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Blockchain_Viva_Questions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, including its definition, key features, and components such as blocks and hash functions. It covers various concepts like public vs. private blockchains, smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, and mining, along with advanced topics like sharding and zero-knowledge proofs. Additionally, it discusses real-world applications, comparisons between ICOs and STOs, and use cases in AI, cybersecurity, supply chain management, and IoT.

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15 views

Blockchain_Viva_Questions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, including its definition, key features, and components such as blocks and hash functions. It covers various concepts like public vs. private blockchains, smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, and mining, along with advanced topics like sharding and zero-knowledge proofs. Additionally, it discusses real-world applications, comparisons between ICOs and STOs, and use cases in AI, cybersecurity, supply chain management, and IoT.

Uploaded by

hingoranipiyush5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blockchain Viva Questions and Answers

Basic and Intermediate Questions

What is Blockchain?
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that stores data in a chain of blocks. Each
block contains a list of transactions and is linked to the previous block using cryptographic
hashes. It is decentralized, immutable, and transparent.

What are the key features of Blockchain?


- Decentralization – No single authority controls the data.
- Immutability – Once data is written, it cannot be changed.
- Transparency – All participants have access to the ledger.
- Security – Data is encrypted and verified using consensus mechanisms.

What is a block in Blockchain?


A block is a container of data in the blockchain. It includes:
- A list of transactions
- A timestamp
- A hash of the current block
- The hash of the previous block
- A nonce (used in proof-of-work)

What is a hash function?


A hash function is a mathematical algorithm that converts input data into a fixed-length
string of characters, which appears random. Blockchain uses hash functions (like SHA-256)
to ensure data integrity.

What is the difference between public and private blockchain?


- Public Blockchain – Open to everyone, like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Anyone can read, write,
or participate.
- Private Blockchain – Controlled by an organization. Only authorized participants can
access or validate data.

What is a smart contract?


A smart contract is a self-executing contract with predefined rules and conditions written in
code. It automatically executes actions when conditions are met, without the need for
intermediaries.

What is consensus in Blockchain?


Consensus is the mechanism by which all nodes in a blockchain network agree on the
validity of transactions. Common consensus algorithms include:
- Proof of Work (PoW)
- Proof of Stake (PoS)
- Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)

What is mining in Blockchain?


Mining is the process of validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain in PoW-
based blockchains like Bitcoin. It involves solving complex mathematical puzzles and is
rewarded with cryptocurrency.

Can data be modified in Blockchain?


No, blockchain data is immutable. Once a block is added, it cannot be altered without
changing all subsequent blocks, which requires consensus from the majority of the network.

What are some real-world applications of Blockchain?


- Cryptocurrencies
- Supply chain tracking
- Healthcare data sharing
- Voting systems
- Digital identity verification
- Financial services

Advanced Questions

How does sharding improve blockchain scalability?


Sharding splits the blockchain into smaller parts (shards), each processing its own
transactions. This parallelization increases scalability and reduces network congestion.

What is a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP)?


A ZKP allows one party to prove they know something without revealing the actual
information. Used in privacy-focused blockchains like Zcash.

What is the Blockchain Trilemma?


It describes the challenge of achieving decentralization, scalability, and security
simultaneously—usually improving two sacrifices the third.

What is MEV (Miner Extractable Value)?


MEV is the profit a miner can gain by reordering or censoring transactions in a block. It can
lead to front-running and centralization risks.
Comparison Topics

ICO vs STO
ICO (Initial Coin Offering): Sells utility tokens, often unregulated.
STO (Security Token Offering): Sells security tokens backed by assets, regulated.

PoW vs PoS
PoW (Proof of Work): Mining-based, high energy, used by Bitcoin.
PoS (Proof of Stake): Staking-based, energy-efficient, used by Ethereum 2.0.

Blockchain Use Cases

Blockchain in AI
Ensures secure and transparent data sharing and trusted model training.

Blockchain in Cybersecurity
Provides immutable records and enhances secure identity management.

Blockchain in Supply Chain Management


Tracks goods in real-time, ensures authenticity and transparency.

Blockchain in IoT
Enables secure device communication and automated micropayments.

Quick Definitions

What is Bitcoin Mining?


The process of validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain by solving
cryptographic puzzles. Miners are rewarded with bitcoins.

What is UTXO?
UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) is the amount of digital currency left after a
transaction, which can be used as input in future transactions.

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