - p/ 4 (1 + tan 2 x) tan5 x
50 ´ 101 =ò dx
p/ 6 2 tan x (tan10 x + 1 )
I2 5051 é 2 tan x ù
\ I 2 = I1 - Þ I 2 = I1 êQ sin 2x = ú
5050 5050 ë 1 + tan 2 x û
Q I 2 = aI1 1 p/ 4 tan 4 x sec2 x
5050
=
2 òp/ 6 (tan10 x + 1) dx
\ a=
5051 Put tan5 x = t [Qsec2 x = 1 + tan 2 x]
p/3 4 2
7. Let I = ò sec2/3 x cosec4/3 x dx Þ 5 tan x sec x dx = dt
p/ 6
p p
p/3 1 p/3 sec2 x x
=ò dx = ò dx 6 4
p/ 6 cos 2/ 3 4/3
x sin x p/ 6 (tan x)4 / 3 5
æ 1 ö
t ç ÷ 1
[multiplying and dividing the è 3ø
denominator by cos 4/3 x]
1 1 1 dt 1
Put, tan x = t, upper limit, at x = p / 3 Þ t = 3 \ I= × ò(1/ = (tan -1 (t ))(11/ 3 )5
2 5 3 )5 2
t + 1 10
and lower limit, at x = p / 6 Þ t = 1 / 3
1 æ -1 -1 æ 1 ö ö
and sec2 x dx = dt = ç tan (1) - tan ç ÷÷
3
10 è è9 3 øø
3 dt é t - 1/3 ù æ 1 ö
So, I = ò =ê ú = - 3 ç 1/ 6 - 31/ 6 ÷ 1 æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
1/ 3 t 4/3 ë - 1 / 3 û 1/ è3 ø = ç - tan ç ÷÷
3 10 è 4 è9 3 øø
= 3 × 31/ 6 - 3 × 3- 1/ 6 = 37/ 6 - 35/ 6
ì
eï
2x
æ e ö üï
x
10. Let I = ò í æç ö÷
x
p/3 tan q 1 - ç ÷ ý log e x dx
8. We have, ò dq = 1 - , (k > 0) 1 ïè eø è xø ï
0 2k sec q 2 î þ
x
p/3 tan q 1 p/3 tan q æ xö æ xö
Let I = ò dq = ò0 dq Now, put ç ÷ = t Þ x log e ç ÷ = log t
0 2k sec q 2k sec q è eø è eø
1 p/3 (sin q) Þ x (log e x - log e e) = log t
=
2k ò0 1
dq
é æ1ö ù 1
(cos q) Þ ê x çè x ÷ø + (log e x - log e e)ú dx = t dt
cos q ë û
1 p/3 sin q 1
= ò0 dq Þ (1 + log e x - 1) dx = dt
2k cos q t
1
Let cos q = t Þ - sin q dq = dt Þ sin q dq = - dt Þ (log e x) dx = dt
t
for lower limit, q = 0 Þ t = cos 0 = 1
p p 1 Also, upper limit x = e
for upper limit, q = Þ t = cos = 1
3 3 2 Þ t = 1 and lower limit x = 1 Þ t =
1
e
1 1/ 2 - dt -1 1/ 2 - 1 æ 1ö 1
Þ I=
2k ò1 t
=
2k ò1 t 2dt
\ I = ò ç t 2 - ÷ × dt
1/ e è tø t
1 1
æ -1 +1 ö2 1
Þ I = ò (t - t -2) dt
1 ç t 2 ÷ 1/ e
1
=- ç 1 ÷ =- [2 t ]12 1
2k ç - + 1 ÷ 2k é æ t2 1 ö ù ìæ1 ö æ 1 öü
è 2 ø1 I = êç + ÷ú = í ç + 1÷ - ç 2 + e÷ý
è ø è øþ
ëè 2 t øû 1/ e
î 2 2e
2 é 1 ù 2 æ 1 ö 3 1
=- ê - 1ú = ç1 - ÷ = - e- 2
2k ë 2 û 2 k è 2ø 2 2e
838 JEE Main Mathematics

é ù dx
-1 æ x + 1 ö
2 1/ 2
-1 æ x ö
ò0
3
15.
11. ò-1 ê tan çè x2 + 1 ÷ø + tan çè x ÷ø ú dx (1 + x2) 1 - x2
ë û
3 é x öù Put x = sin q Þ dx = cos q dq
æ x ö -1 æ
= ò ê tan -1 ç 2 ÷ + cot ç 2 ÷ dx p/ 6 cos qdq p/ 6 sec2 q
-1
ë è x + 1 ø è x + 1 ø úû =ò 2
=ò dq
0 (1 + sin q) cos q 0 sec q + tan 2 q
2
é 1ù
Q tan -1 x = cot-1 ú p/ 6 sec2 q
ëê xû =ò dq
3 æpö é px ù p
3 0 1 + ( 2 tan q )2
= ò ç ÷ dx = ê ú = [3 + 1] = 2p
-1 è 2 ø ë 2 û -1 2 Put t = 2 tan q
é pù dt = 2 sec2 q dq
-1 -1
êëQ tan x + cot x = 2 úû 1
2
dt 1
[tan -1 t ]0
2/ 3
=
2 ò0 3
1 + t2
=
2
12. f (e) + f æç ö÷ = ò
1 ln t e 1/ e ln t
è ø 1 e
dt +
1+ t ò1 1+ t
dt = I1 + I 2
é 1 -1 2 ù 1 2
= ê tan - tan -1 0ú = tan -1
1/ e ln t ë 2 3 û 2 3
I2 = ò dt
1 1+ t x x
p/ 2 1 + cos x p/ 2
2 cos cos
1 dz 2 1 p/ 2 2
Put t=, dt = - 2 16. ò dx = ò dx = ò dx
p/3 (1 - cos x )5 / 2 p/3 5 / 2 x 4 p/3 sin5 x
z z 2 sin5
2 2
e ln z æ dz ö e ln z
=ò -
1 è z 2 ø ò1 z (z + 1)
´ ç- ÷= dz x 1 x
1 Let t = sin Þ dt = cos dx
1+ 2 2 2
z 1/ 2
æ ö
1 ln t ln t 1 1/ 2 dt 1 é -1 ù -1 é 1 1 ù -3
2 ò1/ 2 t5 2 êë 4t 4 úû 1/ 2
e e
f (e) + f ç ÷ = ò dt + ò = = = - =
è eø 1 1 + t 1 t (t + 1 )
dt 8 êë 4 16 úû 128
e ln t ln t 1 æ 1+ xö
=ò + × dt 17. Let I = ò sin ç2 tan -1 ÷ dx
1 1 + t t (t + 1) 0 è 1-xø
e ln t ì 1 ü Put x = cos 2 q
=ò dt í ln t = r , × dt = drý
1 t î t þ é 1 + cos 2 q ù
Then, sin ê2 tan -1 -1
ú = sin[2 tan (cot q)]
e r2 1 1 ë 1 - cos 2 q û
= ò rdr = =
1 2 0 2 é ì æp öü ù
= sin ê2 tan -1 í tan ç - q÷ý ú
1 dx 1 ex ë î è 2 øþ û
13. ò0 ex + e-x = ò0 e2x + 1 dx
é æp öù
= sin ê2 ç - q÷ ú = sin(p - 2 q) = sin 2 q
Let t = ex Þ dt = ex dx ë è2 øû
e dt
=ò 2 = [tan -1 t ]1e = 1 - cos 2 2 q = 1 - x2
1 t +1
1 æ -1 1+ xö 1
ò0 sin çè2 tan ÷ dx = ò 1 - x dx
2
-1 -1 -1 p Now,
= tan e - tan (1 ) = tan e- 1-xø 0
4 1
é1 ù 1
p/ 2 tan xdx = ê x × 1 - x2 ú + [sin -1 x]10
14. ò0 1 + m2 tan 2 x ë2 û0 2
1 1
Let t = m tan x = [1 1 - 1 - 0] + [sin -1 (1) - 0]
2 2
dt = m sec2 x dx 1 1 æpö p
cos 2 x = [0] + ç ÷ =
dx = dt 2 2 è2ø 4
m b e- t 0 e- ( t + b)
=ò
¥ tan x cos 2 x 1 ¥sin 2 x 18. òb - 1 t - b -1
dt = ò
-1 (t + b ) - b - 1
dt
0 1 + t2
×
m
dt =
2m ò0 1 + t 2 dt
0 e- t 1 e- ( t - 1 )
1 ¥ 1 2 tan x 1 ¥ 2t = e-b ò-1 dt = e-b ò dt
t -1 t -2
2m ò0 1 + t 2 1 + tan 2 x 2m ò0 (1 + t 2)2
= ´ dt = dt 0

Put t - 1 = - s Þ dt = - ds
Put z = 1 + t2 0 es 0 es
= - e-b ò1 ds = e-b ò1 ds
dz = 2t dt - (s + 1) s+1
¥
1 ¥ dz 1 é 1 ù 1 1 1 et
= ò1 = - = [-0 + 1] = = - e-b ò0 dt = - ae-b
2m z 2 2m êë z úû 1 2m 2m t+1
Definite Integration 839

p 1 1
19. Let I = ò log (1 + cos x ) dx …(i) = ò tan -1 x dx - ò tan -1 (x - 1 ) dx
0 0 0
p 1 1
Þ I=ò log { 1 + cos (p - x )} dx = ò tan -1 x dx + ò tan -1 (1 - 1 + x ) dx
0 0 0
éQ a f (x )dx = a f (a - x )dxù
êë ò 0 ò0 1 -1 1
úû = ò tan x dx + ò tan -1 x dx
p 0 0
=ò log(1 - cos x ) dx [Q cos (p - x ) = - cos x] …(ii) 1 -1
0 = 2ò tan x dx
0
p ì æ x öü é 2 xù
=ò log í2 sin 2ç ÷ý dx êëQ 1 - cos x = 2 sin 2 úû é x ù
1
0
î è 2 øþ = 2 ê x tan -1 x - ò 2
dxú
ë 1+ x û0
pì æ x öü
= ò í log 2 + 2 log çsin ÷ý dx é 1 ù
1
0
î è 2 øþ = 2 ê x tan -1 x - log(1 + x2)ú
ë 2 û0
[Q log (m n 2) = log m + 2 log n ]
p p æ xö éì 1 ü ì 1 üù
= ò log 2 dx + 2ò log çsin ÷ dx = 2 êí1 tan -1 1 - log(2)ý - í0 - log 1ý ú
0 0 è 2ø ëî 2 þ î 2 þû
x é p 1 ù p
In the second integral, put = t Þ dx = 2dt = 2 ê - log 2 - 0ú = - log 2
2 ë4 2 û 2
and limits when x = 0, t = 0 and when x = p , t = p /2 p/ 4 5 p/ 4
p/ 2
22. ò0 (cos x - sin x ) dx + òp/ 4 (sin x - cos x ) dx
\ I= log 2 [x]0p + 2ò log(sin t ) 2dt p/ 4
0 + ò (cos x - sin x ) dx
2p
æ p ö
= (log 2) (p - 0) + 4 ç - log 2÷ = {[sin x + cos x]p0 / 4 - [sin x + cos x]5p p/ 4/ 4 + [sin x + cos x]p2p/ 4 }
è 2 ø
é p/ 2 p ù é p p ù
êëQ ò 0 log sin x dx = - 2 log 2úû = êsin + cos - (sin 0 + cos 0)ú
ë 4 4 û
= - p log 2
é 5p 5p æ p p öù
1 æ px ö - êsin + cos - çsin + cos ÷ ú
20. Let I = ò log sin ç ÷ dx 4 è 4 øû
0 è2ø ë 4 4
é p p ù
px 2 + êsin + cos - (sin 2p + cos 2p )ú
Put = t Þ dx = dt ë 4 4 û
2 p
2 p/ 2 2 é 1 1 ù é 1 1 æ 1 1 öù
\ I = ò log sin t dt = I1 …(i) =ê + - 1ú - ê - - -ç + ÷
p 0 p ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 è 2 2 ø úû
p/ 2 p/ 2 æp ö é 1 ù
where, I1 = ò log sin t dt = ò log sin ç - t ÷ dt +ê +
1
- 1ú
0 0 è2 ø
ë 2 2 û
p/ 2
=ò log cos t dt = [ 2 - 1] - [- 2 - 2 ] + [ 2 - 1]
0
p/2 = [ 2 - 1 + 2 2 + 2 - 1] = 4 2 - 2
\ 2 I1 = ò (log sin t + log cos t ) dt
0 p p
p/ 2 p/ 2 æ sin 2 t ö
23. ò0 f (x )sin x dx + ò0 f ¢¢(x )sin x dx = 5
=ò log (sin t cos t ) dt = ò log ç ÷ dt
0 0 è 2 ø p p
Þ [ f (x )(- cos x )]p0 + ò f ¢(x ) cos x dx + ò f ¢¢(x )sin x dx = 5
p/ 2 0 0
=ò ( log sin 2 t - log 2) dt
0 Þ [- f (x ) cos x]p0 + [ f ¢(x)sin x]0p
1 p p/ 2 p p
=
2 ò0 log sin z dz - log 2ò0 dt - ò f ¢¢(x )sin x dx + ò f ¢¢(x )sin x dx = 5
0 0

[put 2x = z in first integral, \2dx = dz] Þ f (p ) + f (0) = 5 Þ f (0) = 5 - f (p ) = 3

1 p/ 2 p p/ 2 sin3/ 2 x
= × 2ò log sin z dz - log 2 24. Let I=ò dx …(i)
2 0 2 0 sin3/ 2 x + cos3/ 2 x
p p
Þ 2 I1 = I1 - log 2 Þ I1 = - log 2 æp ö
2 2 sin3/ 2ç - x÷
p/ 2 è2 ø
2 æ p ö Then, I = ò dx
\ From Eq. (i), I = ç - log 2÷ = - log 2 0 æ p ö æp ö
p è 2 ø sin3/ 2ç - x÷ + cos3/ 2ç - x÷
è2 ø è2 ø
1 -1 æ 1 ö
21. ò0 tan ç 2 ÷ dx éQ a f (x ) dx = a f (a - x ) dxù
ëê ò 0 ò0
è x - x + 1ø
ûú
1 ì x - (x - 1 ) ü cos3/ 2 x
= ò tan -1 í ý Þ I=ò
p/ 2
dx …(ii)
0
î 1 + x (x - 1 )þ 0 cos x + sin3/ 2 x
3/ 2
840 JEE Main Mathematics

æp æp
a
é ö ö ù Þ I=ò f (x) {4 - g (x )} dx …(ii)
êQ sin çè 2 - x÷ø = cos x and cos çè 2 - x÷ø = sin xú 0
ë û
[Q f (x ) = f (a - x ) and g (x ) + g (a - x ) = 4 (given)]
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
p/ 2 sin3 / 2 x + cos3 / 2 x
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2I = ò dx a a
0 sin3 / 2 x + cos3 / 2 x 2I = ò 4 f (x ) dx Þ I = 2ò f (x ) dx
0 0
p/ 2 p p
=ò 1 dx = [x]0p/ 2 = -0 Þ I = p/ 2 æ 4 + 3 sin x ö
0 2 4 28. Let I = ò log ç ÷ dx …(i)
0 è 4 + 3 cos x ø
p x
25. Let I=ò dx …(i)
0 1 + sin x p/ 2 é 4 + 3 sin(p / 2 - x ) ù
Þ I=ò log ê ú dx
p p-x
0
ë 4 + 3 cos(p / 2 - x ) û
Then, I = ò dx
0 1 + sin(p - x ) éQ a f (x )dx = a f (a - x )dxù
éQ a f (x )dx = a f (a - x )dxù ëê ò 0 ò0 ûú
ëê ò 0 ò0 ûú p/ 2 æ 4 + 3 cos x ö
Þ I=ò log ç ÷ dx …(ii)
p-x p 0 è 4 + 3 sin x ø
Þ I=ò dx [Q sin (p - x ) = sin x] …(ii)
0 1 + sin x
é æp ö æp ö ù
êQ sin çè 2 - x÷ø = cos x and cos çè 2 - x÷ø = sin xú
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ë û
p p p 1
2I = ò dx = p ò dx On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
0 (1 + sin x ) 0 (1 + sin x )
p/ 2 é æ 4 + 3 sin x ö æ 4 + 3 cos x ö ù
p 1 - sin x 2I = ò ê log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ ú dx
= pò dx 0
ë è 4 + 3 cos x ø è 4 + 3 sin x ø û
0 (1 + sin x ) (1 - sin x )
p/ 2 æ 4 + 3 sin x 4 + 3 cos x ö
[multiply numerator and denominator by (1 - sin x )] Þ 2I = ò log ç ´ ÷ dx
p 1 - sin x
0 è 4 + 3 cos x 4 + 3 sin x ø
Þ 2I = p ò dx
0 1 - sin 2 x [Q log m + log n = log mn ]
p p sin x p/ 2 p/ 2
1 Þ 2I = ò log 1 dx Þ 2I = ò 0 dx [Q log 1 = 0]
= pò dx - p ò dx 0 0
0 cos 2 x 0 cos 2 x
[Q sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 ] Þ I =0
p p
Þ 2I = p ò sec x dx - p ò sec x × tan x dx
2 a a-x a a-x
0 0 29. I = ò dx = ò dx
-a a+x -a
a 2 - x2
Þ 2I = p [tan x - sec x]p0
a dx a x dx a dx
Þ 2I = p [tan p - sec p - (tan 0 - sec 0)] = aò -ò = a × 2ò -0
-a 2 2 -a 2 2
Þ 2I = p [0 + 1 - 0 + 1] Þ 2I = 2p Þ I = p a -x a -x 0
a 2 - x2
4 æ x ö
26. Let I = ò |x - 1|dx çQ is an odd function ÷
0 ç a 2 - x2 ÷
It can be seen that, (x - 1 ) £ 0 when 0 £ x £ 1 and è ø
(x - 1 ) ³ 0 when 1 £ x £ 4 é xù
a
1 4 = 2a êsin -1 ú
\ I = ò |x - 1|dx + ò 0 |x - 1|dx ë a û0
0
ép ù
éQ b f (x ) dx = c f (x ) dx + Þ 2a [sin -1 (1 ) - sin -1 (0)] = 2a ê - 0ú = pa
f (x ) dxù
b
êë ò a òa òc úû ë2 û
2 1 2
1
= ò (1 - x ) dx +
4
30. Here, ò f (x ) dx = ò f (x ) dx + ò f (x ) dx
0 ò1 (x - 1 ) dx 0 0 1
2 1 2 2
é x é x2 ù 2 ù1 4 \ ò0 f (x ) dx = ò0 x dx + ò
1
x dx
= ê x - ú + ê - xú
ë 2 û0 ë 2 û1 éx 3 ù1 2
2 é2 ù
æ 1ö æ 42 ö æ1 ö 1 1
Þ ò0 f (x ) dx = êë 3 úû + ê x xú
ë 3 û1
= ç1 - ÷ - 0 + ç - 4÷ - ç - 1÷ = + 4 + = 5 0
è 2ø è2 ø è2 ø 2 2 é1 ù 2
= ê - 0ú + [2 2 - 1]
27. Let I = ò
a
f (x ) g (x ) dx …(i) ë3 û 3
0
1 4 2 2 4 2 1
a + =- = -
Þ I=ò f (a - x ) g (a - x ) dx 3 3 3 3 3
0
éQ a f (x )dx = a f (a - x )dxù 2 1
êë ò 0 ò0 úû
\ ò0 f (x ) dx = 3 (4 2 - 1 )
Definite Integration 841

3 -1 1 3 p cos 2x + 1 p p
ò-2 x - 1 dx = ò x2 - 1 dx + ò x2 - 1 dx + ò x2 - 1 dx
2
31.
-2 -1 1 37. ò0 2
dx = ò cos 2x dx = ò |cos x|dx
0 0
[here, modulus function will change at the points, p/ 2 p
= ò cos x dx - ò cos x dx = 2
when x2 - 1 = 0 i. e. , at x = ± 1] 0 p/ 2
2p
-1
So, I = ò (x2 - 1 ) dx + ò (1 - x2 ) dx +
-2
1
-1
3
ò1 (x
2
- 1 ) dx 38. ò0 (sin x + |sin x|) dx
p 2p
-1 1 3 = ò (sin x + sin x ) dx + ò (sin x - sin x ) dx
é x3 ù é x3 ù éx3 ù 0 p
=ê - xú + ê x - ú +ê - xú p 2p
ë 3 û -2 ë 3 û -1 ë 3 û1 = ò 2 sin x dx + ò 0 dx = 2 [- cos x]p0 + 0
0 p
2 2 2 2 2 28
= + + + +6+ = = -2 (cos p - cos 0) = -2 (-1 - 1 ) = 4
3 3 3 3 3 3 p/2
39. Let I = ò sin 2x log tan x dx ...(i)
ì 2 - x, if -1 < x £ 0 0
ï
32. We can redefine f as f (x ) = í x + 2, if 0 < x £ 1 p/2 æp ö æp ö
I=ò sin 2 ç - x÷ log tan ç - x÷ dx
ï 3x, if 1 < x £ 2 0 è2 ø è2 ø
î
éQ a f (x ) dx = a f (a - x ) dxù
êë ò0 ò0
Therefore,
2 0 1 2
úû
p/2
ò-1 f (x ) dx = ò-1 (2 - x ) dx + ò0 (x + 2)dx + ò13x dx (by P2) I = ò sin 2x log cot x dx
0
...(ii)
0 1 2
é x2 ù é x2 ù é 3 x2 ù On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
= ê2x - ú + ê + 2xú + ê ú p/2
ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û 0 ë 2 û1 2I = ò sin 2x log (tan x cot x ) dx
0
æ 1ö æ1 ö æ4 1ö p/2 p/2
= 0 - ç - 2 - ÷ + ç + 2÷ + 3 ç - ÷ =ò sin 2x log 1 dx = ò 0 dx
è 2 ø è 2 ø è2 2ø 0 0

5 5 9 19 Þ I =0
= + + =
2 2 2 2 ( an - 1 )/ n x
a 40. I=ò dx
33. Since, I = ò f (x ) × g (x ) dx 1/ n a-x+ x
0
a - (1/ n) x
a a
= ò f (a - x ) g (a - x ) dx = ò f (x ){ a - g (x )} dx =ò dx ...(i)
0 0
1/ n a-x+ x
a a a 1 1
= a ò f (x) dx - ò f (x) × g (x) dx = a ò f (x) dx - I + a - - x dx
0 0 0 a - (1/ n) n n
=ò
a a 1/ n
æ ö æ1 ö
or I=
2 ò0 f (x ) dx 1 1 1
a - ç + a - - x÷ + ç + a - - x÷
èn ø èn ø
n n
y dt dx 1
34. Since, x = ò Þ = a-
1
a-x
0
1 + 9t 2 dy 1 + 9 y2 Þ I = ò1 n dx ...(ii)
x+ a-x
n
d2 y 18 y dy
which gives = =9y On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
dx2 2 1 + 9 y2 dx 1
a - (1/ n) a-
1
3
x + x +1 2I = ò 1 dx = [x]1 n

35. Since, I = ò dx 1/ n
n
-1 x2 + 2 x + 1
1 1 na - 2 na - 2
1 x3 1 x +1 Þ 2I = a - - = Þ I=
I=ò 2
+ò 2 dx n n n 2n
-1 x + 2 x + 1 -1 x + 2 x + 1

1 x +1
41. Let f (x ) = log(x + 1 + x2 ) and replacing x by -x, we get
=0 + 2 ò dx
0 ( x + 1 )2 f (- x ) = log ( 1 + x2 - x )
[odd function + even function]
1 x+1 1 1 ( 1 + x2 + x )
=2 ò dx = 2 ò dx = log ( 1 + x2 - x )
0 (x + 1 )2 0 x+1 ( 1 + x2 + x )
= 2 [ log x + 1 ]10 = 2 log 2 [(1 + x2) - x2]
= log
36. Since, I = ò
2
x cos px dx = 2 ò x cos px dx
2 ( 1 + x2 + x )
-2 0
= log 1 - log ( 1 + x2 + x ) = - log ( 1 + x2 + x )
ïì üï
1 3
2
= 2 í ò 2 x cos px dx + ò12 x cos px dx + ò3 x cos px dxý Þ f (- x ) = - f (x )
0
ïî 2 2 þï Hence, f (x ) is an odd function.
8 1
=
p
\ ò-1 log (x + 1 + x2 ) dx = 0
842 JEE Main Mathematics

a a
Þ C = - log 4
42. We have, ò0 f (2a - x ) dx = m and ò0 f (x ) dx = l
\ f (x) = log (4 + tan x) - log (4)
Now, using properties of definite integral
æpö
2a a a Þ f ç ÷ = log (4 + 1) - log (4)
ò0 f (x ) dx =ò0 f (x ) dx + ò0 f (2a - x ) dx è4ø
2a æ5ö
= log ç ÷
Þ ò0 f (x ) dx = l + m è4ø
p cos 2 x
x2
43. Given, ò0 e × cos3 (2 n + 1 ) x dx 48. Given, F (x2) = x2(1 + x ) Þ ò0 f (t ) dt = x (1 + x )
2

2
Let f (x) = ecos x
× cos3 (2 n + 1 ) x On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Then, f (p - x ) = e cos 2( p - x ) 3
× cos [(2n + 1 )p - (2n + 1 )x ] 2xf (x2) = 2x + 3x2
3x
= - ecos
2
x
× cos3 (2 n + 1 )x Þ f (x2) = 1 +
2
Þ f (p - x) = - f (x ) 2 3
Þ f (2 ) = 1 + (2) = 4 Þ f (4) = 4
Then, f (x) is an odd function. 2
p cos 2 x
49. Given, f (-x ) = - f (x ), " values of real x.
\ ò0 e × cos3 (2 n + 1 )x dx = 0
p 2 We know that,
44. Let I = ò esin x
cos3 x dx ...(i) a 0 a
0
p 2
( p - x)
ò-a f (x ) dx = 0 =ò-a f (x ) dx + ò0 f (x ) dx
Þ I = ò esin cos3 (p - x ) dx [Q f (- x ) = - f (x )]
0
0 1
Þ I = -ò e
p sin 2 x
0
cos3 x dx ...(ii) Þ ò-1 f (x ) dx + ò0 f (x ) dx = 0
0 éQ 1 f (x ) dx = 5ù
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Þ ò-1 f (x ) dx = -5 ëê ò0 ûú
2I =0 Þ I =0 0
1 Þ ò-1 f (t ) dt = -5
45. ò-1 [x [1 + sin px] + 1] dx 2

0 1
50. ò-2|[x]|dx-1
= ò [x [1 + sin px] + 1] dx + ò [x [1 + sin px] + 1] dx 0 1 2
= ò |[x]|dx + ò |[x]|dx + ò |[x]|dx + ò |[x]|dx
-1 0
-2 -1 0 1
Now, -1 < x < 0 Þ [1 + sin px] = 0 -1 0 1 2
= ò 2 dx + ò 1 dx + ò 0 dx + ò 1 dx
0 < x < 1 Þ [1 + sin px] = 1 -2 -1 0 1

Þ [x [1 + sin px] + 1] = 1 = 2 [x]--12 + [x]-01 + 0 + [x]12

1
= 2 (-1 + 2) + (0 + 1 ) + (2 - 1 )
\ ò-1 [x [1 + sin px] + 1] dx = 2
=2+1+1 =4
1 3
46. ò-1 |x|dx + ò |x - 2|dx
1 51. Let f(x) = [ f (x ) + f (-x )][ g (x ) - g (-x )],
1 2 3
= 2ò x dx + ò ( 2 - x ) dx + ò ( x - 2 ) dx then f(- x) = [ f (- x ) + f (x ) ] [ g (- x ) - g (x ) ]
0 1 2
2 3
f (- x ) = - f (x )
1 é x2 ù é x2 ù 1 1 Þ It is an odd function.
=2´ + ê2x - ú + ê - 2xú = 1 + + = 2
2 ë 2 û1 ë 2 û2 2 2 p
\ ò-p f( x) dx = 0
x 2 sec2 t p
47. Here, ( f (x))2 = ò f (t ) ×
0 4 + tan t
dt Þ ò-p [ f (x ) + f (-x )] [ g ( x ) - g (-x ) ] dx = 0
3p
On differentiating both the sides, we get 52. Given, P=ò f (cos 2 x ) dx ...(i)
0
2
2 sec x p
2 f (x) × f ¢ (x) = f (x) × and Q = ò f (cos 2 x ) dx ...(ii)
4 + tan x 0

sec2 x From Eq. (i),

Þ f ¢ (x) = p
4 + tan x P = 3ò f (cos 2 x ) dx
0
Integrating both sides, we get
Þ P = 3Q Þ P -3Q = 0
sec2 x
f (x) = ò dx = log (4 + tan x) + C 53. Given, I1 = ò
p-a
x f (sin x ) dx
4 + tan x a
p- a
Since, f (0) = 0 Þ 0 = log (4) + C and I2 = ò f (sin x ) dx
a
Definite Integration 843

p-a -0.5 0 0.5 1

Now, I1 = ò x f (sin x ) dx é x2 ù é x2 ù é x2 ù é x2 ù
a = ê- ú + ê + xú + êx - ú + ê ú
p-a ë 2 û -1 ë2 û -0.5 ë 2 û0 ë 2 û 0.5
=ò (p - x ) f [sin(p - x )] dx
a 0.25 1 æ 0.25 ö 0.25 1 0.25
p-a =- + + ç- + 0.5÷ + 0.5 - + -
=ò (p - x) f (sin x ) dx 2 2 è 2 ø 2 2 2
a
p-a 1 3
=ò p f (sin x ) dx - I1 =2- =
a 2 2
Þ 2 I1 = p I 2 59. |x|< 1 + x2 Þ
1
>
1
2 |x| 1 + x2
Þ I 2 = I1
p 1 1 1 1
20/7 5 {x } 3-
1 \ ò0|x| dx >ò0 1 + x2
dx Þ I1 > I 2
54. ò-1/7 e dx = ò
-1/7
7 e5 {x }dx
p/ 2 p/ 2

= 3ò e
1 5 {x } 1 5x
dx = 3ò e dx [{ x } = x as 0 £ x < 1]
60. sin x > sin3 x Þ ò0 sin x dx >ò0 sin3 x dx Þ I1 > I 2
0 0
k
5 x ù1 61. I1 = ò (1 - x) f [x (1 - x)] dx
ée æ e -1ö 5
1-k
=3 ê ú =3 ç ÷
ë 5 û0 è 5 ø I1 1
Þ 2I1 = I 2 Þ =
3 2 3 2 3 I2 2
ò-2 f (x) dx =ò-2 f (x) dx + ò2f (x) dx = ò-2 e sin x dx + ò 2 dx
cos x
55.
2 2 -1 1 2

Function of Ist integral is an odd function, therefore the

62. ò-2 f (x ) dx =ò-2 (x + 2) dx + ò-1 dx + ò1 (2 - x ) dx
value of Ist integral is zero. 1 1
3 = +2+ =3
2 2
\ ò-2 f (x ) dx = 0 + 2 [x ]23 = 0 + 2 (3 - 2) = 2
1 1 Y
56. ò-1 [x sin px] dx = 2ò0 [x sin px] dx ...(i) y=x+2
[as [x sin px ] is an even function] (0, 2)
Now, 0 £ x£1
Þ 0 £ px £ p
y=1
Þ 0 £ sin px £ 1 ...(ii)
Þ 0 £ x sin px < 1
Þ [x sin px] = 0 X
(2, 0)
(–2, 0) y=2–x
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x = –1 x=1
1
ò0 [x sin px ] dx = 0
x
10
63. f (x ) = cos x - ò (x - t ) f (t ) dt
1 0
57. I = å ò0 f (r - 1 + x ) dx x
= cos x - xò f (t ) dt + ò t f (t ) dt
x
r =1
0 0
1
I t = ò f (t - 1 + x) dx x
Þ f ¢(x ) = - sin x - ò f (t ) dt - xf ( x) + x f (x )
0
0
Put t - 1 + x = y Þ dx = dy Þ f ¢¢(x ) = - cos x - f (x)
t t
It = ò f ( y) dy Þ It = ò f (x ) dx Þ f (x ) + f ¢¢(x ) = - cos x
t -1 t -1
1 2 1
20/7 3-
\ I1 = ò f (x ) dx, I 2 = ò f (x ) dx, 64. I = ò sin(x - [x]) dx = ò 7 sin({ x }) dx
0 1 -1/7 -1/7
3 10
I3 = ò f (x ) dx,..., I10 = ò f (x ) dx 1
= 3ò sin x dx = 3 [- cos x]10 = 3 (1 - cos 1 )
2 9 0
10
So, I = I1 + I 2 + ... + I10 = ò f (x ) dx p/2
0 65. Statement I I = ò cos x - cos3 x dx
-p / 2
1
58. ò-1 max ({ x },{ -x } ) dx =ò
p/2
cos x sin x dx
-0.5 0 0.5 1 -p / 2
=ò { - x }dx + ò { x } dx + ò { - x } dx + ò { x } dx p/2
-1 -0.5 0 0.5
-0.5 0 0.5
= 2ò cos x sin x dx
0
= ò (- x ) dx + ò { x - [x] } dx + ò (- x - [- x] ) dx
-1 -0.5 0 4 4
1 =- [cos3/ 2 x]p0/ 2 =
+ ò0.5 (x - [ x ]) dx 3 3
844 JEE Main Mathematics

1 4 3 2
Statement II I = ò |x - 1|dx + ò |x - 1|dx + ò |x - 3|dx 69. Given, 4a ò e- a|x|dx = 5
0 1 0 -1
4
+ ò |x - 3|dx é é x, x ³ 0ù
Þ 4a é ò eax dx + dxù = 5
0 2 - ax

1 4
3
ëê -1 ò0 e ûú êQ|x| = ê - x, x < 0ú
ë ë û
= ò - (x - 1 ) dx + ò (x - 1 ) dx
0 1
3 4 é æ eax ö 0 æ e- ax ö ù
2
+ ò - (x - 3 ) dx + ò (x - 3) dx Þ ê
4a ç ÷ +ç ÷ ú =5
0 3
êë è a ø -1 è - a ø 0 úû
= 10
66. If f (x ) is a continuous function defined on [a, b], then Þ 4[(e0 - e- a ) - (e-2a - e0 )] = 5
b Þ 4[1 - e- a - e-2a + 1] = 5
m(b - a ) £ ò f (x) dx £ M (b - a )
a Þ 4[2 - e- a - e-2a ] = 5
where, M and m are maximum and minimum values Þ 8e2a - 4ea - 4 = 5e2a
respectively of f (x) in [a , b].
Þ 3e2a - 4ea - 4 = 0
-x 2
Here, f (x ) = 1 + e is continuous on [0, 1]. 4 + 16 + 48
Þ ea = [Q ea > 0 " a Î R]
Now, 0 £ x£1 Þ x2 £ x 6
2 2 4+8
Þ ex £ ex Þ e- x ³ e- x Þ ea = = 2 Þ a = log e 2
6
Again, 0 £ x£1 2 dx
Þ x2 ³ 0 70. Given integral I = ò
2
1
2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 4
Þ ex ³ e0
1
2 Let a function f (x) =
Þ e- x £ 1 2x - 9x2 + 12x + 4
3
2
e- x £ e- x £ 1 for all x Î [0,1]
2
\ -1(6x - 18x + 12)
Then, f ¢ (x) =
2 2(2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 4)3/ 2
Þ 1 + e- x £ 1 + e- x £ 2 for all x Î [0,1]
1 1 1 3(x2 - 3x + 2)
(1 + e- x ) dx £
2
(1 + e- x ) dx £ =-
Þ ò0 ò0 ò0 2 dx
(2x - 9x2 + 12x + 4)3/ 2
3

Þ
1 1 2
2 - £ ò (1 + e- x ) dx £ 2 (x - 1)(x - 2)
= -3
e 0
(2x - 9x2 + 12x + 4)3/ 2
3
10
67. I = ò [x] × e[ x ] - x + 1 Q f ¢ (1) and f ¢ (2) are zero and f ¢ (x) is positive
0
1 2 3 10 " x Î (1, 2), so f (x) is an increasing function " x Î (1, 2),
2- x 3 -x
I = ò 0dx + ò1 1 × e + ò2 2 × e + ...... + ò9 9 × e10 - x dx so f (1) < I < f (2)
0
9 1 1
n+1 Þ <I<
Þ I= å òn n × en + 1 - x dx 2 - 9 + 12 + 4 16 - 36 + 24 + 4
n=0
1 1
9 Þ <I<
=- å n (en + 1 - x )nn + 1 3 2 2
n=0 1 2 1
9
Þ <I <
9 8
= (e - 1) ån x
n=0
71. Given limit,
ò t sin(10t )dt
lim 0
9
x®0 x
=- å n × (e0 - e1 )
n=0 On applying L’Hospital rule, we get
= 45 (e - 1) x sin(10x)
lim = 0 sin(10 ´ 0) = 0
p/ 2 x ®0 1
1
68. Given integral, I = ò dx …(i)
[on applying Newton Leibniz rule]
- p/ 2 1 + esin x
b b 2p x sin 8 x
72. Given integral is I = ò
As we know that, òa f (x)dx = ò f (a + b - x)dx, so
a 0 sin x + cos 8 x
8
dx … (i)

p/ 2 1 p/ 2 esin x On applying property,

I=ò dx = ò-p/ 2 esin x + 1 dx …(ii)
- p/ 2 1 + e- sin x a a

On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

ò0 f (x) dx =ò0 f (a - x) dx, we get
p/ 2 1 + esin x p
2p (2p - x) sin 8 x
2I = ò dx = ò
p/ 2
dx = p Þ I = I=ò dx … (ii)
- p/ 2 1 + esin x - p/ 2 2
0 sin 8 x + cos 8 x
Definite Integration 845

On adding integrals Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Now, by using the property
2p 2p sin 8 x b b
2I = ò
0 sin 8 x + cos 8 x
dx òa f (x) dx = òa f (a + b - x) dx, we get
p/4 æ 2 + x cos x ö
2p sin 8 x I=ò log e ç ÷ dx …(ii)
Þ I = pò dx -p / 4 è 2 - x cos x ø
0 sin x + cos 8 x
8

2a a On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

On applying property, ò f (x) dx = 2ò f (x)dx, p/4 é æ 2 - x cos x ö æ 2 + cos x ö ù
0 0
2I = ò ê log e ç ÷ + log e ç ÷ ú dx
if f (2a - x) = f (x), we get -p / 4
ë è 2 + x cos x ø è 2 x cos x ø û
p sin 8 x p/4 æ 2 - x cos x 2 + x cos x ö
I = 2p ò dx =ò log e ç ´ ÷ dx
0 sin x + cos 8 x
8
-p / 4 è 2 + x cos x 2 - x cos x ø
Again, if we apply the same property, [Q log e A + log e B = log e AB]
2a a p/4
if f (2a - x) = f (x), then ò f (x) dx = 2 ò f (x) dx, we get Þ 2I = ò log e (1)dx = 0
0 0 -p / 4
p/ 2 8
sin x Þ I = 0 = log e (1)
I = 4p ò dx …(iii)
0 sin 8 x + cos 8 x x
75. Given, f (x) = ò g (t ) dt
0
Now, on applying property,
a a On replacing x by (-x), we get
ò0 f (x) dx = ò0 f (a - x) dx, we get -x
f (- x) = ò g (t )dt
p/ 2 8 0
cos x
I = 4p ò dx … (iv)
0 cos 8 x + sin 8 x Now, put t = - u,
x x
On adding integrals (iii) and (iv), we get so f (- x) = - ò g (- u )du = - ò g (u )du = - f (x)
0 0
p/ 2 sin 8 x + cos 8 x
2I = 4p ò dx [Q g is an even function]
0 cos 8 x + sin 8 x
Þ f (- x) = - f (x)
p/2 æpö Þ f is an odd function.
Þ I = 2p ò dx = 2p ç ÷
0 è2ø Now, it is given that f (x + 5) = g (x)
2
Þ I=p \ f (5 - x) = g (- x) = g (x) = f (x + 5)
x 2
73. It is given, F (x) = ò t g (t )dt, then [Q g is an even function]
1
Þ f (5 - x) = f (x + 5) …(i)
F ¢ (x) = x2g (x) [by Newton-Leibniz rule] x
t Let I = ò f (t )dt
Q g (t ) = ò f (u )du 0
1
Put t = u + 5 Þ t - 5 = u Þ dt = du
Þ g(1) = 0 x -5 x -5
\ I=ò f (u + 5)du = ò g (u )du
\ F ¢ (x = 1) = 12 × g (1) = 0 -5 -5

Now, F ¢ ¢ (x) = 2x g (x) + x2g ¢ (x) Put u = - t Þ du = - dt, we get

x 5 -x 5
= 2xò f (u )du + x f (x) 2
I = -ò g (- t )dt = ò g (t )dt
1 5 5 -x
b a
1 [Q - ò f (x)dx = ò f (x)dx and g is an even function]
Now, F ¢ ¢ (1) = 2ò f (u )du + f (1) = 2 ´ 0 + 3 a b
1
[Q f (1) = 3 given] 5
I=ò f ¢(t )dt [by Leibnitz rule f ¢(x) = g (x)]
=3 5 -x

Q F ¢ ¢ (1) = 3 > 0 and F ¢ (1) = 0 = f (5) - f (5 - x) = f (5) - f (5 + x) [from Eq. (i)]

\The point x = 1 is point of local minima for the 5 5
=ò f ¢ (t )dt = ò g (t )dt
function F. 5+x 5+x

74. The given functions are p/ 2 sin3 x

76. Let I = ò dx …(i)
2 - x cos x 0 sin x + cos x
g (x) = log e x, x > 0 and f (x) =
2 + x cos x On applying the property,
p/4 b b
I=ò
Let
-p / 4
g ( f (x))dx
òa f (x)dx = òa f (a + b - x) dx, we get
p/4 æ 2 - x cos x ö p/2 cos3 x
Then, I=ò log e ç ÷ dx …(i) I=ò dx …(ii)
-p / 4 è 2 + x cos x ø 0 cos x + sin x
846 JEE Main Mathematics

On adding integrals (i) and (ii), we get 1 1 t

= ò tan -1 t dt = [t tan -1 t ]10 - ò dt
p/ 2 sin3 x + cos3 x 0 01 + t2
2I = ò dx
0 sin x + cos x [by integration by parts method]
p/ 2 (sin x + cos x) (sin 2 x + cos 2 x - sin x cos x) p 1 p 1
=ò dx = - [log e (1 + t 2)]10 = - log e 2
0 sin x + cos x 4 2 4 2
p/ 2 é 1 ù
=ò 79. Given integral
0 êë1 - 2 (2 sin x cos x)úû dx 2p
I=ò [sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
p/ 2 æ 1 ö 0
= ò ç1 - sin 2x÷ dx p
0 è 2 ø = ò [sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx +
2p

p/ 2
0 òp [sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
é 1 ù = I1 + I 2
= ê x + cos 2xú (let) ... (i)
ë 4 û0 2p
Now, I 2 = ò [sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
æp ö 1 p 1 p
= ç - 0÷ + (-1 - 1) = -
è2 ø 4 2 2 Let 2p - x = t, upper limit t = 0 and lower limit t = p
p 1 p -1 and dx = - dt
Þ I= - = 0
4 4 4 So, I 2 = - ò [- sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
f ( x) p

77. Let l = lim ò

f ( x) 2tdt ò 2t dt
= lim 6
p
= ò [- sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx …(ii)
x®2 6 (x - 2) x ® 2 (x - 2) 0
p
é0 ù \ I = ò [sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
êë 0 form, as f (2) = 6úû
0
p
+
ò0 [- sin 2x × (1 + cos 3x)]dx
On applying the L’ Hopital rule, we get
2 f (x) f ¢ (x) [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
l = lim p
x®2 1 = ò (-1) dx [Q [x] + [- x] = - 1, x ÏInteger]
0
é d f 2( x ) ù
êëQ dx òf1 ( x ) f (t )dt = f (f 2(x)) × f2¢ (x) - f (f1 (x)) × f1 ¢ (x)úû = -p
80. We know, graph of y = cos x is
So, l = 2 f (2) × f ¢ (2) = 12 f ¢ (2) [Q f (2) = 6]
f ( x ) 2 tdt Y
\ lim ò = 12 f ¢ (2), if f (2) = 6
x®2 6 x-2
1
78. Let I = ò x cot-1 (1 - x2 + x4 ) dx X¢ p X
0 O p/2
Now, put x2 = t Þ 2xdx = dt
Lower limit at x = 0, t = 0 Y¢
Upper limit at x = 1, t = 1
\ The graph of y =|cos x|is
1 1
\ I = ò cot-1 (1 - t + t 2) dt Y
y=|cos x|
2 0
1 1 æ 1 ö é -1 1 ù
= ò tan -1 ç ÷ dt
-1
êëQ cot x = tan x úû
2 0 è 1 - t + t2 ø
1 1 æ t - (t - 1) ö
tan -1 ç X
2 ò0
= X¢
÷ dt O p/2 p
è 1 + t (t - 1) ø
Y¢
1é 1
( tan -1 t - tan -1 (t - 1) dt ù
2 ëê ò0
= p p/ 2
ûú \ I = ò |cos x|3 = 2 ò |cos x|3 dx
0 0
é -1 x - y -1 -1 ù [Q y = |cos x|is symmetric about x = p / 2]
êQ tan 1 + xy = tan x - tan yú
ë û p/ 2 é é p ùù
= 2ò cos3 x dx êQ cos x ³ 0 for x Î êë0, 2 úû ú
1 1 1
Q ò tan -1 (t - 1)dt = ò tan -1 (1 - t - 1) dt = - ò tan -1 (t )dt
0
ë û
0 0 0
Now, as cos 3x = 4 cos3 x - 3 cos x
a a
because ò f (x)dx = ò f (a - x) dx 1
0 0 \ cos3 x = (cos 3x + 3 cos x)
1 1 4
So, I = ò ( tan -1 t + tan -1 t ) dt 2 p/ 2
2 0 \ I = ò (cos 3x + 3 cos x) dx
4 0
Definite Integration 847

p/ 2
1 é sin 3x ù On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’ we get
= + 3 sin xú
2 êë 3 û0 (1 + x2)(2) - (2x) (0 + 2x)
f ¢ (x) =
1 ìé1 3p p ù é1 ùü (1 + x2)2
= í ê sin + 3 sin ú - ê sin 0 + 3 sin 0úý
2 îë3 2 2 û ë3 ûþ 2 + 2 x2 - 4 x 2 2 - 2 x 2
= =
1 ìé1 ù ü (1 + x2)2 (1 + x2)2
= í ê (-1) + 3ú - [0 + 0]ý
2 îë3 û þ æ1ö
2
æ1ö
2 -2 ç ÷ 2 -2 ç ÷
é 3p æ pö p ù æ ö
1 è2ø è4ø
êQ sin 2 = sin çè p + 2 ÷ø = - sin 2 = - 1ú \ f¢ç ÷ =
è2ø æ 2ö 2
= 2
ë û æ 1ö
çç1 + æç ö÷ ÷÷
1 ç1 + ÷
1é 1 ù 4 è2ø ø è 4ø
= ê - + 3ú = è
2ë 3 û 3
1 3
p/ 2 dx 2-
81. Let I = ò = 2 = 2 =
24
- p/ 2 [x] + [sin x] + 4 2
æ ö
5 25 25
-1 dx 0 dx ç ÷ 16
=ò è4ø
- p/ 2 [x] + [sin x] + 4
+ ò-1 [x] + [sin x] + 4
2 sin 2 x
1 dx p/ 2 dx 83. Let I = ò dx
+ò +ò -2 1 é xù
0 [x] + [sin x] + 4 1 [x] + [sin x] + 4 +ê ú
2 ëpû
ì -2 , - p / 2 < x < -1
ï - 1, sin 2 x
ï -1 £ x < 0 Also, let f (x) =
Q [x] = í 1 é xù
0 £ x<1 +
ï 0, 2 êë p úû
ïî 1, 1 £ x < p /2
sin 2(- x)
ì - 1 , - p / 2 < x < -1 Then, f (- x) = [replacing x by - x ]
1 é xù
ï -1 , - 1 < x < 0 + -
and
ï
[sin x] = í 2 êë p úû
ï 0, 0 < x < 1 sin 2 x
îï 0, 1 < x < p / 2 =
1 æ é x ùö
+ ç- 1 - ê ú÷
[Q For x < 0, -1 £ sin x < 0 and for x > 0, 0 < sinx £ 1 ] 2 è ë p ûø
-1 dx 0 dx 1 dx
So, I = ò +ò +ò é ì - [x], if x Î Iù
- p/ 2 -2 - 1 + 4 -1 - 1 - 1 + 4 00+0+4 êQ [- x] = í - 1 - [x], if x Ï I úû
p/ 2 dx ë î
+ò sin 2 x
1 1+0+4 Þ f (- x) = - = - f (x)
-1 dx 0 dx 1 dx p/ 2 dx 1 é xù
=ò +ò +ò +ò +ê ú
- p/ 2 1 -1 2 0 4 1 5 2 ëpû
æ p ö 1 1 1 æp ö i.e. f (x) is odd function
= ç -1 + ÷ + (0 + 1) + (1 - 0) + ç - 1÷
è 2 ø 2 4 5 è2 ø \ I =0
æ 1 1 1ö æ p p ö é ìï 0, if f (x) is odd function ù
= ç -1 + + - ÷ + ç + ÷ a
è 2 4 5 ø è 2 10 ø êQ ò f (x) dx = í2 a f (x) dx, if f (x) is even function ú
êë -a
ïî ò0 úû
-20 + 10 + 5 - 4 5p + p
= + a
20 10 84. Let I = ò f (x) g (x) dx … (i)
0
9 3p
=- + a
20 5 = ò f (a - x) g (a - x) dx
0
3 éQ a f (x) dx = a ù
êë ò0 ò0 f (a - x) dxúû
= (4p - 3)
20
a
x 1
Þ I = ò f (x) [4 - g (x)] dx
82. Given, ò0 f (t ) dt = x2 + ò t 2f (t )dt
x
0
[Q f (x) = f (a - x) and g (x) + g (a - x) = 4]
On differentiating both sides, w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
a a
f (x) = 2x + 0 - x2f (x) = ò 4 f (x) dx - ò f (x) g (x) dx
0 0
é d é y( x ) ù d d ù a
I = 4 ò f (x) dx - I
êëQ dx ëê òf( x ) f (t )dt ûú = f (y (x)) dx y (x) - f (f (x)) dx f(x)úû
Þ [from Eq. (i)]
0
a a
2x Þ 2I = 4 ò f (x) dx Þ I = 2 ò f (x) dx
Þ (1 + x2) f (x) = 2x Þ f (x) = 0 0
1 + x2
848 JEE Main Mathematics

p/ 2 sin 2 x æ 1 1 1 ö
85. Let I = ò dx 88. lim ç + + ¼+ ÷
- p/ 2 1 + 2 x +1 n+2
n®¥ è n 6n ø
æ p p ö æ 1 1 1 ö
sin 2ç - + - x÷ = lim ç + + ¼+ ÷
p/ 2 è 2 2 ø n®¥ è n + 1 n+2 n + 5n ø
Þ I=ò dx
- p/ 2 -
p p
+ -x æ ö
1+2 2 2 5n
æ 1 ö 1 5n ç 1 ÷
= lim å ç ÷ = lim å ç
éQ b f (x)dx = b f (a + b - x)dxù n® ¥
r =1 è n + r ø
n® ¥ n
r =1 ç 1 +
r÷
÷
êë òa òa úû è nø
Q Lower limit of r = 1
p/ 2 sin 2 x 1
Þ I=ò dx \Lower limit of integration = lim = 0
- p/ 2 1 + 2 - x n® ¥ n

p/ 22x sin 2 x Q Upper limit of r = 5n

Þ I=ò dx 5n
- p/ 2 2 x + 1 \Upper limit of integration = lim =5
n® ¥ n
p/ 2 æ 2x + 1 ö From Eq. (i),
Þ 2I = ò sin 2 xç x ÷ dx 5 1
-p / 2 è2 + 1ø
ò0 1 + x dx = [log (1 + x )] 0 = log 6 - log 1 = log 6
5

p/ 2 p/ 2
Þ 2I = ò sin 2 x dx Þ 2I = 2ò sin 2 x dx
89. lim æç
- p/ 2 0 1 1 2 3n ö
+ + ... + ÷
[Q sin 2 x is an even function] n ®¥ n è n + 1 n+2 4n ø
p/ 2 æ 1 2 3n ö
Þ I=ò sin 2x dx
0 1ç n ÷
= lim ç + n + ... + n ÷
p/ 2 éQ a f (x)dx = a f (a - x)dxù n ®¥ n 1 2 3n
I=ò ç1 + ÷
ëê ò0 ò0
Þ cos 2x dx 1+ 1+
0 ûú è n n n ø
p/ 2 p æ r ö
Þ 2I = ò dx Þ 2I = [x]p0/ 2 Þ I = 1 ç 3n ÷ 3 x
0 4 = lim
n ®¥ n
å ç n r ÷ = ò0 1 + x dx
4 log x2 r = 1ç 1 + ÷
86. Let I = ò dx è nø
2 log x + log(36 - 12x + x2)
2
3 x + 1 -1 3 3 1
4 2 log x =ò dx = ò dx - ò dx
0 (1 + x ) 01+ x
=ò dx 0
2 2 log x + log(6 - x)2
= [x - log(x + 1 )] 30 = 3 - log 4
4 2 log x dx
=ò 90. Tr =
1
2 2 [log x + log(6 - x )] 2
r æ r ö
4 log x dx n ç3 + 4÷
Þ I=ò …(i) n è n ø
2 [log x + log(6 - x)]
4n
log(6 - x) 1 1 4 dx
Þ I=ò
4
dx …(ii) S=
n
å 2
=ò
0 x (3 x + 4)2
2 log(6 - x) + log x r =1 æ r ö r
ç3 + 4÷
éQ f (x)dx = f (a + b - x)dxù
b b è n ø n
êë òa òa úû 3 1
Put 3 x + 4 = t Þ dx = dt
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 2 x
4 log x + log(6 - x) 4
2I = ò dx 2 10 dt 2 æ 1 ö 2 æ1 1 ö 2 6 1
2 log x + log(6 - x) =
3 ò4 = ç ÷ = ç - ÷= × =
t 2 3 è t ø 10 3 è 4 10 ø 3 40 10
4
Þ 2I = ò dx = [x]42 n
1
2 91. We have, lim
n® ¥
å n
(n + r ) (n + 2r )
Þ 2I = 2 Þ I = 1 r =1

2 n
p æ xö p 1 1
87. ò0
x
ç1 - 2 sin ÷ dx = ò |1 - 2 sin |dx
è
= lim å (1 + r / h ) (1 + 2r / h )
2ø 0 2 n® ¥ n r =1
p/3 æ xö p æ xö 1 dx æ -1 2 ö
=ò ç1 - 2 sin ÷ dx - òp/3 ç1 - 2 sin ÷ dx =ò
(1 + x) (1 + 2x) ò è 1 + x 1 + 2x ø
è = ç + ÷ dx
0 2ø è 2ø 0

é ì x - a, x ³ aù 1
êQ| x - a|= í - (x - a ), x < a úû
é ù
= ê - log (1 + x) + log (1 + 2x)ú
ë î
ë û0
p/3 p
é xù é xù p
= ê x + 4 cos ú - ê x + 4 cos ú = 4 3 - 4 - = [(- log 2 + log 3) - (- log 1 + log 1)]
ë 2û0 ë 2 û p/3 3
= log (3 / 2)
Definite Integration 849

1
92. We have, I (m, n ) = I = ò tm (1 + t )n dt f (x ) = constant
0
m + 1 ù1 Find f ( x ) for any value of x
é t
Þ I (m, n ) = ê (1 + t )n × 1/ 2 p p 1 p
ú
ë m + 1û0 ò0 2 dx = 2 × 2 = 4
n 1
- ò (1 + t )n - 1 tm + 1dt 6. When x = 1, y = 0,
m+1 0
2n n 1 1 1
Þ I (m, n ) = - I (m + 1, n - 1 ) Slope = (3x2) - (2x) =
m+1 m+1 1+ x 6
1+ x 4 2
1 dx
93. Given, I n = ò \ 2y = x -1
0 (1 + x2 )n
9
é 1 ù 1
1 7. ò0 [ x + 2] dx
=ê × xú - ò - n (1 + x2)-n - 12x × x dx 1 4 9
2 n
ë (1 + x ) û0 0 = ò [ x + 2] dx + ò [ x + 2] dx + ò [ x + 2] dx
0 1 4
1 1 2 x2 1 4 9
= +n ò0 dx = ò 2dx + ò (1 + 2) dx + ò (2 + 2) dx
2n (1 + x2)n + 1 0 1 4

1 1 1 + x -1 2 = 2 + 9 + 20 = 31
=
2n
+ 2n ò0 (1 + x2)n + 1
dx 1 2 1 2
ò0 [x ] dx + ò1 [x2] dx = ò 0 dx + ò
2
8. 1 dx = ( 2 - 1 )
0 1
1 1 dx 1 dx
= n + 2n ò - 2n ò0
2 0 (1 + x2 )n (1 + x2)n + 1 9. x + (2 x - 1 ) = x - 1 + 1
1
Þ I n = n + 2nI n - 2nI n + 1 Þ x -2 x -1 = x -1 -1
2
1 2 5
Þ 2nI n + 1 = (2n - 1) I n + n I = ò 2dx + ò 2 x - 1 dx
2 1 2
5
é 2ù
Round II = 2 × 1 + 2 × ê (x - 1 )3/ 2 × ú
ë 3û2
1 1
1. 100ò { x } dx = 100ò { x } dx =2 +
28 34
=
0 0
3 3
100 2 1
[x ]0 = 50
10. I = ò æç tan -1 x + cot-1 ö÷ dx
2
1 1
-2 è xø
2. sin x is periodic function with period 2p 0 1
41 p/ 2 p/ 2 p/ 2+ 20 p = ò (tan -1 x + p + tan -1 x ) dx + ò (tan -1 x + tan -1 x ) dx
I=ò sin xdx = ò sin xdx + ò sin xdx -2 0
0 0 p/ 2
5p 5
p/ 2 = - 4 tan -1 2 + log
I = 0 + ò sin x dx = 1 2 2
0

4
3. 1 + x £ 1 + x , 0 £ x £ 1 2 11. cos x > sin x, "x Î (0, p / 4)
p/ 4 cos x p/ 4 sin x
1 + x4 £ 1 + x 4 £ 1 + x 2 Þ ò0 2 dx > ò
0
2 dx Þ I 2 > I1
1 1
³ 1
1 + x4 1 + x2 12. £ f (t ) £ 1 " t Î [0, 1]
3
1 dx 1 dx p 1
ò0 1+ x 4
³ò
01+ x 2
ÞI ³
4
0 £ f (t ) £ " t Î (1, 3]
2
3 1 3
x 2np x Now, g (3) = ò f (t ) dt = ò f (t ) dt + ò1 f (t ) dt
4. I = ò [sin t ] dt = ò [sin t ] dt + ò [sin t ] dt 0 0
0 0 2np
11 1 1
=nò
2p
[sin t ] dt + ò
x
[sin t ] dt = n (- p ) + 0 = - np
Q ò0
3
dt £ ò f (t ) dt £ ò 1 × dt
0 0
…(i)
0 2np
3 3 3 1
sin 2 x cos 2 x and ò 0 dt £ ò f (1) dt £ ò dt …(ii)
5. f (x ) = ò sin -1 t dt + ò cos -1 t dt 1 1 1 2
0 0
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
f ¢ (x) = sin -1 ( sin 2 x ) 2 sin x cos x
1 1
+ 0 £ g(3) £ 1 + (3 - 1)
+ cos -1 cos 2 x (-2 cos x sin x) 3 2
= sin 2x [sin -1 (sin x ) - cos -1 (cos x )] 1
£ g(3) £ 2
= sin 2x (x - x ) = 0 3
850 JEE Main Mathematics

n 100
13. We have, ò [x] dx 17.
n
å òn - 1 ex - [ x ] dx
0
n =1
1 2 3 n
= ò 0 dx + ò1 1 dx + ò2 2 dx + K + òn -1 (n - 1 ) dx 1 2 3 100
0
= ò e{x } dx + ò1 e{x } dx + ò2 e{x } dx + ...... ò e{x } dx
0 99
= 1 (2 - 1 ) + 2 (3 - 2) + 3 (4 - 3) + K + (n - 1 )
{ n - (n - 1 )} [Q { x } = x - [x]]
n (n - 1 ) x 1 ( x - 1) 2 ( x - 2) 3 ( x - 99 ) 100
=e +e +e + ...... + e
= 1 + 2 + 3 + K + (n - 1 ) = 0 1 2 99
2
n n n = (e - 1) + (e - 1) + (e - 1) + ...... (e - 1)
and ò { x } dx = ò (x - [x] ) dx = = 100 (e - 1)
0 0 2
n p/ 2 {sin 2 nx
- sin 2(n - 1 ) x }
ò0 [x] dx 18. I 2( n) - I 2( n - 1) = ò
0 sin 2 x
dx
\ n
= n -1
p/ 2 sin ( 2 n - 1 ) x × sin x
ò0 { x } dx
=ò dx
0 sin 2 x
14. We have, f æç ö÷ + x2 f (x ) = 0 Þ f (x ) = - 2 f æç ö÷
1 1 1 p/ 2 sin (2 n - 1 ) x
è xø x è xø =ò dx = I1( n)
0 sin x
cosec q ì 1 æ 1 öü
cosec q
Þ I 2( n + 1) - I 2( n) = I1( n + 1)
I=ò f ( x ) dx = ò í - 2 f çè ÷øý dx
sin q sin q
î x x þ
sin q 1 3 p/ 2 é 2x ù p/ 2 é 2x ù p é 2x ù
=ò
cosec q
f (t ) dt, where t =
x
19. ò0 sin ê ú dx = ò sin ê ú dx +
ëpû 0 ëpû
ò p/2sin êë p úû dx
cosecq
Þ I=-ò f (t ) dt = - I Þ 2 I = 0 Þ I = 0 3p/2 é 2x ù
sin q + òp sin ê ú dx
ëpû
x-1
15. We have, f (x ) = p 3p/2
x+1 = 0 + sin 1 ò dx + sin 2 ò dx
p/ 2 p
x-1 p
-1 = (sin 1 + sin 2)
æ x - 1 ö x +1 1
Þ f 2(x ) = f { f (x )} = f ç ÷ = x-1 =- 2
è x + 1ø +1 x 1 1
x+1 20. ò -1 { x2 + x - 3} dx = ò
-1
{ x2 + x } dx
æ 1 ö -1 1
Þ f 4 (x ) = f 2[ f 2(x )] = f 2ç - ÷ = =x =ò (x2 + x - [x2 + x]) dx
è xø 1 -1
-
x 1
é x3 x2 ù 0
\ g (x ) = f 1998 (x ) = f 2of 1996 (x ) =ê + ú - ò [x2 + x] dx
-
Þ g (x ) = f 2[ f 1996 (x )] ë3 2 û -1 1

5 -1
Þ g (x ) = f 2(x ) -ò 2 [x2 + x] dx
0
[Q f 1996 (x ) = {(1
f 44
of24of 4 4
43o K f )} (x ) = x] 1
1 -ò [x2 + x] dx
Þ g (x ) = - 499 times ( 5 - 1 )/ 2
x
1 æ 1ö 2 æ 5 - 1ö
1
= + 1 - 0 - 1 ç1 - ÷
ò1/ e g (x ) dx = ò 1
\ ç - ÷ dx = - [log e x]1/ e 3 è 2 ø
1/ e è x ø

1 é 1ù 2 5 -1
Þ ò1/ e g (x ) dx = - ê log e 1 - log e ú = - [0 + 1] = - 1
ë eû
=
3
+
2
5 3 5 1
16. ò -3 f (|x|) dx = ò -3 f (|x|) dx + ò3 f (|x|) dx = (1 + 3 5 )
6
3 5
p
=2ò
0
f (x ) dx + ò3 f (x ) dx 21. Since, x Î éê0, ùú Þ 1 £ 1 + sin3 x £ 2
ë 2û
= 2 é ò f (x ) dx + f (x ) dxù
1 2 3
êë 0 ò1 f (x ) dx + ò2 úû Þ
1
£
1
£1
2 1 + sin3 x
+ ìí ò f (x ) dx + ü
4 5

î 3 ò 4 f (x ) dxýþ p/ 2 1 p/2 dx p/ 2

æ 2ö
Þ ò0 2
dx £ ò
0
1 + sin x 3
£ò
0
dx
1 2 æ 9 16 ö 35
= 2 ç0 + + ÷ + ç + ÷=
è 2 2 ø è2 2ø 2 p p
Þ £I£
2 2 2
Definite Integration 851

p/4 1/ n 1/ n
22. Let I = ò [ tan x + cot x ] dx é n!ù é 1 2 3 4 nù
0 27. Let P = lim ê n ú = lim ê × × × × ú
n® ¥ën û n® ¥ë n n n n nû
p/4 sin x + cos x
=ò dx \
1é 1 2
log P = lim ê log + log + ...+ log ú
nù
0 sin x cos x n® ¥ n ë n n nû
p/4 sin x + cos x n
= 2 ò0 1 - (sin x - cos x )2
dx Þ log P = lim å
n® ¥
1
log
r
r =1 n n
Put sin x - cos x = t Þ (cos x + sin x ) dx = dt 1 1
Þ log P = ò log x dx = [x log x - x]10 = - 1 Þ P =
0 dt 0 e
\ I= 2ò Þ I = 2 [sin -1 t ]-01 x x
-1
1 - t2 28. Let f1 (x ) = y1 = ò (2 t - 5) dt and f2(x ) = y2 = ò 2 t dt
2 0
p
= 2 [0 - (- p / 2)] = Now, point of intersection means those point at which
2
2
y1 = y2 = y Þ y1 = x2 – 5x + 6 and y2 = x2
23. Let I = ò [f { g (x )}]-1 f ¢ { g (x )} { g ¢ (x )} dx On solving, we get
1
6 36
Let f { g (x )} = z Þ f ¢ { g (x )} g ¢ (x ) dx = dz x2 = x2 – 5x + 6 Þ x = and y = x2 =
5 25
when x = 1, z = f { g (1 )} æ 6 36 ö
when x = 2, z = f { g (2 )} Thus, point of intersection is ç , ÷ .
è 5 25 ø
1 f {g( 2 )} 1
\ I=ò
dz = [log z ] ff {{gg((12)})} 29. Let I=ò f (k - 1 + x ) dx
z f {g(1 )} 0
k
Þ I = log f { g (2 )} - log f { g (1 )} = 0 Þ I=ò f (t ) dt , where t = k - 1 + x
[Q g (2 ) = g (1 )] k -1
k
24. Let I = ò
p / 2 cos x
dx Þ I=ò f (x ) dx
k -1
- p / 2 1 + ex
n k

=ò
cos x
0 p/2 cos x \ å òk -1 f (x) dx
- p/ 2 1 + ex
dx + ò0 1 + ex
dx …(i) k =1
1 2 n n
On putting x = - t in Ist integral, we get =ò f (x) dx + ò1 f (x) dx + ...+ òn - 1 f (x ) dx = ò f (x ) dx
0 0

0 cos x p / 2 ex cos x d esin x 4 3 sin x 3 4 3 x2 sin x 3

ò -p/ 2 1 + ex dx = ò 0 1 + ex dx 30.
dx
f (x) =
x
Þ ò1 x
e dx = ò
1 x 3
e dx
3 2
p / 2 excos x p/2 cos x Put x = t Þ 3x dx = dt
\ I=ò dx + ò dx
0 1 + ex 0 1 + ex 64 esin t 64
f (t ) = ò dt = ò f (t ) dt = f (64) - f (1 )
p / 2 (1 + ex ) cos x
1 t 1
=ò dx On comparing, we get
0 (1 + ex )
p/2 k = 64
=ò cosx dx = [sin x]p0 / 2 = 1
0 31. Q sin -1 (cos x) + cos -1 (sin x) is periodic with period 2p ,
3 3 then
ò 0 (3 ax + 2bx + c) dx = ò (3 ax2 + 2bx + c) dx
2
25. a+ 5 p/ 2
1
òa+ 2p {sin -1 (cos x ) + cos -1 (sin x )} dx
1 3
ò 0 (3 ax ò1 (3 ax3 + 2bx + c) dx
2 2
Þ + 2bx + c) dx + p/ 2
=ò {sin -1 (cos x) + cos -1 (sin x )} dx
= ò (3 ax2 + 2bx + c ) dx 0
1 p/ 2 é -1 ì æp öü -1 ì æp öü ù
1 =ò êsin í cos çè 2 - x÷øý + cos ísin ç - x÷ý ú dx
è2 øþ û
ò0 (3 ax
2
Þ + 2bx + c ) dx = 0 0
ë î þ î
p/ 2
é 3 ax 3 2bx2 ù
1 =ò (sin -1 sin x + cos -1 cos x ) dx
0
Þ ê + + cxú = 0 p
ë 3 2 û0 p/ 2 ì x2 ü 2 p 2
= 2ò x dx = 2 í ý =
Þ a + b + c=0 0
î 2 þ0 4
26. Since, f is continuous function. p/ 2
32. I1 - I 2 = ò (cos q - sin 2 q) f (sin q + cos 2 q) dq
Let x = t - 1 0

\ dx = dt Put sin q + cos 2 q = t Þ (cos q - sin 2 q) dq = dt

1
When x tends to - 3 and 5 , then t tends to - 2 , 6. Then, I1 - I 2 = ò f (t ) dt = 0
5 6 6 1
Therefore, ò f (x ) dx = ò f (t - 1 ) dt = ò f (x - 1 ) dx \ I1 = I 2
-3 -2 -2
852 JEE Main Mathematics

p 1
33. Q sin 4 t + cos 4 t is periodic with period . Þ f (sin x ) =
2 sin 2 x
p+ x
Now, f (x + p ) = ò (sin 4 t + cos 4 t )dt æ 1 ö 2 é 1 ù
0 Þ f ç ÷ = ( 3) = 3 êë put sin x = 3 úû
x è 3ø
= ò (sin 4 t + cos 4 t ) dt 2
0
x+ p 38. Given integral ò || x - 1 | - x|dx
+ò (sin 4 t + cos 4 t ) dt 0
1 2
x
p = ò |- (x - 1) - x| dx + ò1|x - 1 - x| dx
= f (x ) + ò (cos 4 t + sin 4 t ) dt = f (x ) + f (p ) 0
0 1 2
= ò |1 - 2x| dx + ò1dx
or 0
1/ 2 1
p/ 2 æpö =ò (1 - 2x) dx + ò1/ 2 (2x - 1) dx + 1
= f (x ) + 2ò (cos 4 t + sin 4 t )dt = f (x ) + 2 f ç ÷ 0
0 è2ø
0 2kp
= [x - x2] 10/ 2 + [x2 - x] 11/ 2 + 1
34. Q I k = ò |sin x|[sin x] dx + ò |sin x|[sin x] dx 1 1
= - + 1 -1 - + + 1
1 1
-2kp 0
0 2kp
2 4 4 2
= - ò |sin x|[- sin x] dx + ò |sin x|[sin x] dx 1 3
2kp 0 = + 1 = = 1.5
2kp 2 2
= ò |sin x|([sin x] + [- sin x]) dx
0 39. The integral,
p 2
= 2 kò |sin x|([sin x] + [- sin x]) dx I = ò |2x - [3x]| dx
0 1
p
= 2 kò sin x (0 - 1 ) dx 4/3
= ò |2x - 3| dx +
5 /3 2
0
1 ò4/3 |2x - 4|dx + ò5/3|2x - 5|dx
é Q sin x > 0, x Î (0, p ) ù
= -2 k [- cos x]p0 =ò
4/3 5 /3 2
ê\ - sin x < 0, x Î (0, p )ú
ë û 1
(3 - 2x) dx + ò4/3 (4 - 2x) dx + ò5/3 (5 - 2x) dx
= -4k = [3x - x2]14/3 + [4x - x2]54//33 + [5x - x2]52/3
10 10
10 × 11 æ 16 ö æ 20 25 16 16 ö
\ å I k = -4 å k = -4 × 2
= -220 = ç4 -
è 9
- 3 + 1÷ + ç
ø è3
-
9
-
3
+ ÷
9ø
k = 1 k = 1

p/ 2|tan -1 tan x| - |sin -1 sin -1 x| æ 25 25 ö

+ ç10 - 4 - + ÷
35. ò0 |tan -1 tan x| + |sin -1 sin x|
dx è 3 9ø

3 p/ 2|tan -1
æ 20 16 25 ö æ 16 25 16 25 ö
tan x| - |sin -1 sin -1 x| = (2 + 6) + ç - - ÷ + ç- - + + ÷
+ òp/ 2 |tan tan x| + |sin -1 sin -1 x|
-1
dx è3 3 3ø è 9 9 9 9ø
21
p =8 - =8 - 7 =1
Q Integrand is discontinuous at , then 3
2 n 1
p/ 2 3 p/ 2 40. Since, ò { x}dx = n ò xdx [as n Î N , n > 1 ]
ò0 0 × dx + ò
p/ 2
0 × dx = 0 0 0
1
p é x2 ù n
Q 0 < x < ,|tan -1 tan x|=|sin -1 sin x| = nê ú =
2 ë 2 û0 2
p 3p n 1 2 3 n
and <x< ,|tan -1 tan x|=|sin -1 sin x| and ò [x]dx = ò 0 dx + ò 1dx + ò 2dx + ...+ ò (n – 1)dx
2 2 0 0 1 2 n-1

15 16 = 0 + 1(2 - 1) + 2(3 - 2)+ ....+ (n - 1)(n - (n - 1))

36. ò-1 sgn({ x } ) dx = ò0 sgn({ x - 1}) dx (by property)
n (n – 1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ...+ (n - 1) =
16 2
= ò sgn({ x }) dx
0 n n (n - 1)
Q , , 10n (n – 1) are in GP
1 1 2 2
= 16ò sgn({ x }) dx = 16ò sgn(x ) dx
0 0 1 n–1
Þ , ,10(n – 1) are also in GP [as n > 1]
1 2 2
= 16ò 1 × dx = 16 2
0
æ n -1ö
d 1 d Þç ÷ = 5(n – 1) Þ n - 1 = 20 [as n > 1]
è 2 ø
dx òsin x
37. t 2f (t ) = (1 - sin x)
dx
Þ n = 21
Þ [12 f (1 ) × (0)] - (sin 2 x ) × f (sin x ) × cos x = - cos x