UNIT 2: CITY LIFE

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Choose the word from the box and write it next to the correct definition.

city-state overcrowding urban sprawl jet lag

factor lighthouse metro index

1. an independent state consisting of a city and the area around it _________________

2. an underground train system _________________
3. a system that shows the level of prices and wages, etc. so that _________________
they can be compared with those of a previous date

4. the feeling of tiredness and confusion after you fly between _________________
places that have a time difference of several hours.
5. a tower with a powerful flashing light that guides ships away _________________
from danger
6. a fact or situation that influences the result of something _________________
7. the situation when there are too many people or things in one place _________________
8. the spread of a city into the area surrounding it, oftenwithout _________________
planning
III. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. French bakers are fighting for the traditional baguette to be given UNESCO WorldHeritage .
a. site b. status c. admission d. recognition
2. The government has done nothing to resolve the over nurses’ pay.
a. conflict b.fight c.crash d. war
3. They see the outdoors as a activity, not a job opportunity.
a. exhausted b.international c. recreational d. volunteering
4. Savannah is one of the best cities for job growth.
a. part b.whole c.full d.medium-sized
5. The railway station was criticized for its lack of disabled .
a. facilities b.system c.schedule d. preparation
6. About 85 per cent of city breathe heavily polluted air.
a. villagers b. livers c. dwellers d. members
7. Dublin was a very different place in those days, like a village, not the wonderful city it is now.
a. rural b. cosmopolitan c. reliable d. pleasant
8. We are a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.
a. affording b. indicating c. considering d. conducting
9. We are looking for someone who is and hard-working.
a. hopeful b.lacked c.reliable d. smooth

10. It is difficult to the exact cause of the illness.

a. attract b.forbid c.take d. determine
11. Sacramento’s central location and low cost of living make this place a _city.
a. fabulous b.forbidden c.poor d. determining
12. How can we encourage people to get along with each other in this society?
a. considerable b. multicultural c. rural d. crashing
13. Some workers can only afford homes outside areas.
a. outskirts b.rural c.growing d. metropolitan
14. This is a top-quality product at a very price.
a. high b.costly c.affordable d. effective
IV. Complete the sentences with the suitable form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets.
1. Tokyo is one of cities in the world. (liveable)
2. You should go by train, it would be much . (cheap)
3. Universal Studios is by far place to visit in Singapore. (good)
4. The price of electronic devices in Vietnam is not that inJapan.
(reasonable)
5. Today is day I’ve had in a long time. (bad)
6. Your team is much today than last week. (lucky)
7. Of the four participants, Bill is experienced. (little)
8. I didn’t want to wake anybody up, so I came in I could. (quietly)
9. I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even a lot today. (far)
10. Singapore is the second destination in Asia. (popular)
V. Complete the text with the most suitable form of the adjectives in brackets. Add the when
necessary.
New York City (NYC) is considered as one of (1) (good) places to livein the
world. The city of New York is (2) (densely populated) in the US witha
population of about 8.55 million spread over an area of 305 square miles. Although NewYork and San
Francisco are probably two of (3) (iconic) cities in America,the former
seems to attract more tourists thanks to a wide range of landscapes and activities it offers. In addition, its
standard of living is also a strong point. It’s hard tobelieve, but rent is actually (4)
(cheap) than other cities. It’s a fun fact thatcity life isn’t just (5) (good), it’s (6)
(lengthy): NYC residentslive about two years (7) (long) than the
national average. Remarkably, NYChas the second (8) (large) Jewish population in the
world – a massiveinfluence on the city’s identity. This is the city that most people surveyed said they
would want to visit this year.
VI. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. Real Madrid is not as good as Real Zaragoza.
→ Real Zaragoza is_____________________________________________________________________
2. He thinks no language in the world is more difficult than Chinese.
→ He thinks Chinese is__________________________________________________________________
3. He is the tallest boy in his class.
→ No one in__________________________________________________________________________
4. She sings better than anybody else in the class.
→ She is _____________________________________________________________________________
5. Munnar is prettier than most other hill stations in India.
→ Munnar is__________________________________________________________________________
6. Mary thinks Melbourne is the most “liveable” city in Australia.
→ Mary thinks Melbourne_______________________________________________________________
7. Lifestyle in Malaysia is the same as Thailand.
→ Lifestyle in Malaysia is_______________________________________________________________
8. Beijing is much busier than Ho Chi Minh City.
→ Ho Chi Minh City isn’t________________________________________________________________
VII. Complete the sentences with correct form of verbs.
1. People tend (think) that the problem will never affect them.
2. My parents advised me (learn) English as soon as possible.
3. Many young people spend the whole day (play) online games.
4. It took me a whole day (travel) to Dalat last week.
5. I can’t see the attraction of (sit) on a beach all day.
6. A positive aspect of education is that it contributes to (confirm) one’s identity.
7. I like to listen to the birds (sing) when I get up early in the morning.
8. The team has tried their best (perform) in the final round.
9. Do the plants need (water) every day?
10. If you can, please (give) me more information about the kids club at
A1Raha Beach Hotel.
VIII. Use a phrasal verb from the list to replace the words underlined.
 went on go over got on with getting over look forward to
think over came across knock down looked after turned down

1. She’s never had a good relationship with her sister.

2. Maria is slowly recovering from her illness.
3. I found this article while I was doing my project.
4. Could you examine this report and correct any mistakes?
5. He refused the job because it sounded boring.
6. She continued talking about her trip although everyone found it tiring.
7. I need some time to consider his proposal.
8. My mother says she’s feeling happy and excited about meeting you.
9. The city is going to destroy the old train station and build a new library.
10. Our neighbourtook care of our cats while we were away.
IX. Choose the correct verb from the box to complete each phrasal verb. Make an changes if
necessary.

set cheer pull find dress

take turn turn go get

1. Kate and her partner are up their own printing business.

2. Many of those old buildings will soon be down.
3. The weather became so bad that they had to back.
4. You’d better get dressed and up. The guests are coming any minute.
5. One of the actors was unwell and couldn’t on with the performance.
6. They were up in old sheets, pretending to be ghosts.
7. Please your shoes off before entering the temple.
8. We may never out the truth about what happened.
9. It’s taken me ages to over the flu.
10. Richard had up on Christmas Eve with Tony.
X. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. Despite the high cost living, London is a great place to live.
2. There has been an increase the number of tourists visiting Thailandthese days.
3. City dwellers are more likely to suffer stress and anxiety than peoplewho live
in the countryside.
4. West Indian culture has had a big influence me.
5. It took a long time for the British economy to recover the effects ofthe war.
6. The historic city Melaka is 122 kilometers Kuala Lumpur.
7. West Hampstead has a variety good shops and supermarkets.
8. The hotels were packed tourists during high season.
II. Write questions for the underlined parts.
1. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: The capital of Korea is Seoul.
2. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: Seoul is located in the northwest corner of South Korea.
3. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: Seoul was founded as the capital of Korea in 1394.
4. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: The population of Seoul is about 9.8 million.
5. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: The weather in Seoul is warm and humid in the summer but cold and snowy inthe winter.
6. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: There are 27 bridges across Han River throughout the city.
7. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: N Seoul Tower is the best attraction in Seoul.
8. A:________________________________________________________________________________
B: K-pop appeals to youngsters because of its unique, quirky costumes, dance moves and catchy
songs.
D. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.

salary enact standard dealt

material accommodation attract number

With the socioeconomic development, more and more cities around the world have been(1) with
the shortage of housing. These day, there are a large (2) of laborers flooding into city centers to
search for suitable jobs with highlevel of (3) . As a result, the demand of the (4)
has risen significantlythan ever before because the demands outweigh the supplies.
Moreover, most peoplewould like to live in cities because they have a higher (5) of living than
thatof the countryside. Obviously, with stable and high income of the employees, they wouldhave a better
cultural life as well as (6) life in cities.
To address this social problem, governments should call for investment in thecountryside to (7)
labor forces. In addition, they also need to put an effort intoraising a great deal of money
to build more skyscrapers to meet demands of housing and(8) a law that sets strict
conditions to work and to live in cities.
III. Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.
Life in the big city is face-paced, fun and exciting. There are countless job opportunities and activities
to occupy your time. However, with the good, there also comes the bad. Although the big city has more
job opportunities; there are also more people competing for a single job. This can make your job search
frustrating. Oddly enough, you will see hundreds, if not thousands of jobs available each week, but you
still might remain unemployed, especially when the economy is down. In addition, the cost of living is
typically higher in big cities, and it can cost you an arm and a leg for a small apartment in a decent area
of the city, not to mention other costs to fulfill your basic demands. Diversity is a good thing, but the
amount of people can be a bit overwhelming if you are not accustomed to it. There will always be crowds
and always be people around. Moreover, traffic can be a nightmare in the big city. It can get so bad that it
can turn you into an evil person. If you hate driving in traffic, then the big city life is not for you. Heavy
traffic also contributes to the pollution, which is one of the biggest disadvantages of living in the city.
Obviously, our health is affected most with certain diseases relating to respiratory system and other body
parts. A lot of premature deaths are supposed to be the result of long-termexposure to small particles.
Most importantly, there is always more crime in a big city, causing you second case your decision for
living in a big city. You are much more likely to be a victim of a crime living in a big city than in a small
town.
1. According to the passage, some good things of living in the city are .
a.excellent educational system and recreational activities
b.excellent educational system and countless job opportunities
c.countless job opportunities and activities to occupy your time
d.a lot of kinds of entertainment and shopping centers
2. While big cities have more job opportunities, it also give .
a.more competition for a single job
b.higher salary
c.growing economic crisis
d.greater chances of being unemployed
3. What does the phrase “cost an arm and a leg” mean?
a. your legs and arms have good value b. cost a small amount of money
c. you must work hard to earn money d. cost a lot of money
4. According to the paragraph, city is not a perfect place for .
a. extroverted people b. introverted people
c. people who hate driving in traffic d. people who prefer a busy life
5. In the big city, people tend to when traffic is getting heavy.
a. go crazy b. get enough time to relax
c. wait a bit longer d. slow down themselves
6. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
 a.Pollution causes health problems.
b.Cities are always crowded.
c.It costs a lot of money to live in a big city.
d.Crime is not a serious problem in big cities.
E. WRITING
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.
1. I’ve never had to wait this long for a bus before.
→ This is ____________________________________________________________________________
2. Remember to take note of what the tour guide said.
→ Remember to put____________________________________________________________________
3. It took us more than 3 hours to discover the inner Hanoi.
→ We spent __________________________________________________________________________
4. No other book is more popular than Dickens’ “David Copperfield”.
→ Dickens’ “David Copperfield” is ________________________________________________________
5. Why don’t you consider our suggestion before making official decision?
→ Why don’t you think _________________________________________________________________
6. Watching TV is not as important as doing homework.
→ Doing homework ____________________________________________________________________
7. My friend plays piano brilliantly.
→ My friend is ________________________________________________________________________
8. I find most of the young men of my own age so boring.
→ I feel______________________________________________________________________________

TEST FOR UNIT 21

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. childhood b. champagne c. chapter d. charity
2. a. culture b. popular c. regular d. fabulous
3. a. conflict b. forbidden c. reliable d. determine
4. a. lighthouse b. heritage c. hotel d. hour
5. a. conducts b. returns c. wanders d. wonders
II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others.
1. a. negative b. determine c. forbidden d. attraction
2. a. access b. wander c. conduct d. asset
3. a. cosmopolitan b. communication c. multicultural d. metropolitan
4. a. acceptable b. affordable c. reliable d. fashionable
5. a. skyscraper b. populous c. financial d. fabulous
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Every time I fly to the United States, I get really bad .
a. asthma b. jet lag c. confusion d. recreation
2. Leave the ironing - I’ll do it later.
a. for the time being b. from time to time c. in any time d. in the nick of time
3. These factors contribute making city life more difficult for its residents.
a. in b.with c.to d. on
4. Tower blocks from the 60s and 70s could be after Grenfell Tower fire.
a. got down b.let down c.turned down d. pulled down
5. The trip to the National Gallery has been until next Friday.
a. put off b.looked into c. turned up d. found out

6. The street food in Hoi An is delicious and .

a. available b.fabulous c.affordable d. fascinating
7. “Thanks for giving me a ride to work today.”
“ I was heading this direction anyway.”
a. You don’t need to. b. Yes, thanks. c. No worries. d. I’d love to.
8. “ ?” “Everything is fine. How about you?”
a. How old are you? b. How’s it going?
c. What’s your life? d- What’s the matter?
9. Life in Ho Chi Minh City is than we thought at first.
a. far the busier b. the more busier c. much more busy d. much busier
10. Of the cities we surveyed, Singapore was the worst rated by its residentsfor culture.
a. a bit b. a lot c. much d. by far
V. Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. Summer (really/ not begin) in Rio de Janeiro until late November.
2. What tends (happen) is that the poorest families end up in theworst housing.
3. They told me they (go) on a trip to Pattaya the previous summer.
4. The Statue of Liberty (originally/ design) for the Suez Canal in Egypt
5. Many scientists (still/ search) for life in other parts of the universe.
6. He (visit) Paris three times this year.
7. The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
8. As soon as Daddy and Jonathan finish (get) dressed, we’ll go to
theamusement park.
VI. Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Hoi An is known as the centre for very custom-made clothing. (afford)
2. He was a very and honest man who would never betray anyone. (rely)
3. Toronto is officially named the most city in Canada. (culture)
4. The town’s most popular is the Marine Science Museum. (attract)
5. The Province Of Luxemburg is the largest and least of the nineprovinces of
Belgium. (populate)
6. The illustration shows examples of dress in the late 1840s. (fashion)
7. The disease spread quickly among the poor slum of the city. (dwell)
8. I often think of the time we had all together in Boston last spring. (please)
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate that underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following questions.
1. Last year, 16% of the EU population (75 million people) suffered with material andsocial deprivation.
A B C D
2. What buildings are being demolish to make way for the development?
A B C D
3. In terms of GDP rankings,New York is the most secondwealthiest city in the world.
A B C D
4. Operated between 06:00 and 24:00, KL monorail trains arrive once every five minutes during peak
A B C D
traveling hours.
5. It’s by far more expensive if you hire car for discovering Kuala Lumpur.
A B C D
6. The spectacular Royal Palace of the Imperial City is one of Hue’s main tourist attraction.
A B C D
7. She remained calmly and waited till he had finished shouting at her.
A B C D
8. Martin was chosen because she is a good administrator who gets along for everyone.
A B C D
IX. Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.
Tokyo is Japan’s capital and largest city. It’s also one of the largest cities in the world.(1)
in 1457, Tokyo has grown into a major part of a (2) region that alsoincludes the
cities of Yokohama and Kawasaki. The metropolitan region, also knownas Greater Tokyo, has over 30
million residents, (3) makes it one of the largestmetropolitan areas in the world.
Tokyo today is a very welcoming metropolis. Tourists (4) about the street, taking in Japanese
culture. Hundreds of shrines and temples adorn the city. Shinto andBuddhism are the major (5)
 of Japan. Tourists can also experience Japanesecuisine. There are thousands of restaurants (6)
Tokyo. You can choose from noodle shops, sushi bars, or even McDonald’s with special Japan-(7)
items foundonly in Japan.
If you ever have the chance to visit Japan, make sure you stop in Tokyo for (8) a few days.
1. a. Found b. Founded c. Founding d. Finded
2. a. metropolitan b. influence c. attractive d. complex
3. a. what b. which c. that d. this
4. a. run b. show c. drive d. roam
5. a. provinces b. attractions c. festivals d. religions
6. a. at b. in c. on d. of
7. a. inspire b. inspiring c. inspired d. inspiration
8. a. at time b. at all c. at least d. at first
X. Read the text then answer the questions.
Toronto is one of the world’s most multicultural cities. Almost half of its population are immigrants.
You’ll hear more than 140 languages and dialects spoken on the streets in this “City of Neighborhoods”.
It’s the most populous city in Canada (more than 5 million in the Greater Toronto Area) and the province
of Ontario’s economic engine. Toronto’s motto is “Diversity Our Strength”. Toronto prides itself on its
wide range of cultures, languages, food and arts.
Visit Toronto, and one of the first things you’ll notice is that the city’s appeal lies in its citizens’
friendliness: ask for directions, and you’ll be helped. Along with its highly artistic culture and fascinating
museums that proudly display the country’s history, it’s clear that a Toronto trip has something for
everyone.
Although Toronto’s climate is partially moderated by its Great Lakes location, it is more extreme than
Bordeaux’s and Christchurch’s, with somewhat hotter summers and considerably colder winters.
Summertime in Toronto is festival time. Just about every weekend, and some weekdays, you’ll find one
happening. If crowds aren’t your thing, avoid Caribana festival (July 28 through July 31), when the city
greets more than one million visitors.
1. Where is Toronto?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the population of the Greater Toronto Area?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What makes Toronto proud of itself?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is one of the first things in Toronto that appeals tourists?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which of Toronto proudly displays the country’s history?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. How is the climate in Toronto?
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. When is the festival time in Toronto?
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. How many visitors does the city greet in Caribana festival?
__________________________________________________________________________________
XI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word in capital.
1. This gym is less convenient than the one near my house. (AS)
→ This gym___________________________________________________________________________
2. Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain in the world. (HIGHEST)
→ Mount Everest______________________________________________________________________
3. His writings have influenced modern Christian theology. (BEEN)
→ Modern Christian theology ____________________________________________________________
4. The group plans to establish an import business. (SET)
→ The group plans to ___________________________________________________________________
5. His father is the most capable man in the office. (MORE)
→ No other___________________________________________________________________________
6. The product quickly made an impact on the market. (INFLUENCE)
→ The product quickly__________________________________________________________________
7. Jonah had obviously made an effort to put on smart clothes for the occasion. (UP)
→ Jonah had obviously made an effort to____________________________________________________
8. Losing weight is not so easy as putting on weight. (DIFFICULT)
→ Losing weight_______________________________________________________________________