CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design

In this research, the researcher used quantitative approach. Sugiyono

stated that Quantitative is an approach that relies less on interviews, observation,

questionnaires, focus groups, subjective reports and case studies but is much more

focused on the collection and analysis of numerical and statistical data. 1 The

design of this research was experimental research.

Experimental research was a systematic and scientific approach in which

researcher manipulated one or more variables, controls, and measure any change

in other variables.2 There are four kinds of experimental research; they are Pre-

experimental design, True experimental design, Factorial design, and Quasi

experimental design.3

In this research, the researcher used the quasi experimental design.

Therefore, the class consists of two, one group for the experiment group and

another for the control group. The researcher gave treatment for experimental

group, while in control group the researcher just gave treatment by using

conventional method. After having treatment of both groups were given a post

test. Finally, the results of the post-test were compared using the t-test, because

1
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif R ¿ D ,(Bandung: Alfabeta,
2007). p. 107

2
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian; Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, (Jakarta: Rineka
Cipta, 2006). p. 37

3
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian...., p. 73

33
 34

the quasi-experimental design is stated to look for causation between object of

research.

3.2 Population and Sample

a) Population

Population is the totality of each element to be studied which has the

same characteristics, it can be individuals from a group, event, or something to be

studied.4 The population of the research was the seventh grade of MTsN 2

Lhokseumawe. There were four classes which total of 92 students. Class VII-1

consist of 25 students, class VII-2 consist of 25 students, class VII-3 consist of 21

students, and class VII-4 consist 21 students.

b) Sample

Sample is a part that is chosen for population numbers.5 Sample of this

research was taken from the population numbers above. To take the sample, the

researcher took two groups of four groups by using simple random sampling of

seventh grade of MTsN 2 Lhokseumawe by using lottery techniques. The VII-3

was experimental group and class VII-4 was control group. Experimental group

consisted of 21 students and the control group consisted of 21 students. So, the

total number of the sample was 42 students.

3.3 Research Procedure

4
Handayani and Ririn, Metodologi Penelitian Sosial, (Yogyakarta: Trussmedia Grafika,
2020), p. 69
5
Sudjana, Metode Statistika, Edisi Keenam, (Bandung: Tarsito, 2009), p. 6
 35

This research was conducted in three stages, namely pre-test, treatment,

and post-test.

a) Pre-test

The researcher gave pre-test for both groups. The pre-test was given to

know their basic abilities in mastering English vocabulary. In the pre-test,

students were asked to answer questions individually.

b) Treatment

Treatment was given for three meetings. The researcher applied YouTube

video media in teaching vocabulary for the experimental group and

teaching vocabulary using conventional methods for the control group.

For the experimental class, the researcher taught them about vocabulary

using YouTube videos.

In the first meeting, the teacher prepared a YouTube video about "things in

the classroom". The teacher explained the procedures in the learning process, then

the teacher played the video. In the learning process the teacher stops the video

clip to explain the meaning of the vocabulary. The teacher sets reflection time for

the students and translates the video vocabulary in that scene. The teacher asks the

students to remember the vocabulary in the video, then the teacher gives

assignment to students in small groups to identify whether the video is a countable

or uncountable noun.

In the second meeting, the teacher prepared a YouTube video about “part

of the house”. In this meeting, the teacher did same activities to the previous

meetings. First, the teacher explains the procedures in the learning process, then
 36

the teacher plays the video. In the learning process the teacher stops the video clip

to explain the meaning of the vocabulary. The teacher assigns reflection time to

students and translates the vocabulary video in the scene. The teacher asks

students to remember the vocabulary in the video, then the teacher gives students

a task in small groups to identify whether the video is a countable noun or an

uncountable noun.

In the third meeting, the teacher prepared a YouTube video about

"animal". Firstly, the teacher explained the procedure in the learning process, then

the teacher played the video. In the learning process, the teacher stops the video

clip to explain the meaning of vocabulary. The teacher gives reflection time to the

students and translates the vocabulary video. The teacher asks the students to

remember the vocabulary in the video, then the teacher shows the countable and

uncountable noun practice video and assigns the students in small groups to

identify which one is countable and uncountable and then present it in front of the

class.

c) post-test

after giving the treatments, the researcher gave post-test to both groups.

Post test was given to know the student's development in mastering

vocabulary after getting the treatments.

3.4 Data Collection Technique

The researcher did a test to both classes, experimental and control group.

Test is a method of measuring a person ability, knowledge, or performance in a

given domain.6 The type of the used by the researcher is multiple choice test.

There are two kinds of test in this research, as follows:

a) Pre-test

pre-test was given before treatment. The researcher gave pre test for both

groups. Pre-test was used to find the student’s achievement in each class. The

students were asked to answer the same questions which consist of 20 questions in

multiple choice. This activity took 40 minutes the applied in the classroom. The

question is given a test in the form of multiple choices.

b) Post-test

After giving the treatment, the researcher gave a post-test to both groups

to see the effect of the treatment especially to see the effect of YouTube videos in

teaching vocabulary, whether YouTube video media is effective in teaching

vocabulary or not. The result scores of both groups was compared.

3.5 Research Instrument

Research instrument is a device used by the researcher while collecting

data to make work become easier and get a better result, complete and systematic

in order to make the data easy to be processed. 7 This research instrument was a

test. The test used multiple choices. It consists of 20 items to assess the students’

vocabulary that consists of pre-test and post-test. The pre-test and post-test

contain 20 questions. So, each question has 5 scores. The maximum score is 100.

6
H. Douglas Brown, Languange Assesment Principles and Classroom Practices,
(California: Longman, 2003), p. 3

7
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Suatu Penelitian Pendekatan Praktek, Edisi Revisi Kelima
(Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2002), p. 136
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3.6 Data Analysis Technique

According to sugiyono, data analysis is the process of systematically

searching and arranging the data collected and other materials that you accumulate

your own understanding of them and to enable you present what you have

discovered to others.8 After obtaining the data, further research to test a

prerequisite to know the homogeneity and normality data.

a) Homogenity test

Homogenity test is useful to know whether the sample from this study

originates from the same population. So, the generalization of this result would

apply, also for population by using the formula as pointed out by Sudjana:

h ig h est variance
f=
lowest variance

With the provisions, if the value of f score ¿ f tables, so variance is

homogeneous.9

b) Normality Test

Normality test is very useful to know whether the sample drawn from a

normal population or not, assuming it is normal to the sample data can be

justified. For example, there are a observations x1, x2, x3, x4, ....... xn made with the

transformation raw numbers:

xi −x
Z Score =
S

Where:

8
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif R ¿ D ..., p. 334

9
Sudjana, Metode Statistika, (Bandung: Tarsito, 2009), p. 250
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Zscore = Interval of class limitation

x = Average of score

xi = class limitation

S = Standard deviation.10

In order to be able to check the normality of the data, the researcher used

lilifors formula because the data research is a single data.

| F ( z i) – S ( z i)|

Then, take the biggest one among the absolute amounts of them, by LO

and compare it with the critical L, the pre-requirement is LO< L, so the data

distribute normally.

After finding that data was homogenous and normality, the researcher

used t-test to examine the hypothesis, for this purpose, the researcher needed

frequency table with the following step distribution. After collecting data, the

researcher analyzed the data by using statistical formula. That was t- test for

accomplishing to the t-test formulation, we had to concern about mean, standard

deviation and variance.

1. Mean

Mean is the average scores of the students. It is symbolized by x . It could

be obtained by using the following formula.

∑ xi
x=
n

Where:

x = Mean

10
Sudjana, Metode, p. 67-95
 40

∑x = Number of score

n = Number of students.

2. Standard deviation.

Standard deviation is a measurement of variability calculation from the

mean to obtain the standard deviation from each score from both experimental and

control students.

S¿ √ n ∑ x i2 −¿ ¿ ¿

Where:

S : The standard deviation.

x : The total score of each deviation

n : The number of samples.

3. Variance

To determine alliance or variance from two populations, the researcher

used formula as follows:

S2=n ∑ x i2−¿ ¿

Where:

S2 = The variance

x = The total score

n = The number of samples.11

4. t– test

11
Anas Sudjono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, First Edition, (Jakarta: PT Raja
Grafindo Persada, 2005), p.39
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t- test used in order to investigate the significant differences between the

two means of the two classes. To test research hypothesis, the t- test will be

utilized by using the following formula:

x 1−x 2
t=
Sgab
√ 1 1
+
n1 n2

Where:

t = The significant difference between two means.

x 1 and x 2 = The mean of each group (experimental and control)

S = Standard deviation

n1 and n2 = the number of experimental and control class students.12

The pre-requirement come from the list of distribution t by freedom

degree with (df) = (n1+¿ n2−¿2), in significant α =0.05 .So the criteria in order to

decide is accept Ha if tscore > ttable and reject HO if tscore < ttable..

12
Ibid., p. 138