Ideology and Acts Assignment
Ideology and Acts Assignment
Department: BSSE
Assignment No: 02
🧠 What is Ideology?
Ideology is a set of beliefs, values, and ideals that form the basis for economic,
political, social, or religious policy. It helps shape the direction of a nation and
provides the foundation for national identity and decision-making.
In the context of Pakistan, ideology refers to the beliefs that led to the creation of
the country — mainly the Two-Nation Theory, which asserted that Muslims and
Hindus were distinct nations with different religions, cultures, and values, and
therefore, Muslims should have a separate homeland where they could practice
Islam freely.
📜 Importance of Ideology
- Provides unity and direction to a nation
- Strengthens national identity
- Acts as a foundation for the Constitution and laws
- Motivates citizens to work for the country’s progress
- Helps maintain stability in a diverse society
Important Acts and Dates Related to the Ideological & Political Development
Year Act/Incident Brief Description
1858 Government of India Act After the War of
1858 Independence (1857),
British Crown took direct
control of India from the
East India Company.
1861 Indian Councils Act 1861 Introduced limited Indian
representation in
legislation for the first
time.
1909 Minto-Morley Reforms Allowed Indians to be
(Indian Councils Act elected to legislative
1909) councils and recognized
separate electorates for
Muslims — a key step
towards the Two-Nation
Theory.
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Introduced the concept
Reforms (Government of of diarchy, giving limited
India Act 1919) self-rule to Indians in
provinces.
1935 Government of India Act Most comprehensive
1935 act; introduced provincial
autonomy and proposed
a federal structure. It
served as the interim
constitution of Pakistan
till 1956.
1947 Independence Act 1947 Marked the creation of
Pakistan and India as
independent nations.
Pakistan emerged as a
separate state based on
Islamic ideology.
1956 Constitution of Pakistan Pakistan was declared
1956 an 'Islamic Republic'.
The first constitution
based on Islamic
principles and ideology.
1962 Constitution of Pakistan Introduced by President
1962 Ayub Khan, this
constitution emphasized
a presidential system but
retained Islamic
provisions.
1973 Constitution of Pakistan Pakistan was officially
1973 declared the 'Islamic
Republic of Pakistan'.
Islam was made the
state religion, and it
provided a parliamentary
system with Islamic
ideology at the core.
This constitution is still in
effect today (with
amendments).
🧾 Conclusion
Ideology plays a fundamental role in the development of any nation. The ideology
of Pakistan, rooted in Islam and the Two-Nation Theory, not only led to the
creation of a separate homeland but also continues to guide the constitutional
and legislative framework of the country. The various acts and constitutions over
the years reflect the journey of a nation striving to uphold its ideological
foundation while adapting to modern governance.