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EDX-IGCSE-Mathematics(A)-Number 6-Handouts(Done)

This document is a handout for IG Mathematics A covering concepts of direct and inverse proportion, fractional indices, and negative indices. It includes definitions, examples, and exam practice questions to reinforce understanding of these mathematical principles. The learning objectives focus on recognizing and applying these concepts in various scenarios.

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7 views

EDX-IGCSE-Mathematics(A)-Number 6-Handouts(Done)

This document is a handout for IG Mathematics A covering concepts of direct and inverse proportion, fractional indices, and negative indices. It includes definitions, examples, and exam practice questions to reinforce understanding of these mathematical principles. The learning objectives focus on recognizing and applying these concepts in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

zchengwx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

Number 6
Handout for www.alevels.com.cn

• Direct Proportion

• Inverse Proportion

• Fractional Indices

• Negative Indices

• Exam Practice: Number 6

————————————————————————————————————————
Learning Objectives

• (1) Recognise and use direct proportion


• (2) Use index laws to simplify numerical expressions involving negative and fractional indices
• (3) Recognise and use inverse proportion
————————————————————————————————————————

1. Direct Proportion

If two quantities are in direct proportion, then when one is multiplied or divided by a number, so is
the other.

Example 1

The cost of a phone call is directly proportional to its length. A three-minute call costs $4.20.

(a) What is the cost of an eight-minute call? (b) A call costs $23.10. How long is it?

—————————————————————————————————————————————

If two quantities are in direct proportion:

• when one is multiplied or divided by a number, so is the other


• their ratio stays the same as they increase or decrease
• the graph of the relationship will always be a straight line through the
origin.

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EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

2. Inverse Proportion

Example 2

The emergency services are planning to pump out a ooded area. The number of pumps needed,
n, is in inverse proportion to the time taken in days, t. It will take 6 days using two pumps.

（a） How long will it take using 4 pumps?

（b) How many pumps are needed to do the job in 2 days?

—————————————————————————————————————————————

When two quantities are in inverse proportion:

• the graph of the relationship is a reciprocal graph


• one quantity increases at the same rate as the other quantity
decreases, for example, as one doubles (× 2) the other halves
(÷ 2)
• their product is constant.

3. Fractional Indices

The laws of indices can be extended to fractional indices.

Example 3
1 2
Work out : (a) 8 3 , (b) 8 3

—————————————————————————————————————————————

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fl
EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

Example 4
3

( 25 )
3 4 2
Work out : (a) 272 , (b)

—————————————————————————————————————————————

• Use the rules:

1 n
xm = x
n n
x n = ( x)n = xn

• Or, write the numbers in prime factor form rst.

4. Negative Indices

The rules of indices can also be extended to work with negative indices.
1 1
In an earlier number chapter you used 10−2 = 2 ,10−3 = 3 and so on.
10 10
This also works with numbers other than 10.

Example 5

1
Show that: (a) 2−2 = , (b) 2∘ = 1
22

—————————————————————————————————————————————

Example 6

−3

(3)
−2

( 81 )
−2 2 16 4
Work out: (a) 8 3, (b) （c)

—————————————————————————————————————————————

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fi
EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

−n 1
•x = for any number n , x ≠ 0
x−

• (y)
−n

(x)
n
x 1 y
= n = , x, y ≠ 0
(y)
x

−1 1
•x = ,x ≠0
x

• x 0 = 1,x ≠ 0

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EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

5. Exam Practice: Number 6 (Total 25 marks)

1. The cost of fuel is directly proportional to the volume bought.

(a) Copy and complete the table.


(b) Find the formula connecting C and v. [4]

2. Oliver nds that the number of pages of homework he writes is inversely proportional to the

loudness of his music. When the volume control is set at 12 he writes 4 pages.

（a) If the volume control is set at 16, how many pages will he write?

(b) Oliver needs to write 6 pages to keep his teacher happy.

What volume control setting should he use? [4]

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EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

3. Work out

( 27 )
1 1 3 8 3 3
(a) 64 2 (b) 64 3 (c) 32 5 (d) (e) 9 2

( 4) (3)
−1

(2)
−3
3 1 2 1 3
(f) 16 2 (g) 2 (h) 3−4 (i) (j)

−1 −3

( 36 ) ( 16 )
−1 −2 1 2 81 4 −1
(k) 27 3 (l) 8 3 (m) (n) (o) 1 ÷ 16 4

−1 −2
(p) 16 2 ÷ 64 3

Solve for x

( 27 )
x
8 3
(q) =
2

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EDXEXCEL IG Mathematics A Number 6

END

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