Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:

A MCQs: 100 Time: 3.5 hours No Negative Marking

1. What primarily enables animals to 9. Which is the first vertebra in the

sustain their bodies against external cervical region?
forces? A) Axis
A) Muscles B) Atlas
B) Cartilage C) Lumbar vertebra
C) Skeleton D) Sacral vertebra
D) Skin 10.What type of joint allows for the
2. Which type of connective tissue is greatest range of movement?
cartilage predominantly made of? A) Hinge joint
A) Type I collagen B) Ball-and-socket joint
B) Type II collagen C) Pivot joint
C) Elastin D) Saddle joint
D) Keratin 11.What condition results from a rupture
3. Which type of cartilage is most of the intervertebral disc?
commonly found in the human body? A) Spondylosis
A) Elastic cartilage B) Sciatica
B) Fibrocartilage C) Herniated disc
C) Hyaline cartilage D) Arthritis
D) Calcified cartilage 12.Which type of bone fracture involves
4. Which of the following is NOT a the skin being pierced?
function of bones? A) Simple fracture
A) Protection of vital organs B) Compound fracture
B) Blood cell production C) Complicated fracture
C) Insulating body temperature D) Greenstick fracture
D) Mineral storage 13.What is the primary role of
5. In adults, how many individual bones osteoblasts?
form the human skeleton? A) Break down bone
A) 350 B) Maintain bone matrix
B) 206 C) Form new bone
C) 265 D) Regulate calcium levels
D) 300 14.Which type of joint is found at the
6. The axial skeleton consists of all of elbow?
the following EXCEPT: A) Hinge joint
A) Skull B) Ball-and-socket joint
B) Ribs C) Gliding joint
C) Humerus D) Pivot joint
D) Vertebral column 15.In which part of the skeleton would
7. What is the name of the bone that you find the pelvic girdle?
forms the base of the skull, enclosing A) Axial skeleton
the brain? B) Appendicular skeleton
A) Frontal C) Appendage skeleton
B) Occipital D) Cranium
C) Parietal 16.What is the term for the fibrous
D) Temporal connective tissue that connects
8. How many cranial bones comprise the muscles to bones?
human skull? A) Ligament
A) 14 B) Cartilage
B) 8 C) Tendon
C) 22 D) Fascia
D) 28

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 Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:
A
A) Fatty acids
17.What is the function of synovial fluid? B) ATP
A) Provide structural support C) Glucose
B) Lubricate joints D) Creatine phosphate
C) Store calcium 26.What happens during muscle
D) Transmit nerve signals relaxation?
18.How many pairs of ribs are there in A) Calcium ions enter the cytoplasm
the human body? B) ATP is synthesized
A) 12 C) Calcium ions are reabsorbed by the
B) 14 sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) 24 D) Myosin heads bind to actin
D) 20 27.Which muscle group opposes the
19.Which of the following bones is NOT a action of the quadriceps in knee
part of the human skull? movement?
A) Mandible A) Gluteus maximus
B) Sternum B) Hamstrings
C) Nasal C) Calf muscles
D) Zygomatic D) Hip flexors
20.What type of cartilage forms the 28.Which condition is characterized by
costal cartilages? sudden, involuntary muscle
A) Fibrocartilage contractions?
B) Elastic cartilage A) Tetanus
C) Hyaline cartilage B) Muscle fatigue
D) Dense regular cartilage C) Cramps
D) Myopathy
21.Which type of muscle is under
voluntary control? 29.The sliding filament model explains
A) Cardiac muscle muscle contraction by what process?
B) Smooth muscle A) Shortening of muscle fibers
C) Skeletal muscle B) Movement of myofibrils
D) None of the above C) Interaction between actin and myosin
filaments
22.What structural unit is responsible D) None of the above
for muscle contraction?
A) Myofibril 30.What is the primary neurotransmitter
B) Sarcoplasm that initiates muscle contraction?
C) Sarcolemma A) Norepinephrine
D) Sarcomere B) Acetylcholine
C) Dopamine
23.What component of muscle fibers D) Serotonin
stores calcium?
A) Myofibrils 31.Which disorder is characterized by
B) Transverse tubules joint inflammation?
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum A) Spondylosis
D) Mitochondria B) Arthritis
C) Sciatica
24.Which type of muscle tissue is found D) Herniated disc
in the heart?
A) Skeletal muscle 32.What type of fracture leads to
B) Cardiac muscle damage around the bone?
C) Smooth muscle A) Simple fracture
D) Connective muscle B) Compound fracture
C) Complicated fracture
D) Greenstick fracture

25.What energy source is primarily 33.Which condition arises primarily from

utilized during muscle contraction? calcium deficiency?
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 Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:
A
A) Osteoporosis C) Cartilage
B) Spondylosis D) Phosphate
C) Osteoarthritis 42.Bone cells responsible for the
D) Rheumatoid arthritis breakdown of bone tissue are called:
34.What is the main effect of tetanus on A) Osteoblasts
muscles? B) Osteocytes
A) Causes relaxation C) Osteoclasts
B) Causes weakness D) Chondrocytes
C) Causes muscle spasms 43.Which layer surrounds the bone and
D) Causes atrophy contains blood vessels and nerves?
35.The protective pads between A) Cartilage
vertebrae are called: B) Periosteum
A) Ligaments C) Endosteum
B) Intervertebral discs D) Epiphysis
C) Menisci 44.What percentage of bone mass is
D) Synovial capsules made up of inorganic matter?
36.What pain condition is associated A) 75%
with pressure on the sciatic nerve? B) 35%
A) Arthritis C) 50%
B) Sciatica D) 65%
C) Spondylosis 45.What is the role of osteocytes in bone
D) Fibromyalgia maintenance?
37.Which muscle disorder results from A) Form new bone
excessive nerve stimulation? B) Transport nutrients
A) Muscle fatigue C) Maintain mineral homeostasis
B) Tetany D) Break down bone
C) Cramps 46.Which type of bone marrow is
D) Myopathy involved in red blood cell production?
38.What causes a herniated disc? A) Yellow marrow
A) Aging B) Red marrow
B) Excessive lifting C) Spongy marrow
C) Poor posture D) Compact marrow
D) All of the above 47.Which structural bone unit is vital for
39.Joint dislocations primarily affect bone strength?
which part of the body? A) Osteon
A) Ligaments B) Lacuna
B) Muscles C) Haversian canal
C) Tendons D) Canaliculus
D) Cartilage 48.In what type of joint do bones meet
40.Which type of muscle is found in the with minimal movement?
walls of blood vessels? A) Synovial
A) Smooth muscle B) Fibrous
B) Cardiac muscle C) Cartilaginous
C) Skeletal muscle D) Ball-and-socket
D) None of the above

49.What component of bone is

responsible for its hardness?
41.What organic substance is A) Collagen fibers
predominantly found in bone? B) Inorganic minerals
A) Calcium phosphate C) Organic matrix
B) Collagen D) Bone cells

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 Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:
A
50.The process of replacing cartilage
with bone is called:
A) Endochondral ossification
B) Intramembranous ossification
C) Appositional growth
D) Osteogenesis

Answers and Explanations:

1. C) Skeleton - The skeleton provides
structural support against external
forces.
2. B) Type II collagen - Cartilage is
primarily composed of type II collagen.
3. C) Hyaline cartilage - Hyaline
cartilage is the most common type in
the human body.

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 Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:
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4. C) Insulating body temperature - 23.C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum - The
Bones do not insulate body sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium
temperature; they protect organs, in muscle fibers.
produce blood cells, and store 24.B) Cardiac muscle - Cardiac muscle is
minerals. found in the heart.
5. B) 206 - The adult human skeleton 25.B) ATP - ATP is the primary energy
consists of 206 bones. source for muscle contraction.
6. C) Humerus - The humerus is part of 26.C) Calcium ions are reabsorbed by
the appendicular skeleton, not the the sarcoplasmic reticulum - During
axial skeleton. muscle relaxation, calcium is
7. B) Occipital - The occipital bone forms reabsorbed.
the base of the skull. 27.B) Hamstrings - The hamstrings
8. B) 8 - The human skull has 8 cranial oppose the action of the quadriceps in
bones. knee movement.
9. B) Atlas - The atlas is the first cervical 28.C) Cramps - Cramps are sudden,
vertebra. involuntary muscle contractions.
10.B) Ball-and-socket joint - Ball-and- 29.C) Interaction between actin and
socket joints allow the greatest range myosin filaments - The sliding
of movement. filament model involves actin and
11.C) Herniated disc - A herniated disc myosin interaction.
results from a rupture of the 30.B) Acetylcholine - Acetylcholine is the
intervertebral disc. neurotransmitter that initiates muscle
12.B) Compound fracture - A compound contraction.
fracture involves the bone piercing the 31.B) Arthritis - Arthritis is characterized
skin. by joint inflammation.
13.C) Form new bone - Osteoblasts are 32.C) Complicated fracture - A
responsible for forming new bone. complicated fracture involves damage
14.A) Hinge joint - The elbow is a hinge to surrounding structures.
joint. 33.A) Osteoporosis - Osteoporosis arises
15.B) Appendicular skeleton - The primarily from calcium deficiency.
pelvic girdle is part of the appendicular 34.C) Causes muscle spasms - Tetanus
skeleton. causes severe muscle spasms.
16.C) Tendon - Tendons connect muscles 35.B) Intervertebral discs -
to bones. Intervertebral discs are the protective
17.B) Lubricate joints - Synovial fluid pads between vertebrae.
lubricates joints. 36.B) Sciatica - Sciatica is associated
18.A) 12 - There are 12 pairs of ribs in the with pressure on the sciatic nerve.
human body. 37.B) Tetany - Tetany results from
19.B) Sternum - The sternum is not part excessive nerve stimulation.
of the skull. 38.D) All of the above - Aging, excessive
20.C) Hyaline cartilage - Costal lifting, and poor posture can cause a
cartilages are made of hyaline herniated disc.
cartilage. 39.A) Ligaments - Joint dislocations
21.C) Skeletal muscle - Skeletal muscles primarily affect ligaments.
are under voluntary control. 40.A) Smooth muscle - Smooth muscle
22.D) Sarcomere - The sarcomere is the is found in the walls of blood vessels.
structural unit responsible for muscle 41.B) Collagen - Collagen is the
contraction. predominant organic substance in
bone.

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 Khyber Medical University- MDCAT 2024 CODE:
A
42.C) Osteoclasts - Osteoclasts break
down bone tissue.
43.B) Periosteum - The periosteum
surrounds the bone and contains blood
vessels and nerves.
44.D) 65% - Bone mass is 65% inorganic
matter.
45.C) Maintain mineral homeostasis -
Osteocytes regulate mineral
homeostasis.
46.B) Red marrow - Red marrow is
involved in red blood cell production.
47.A) Osteon - The osteon is the
structural unit vital for bone strength.
48.B) Fibrous - Fibrous joints allow
minimal movement.
49.B) Inorganic minerals - Inorganic
minerals give bone its hardness.
50.A) Endochondral ossification -
Endochondral ossification replaces
cartilage with bone.

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