COMPUTER SCIENCE

Class : XI - XII

“… It is unworthy of excellent men to lose hours like slaves in the labour of calculation which
could safely be regulated to anyone else if machines were used … “ said Leibnitz in the beginning of
seventeenth Century.

Farsighted vision, in-depth study accompanied by target- oriented effort of such torch
bearers have ushered in an age of computers.

Be it Science or Engineering, medical world or launching Space Shuttlers, Study of Universe

or global communications, Research and Development of Edutainment – the core ingredient is
computer.

Learning Objectives :

1. To understand the problem statement.

2. To develop logic for problem solving.
3. To understand the concept of Object Oriented Methodology.
4. To implement Object Oriented Programming using C++.
5. To understand the concept of working with Relational Database.
6. To understand the basic concept of algebra of logic.
7. To understand and explore the world of communication and networks.

Competencies :

The student will be proficient in the following :

1. Identification of Computer System.

2. Categorization of parts of an objective system.
3. Problem Solving.
4. Designing an effective logic using object oriented approach for solution development.
5. Database handling.
6. Logic Circuit designing.

Class - XI (Theory)
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks : 70

Unit No. Unit Name Marks

1. Computer Fundamentals 06
2. Programming Methodology 10
3. Introduction To Programming C++ 44
4. Computer System Oraganisation 10
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 COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIT - 1 : Computer Fundamental

 Evolution of Computers; Basics of computer and its operation : Functional Components and their
inter-connections, concept of Booting, Use of Operating System for directory listing, hierarchical
directory structure, remaining, deleting files/folders, formatting floppy, copying files, concepts
of path and pathname, switching between tasks, installation/removal of applications.
Software Concepts :-
Types of Software : System Software, Utility Software and Application Software.
System Software : Operating System, Compilers, Interpreters and Assembler.
Operating System : Need for operating system, Function of Operating System (Process
Management, Memory Management, File Management and Device Management), Types of
Operating System Interactive (GUI based), Time Sharing, Real Time And Distributed ; Commonly
used Operating Systems Solaris, UNIX, LINUX, Mac OS, MS Window;
General Functionalities of an Operating System to be illustrated and implemented using any of
the above Operating Systems.

UNIT - 2 : Programming Methodology

 General Concepts ; Modular approach ; Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions, Use of proper
Names for identifiers, Comments, Indentation; Document and Program Maintenance; Running
and Debugging programs, syntax Errors, Run-Time Errors, Logical Errors;
Problem Solving Methodology and Techniques : Understanding of the problem, Identifying
minimum number of inputs required for output, Step by step solution for the problem, breaking
down solution into simple steps, Identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for
solution, Using Control Structure : Conditional control and looping (finite and infinite).

UNIT - 3 : Introduction of Programming in C++

 “Object Oriented Technology is regarded as the ultimate paradigm for the modeling of
information, be that information data or logic. The C++ has by now shown to fulfill this goal.”
Programming by Example in C++ Language :
C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators), Structure of a C++
Program (include files, main function); Header files – iostream.h, iomanip.h; cout, cin; Use of I/O
operators (<< and >>), Use of endl and setw(), Cascading of I/O operators, Errors Messages; Use
of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution; standard input/output
operations from c language; gets(), puts() of stdio.h header file;

Data Types, Variables and Constants :

 Concepts of data types; Build-in Data types: char, int, float and double; Constants: Integer
Constants, Character Constants (Backslash character constants - \n, \t), Floating Point Constants,
String Constants;
Access modifier : const; variables of built-in data types, Declaration /initialisation of variables,
Assignment statement: type modifier : signed, unsigned, long.

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Operators and Expressions :

 Operators : Arithmetic operators (-, +, *, /, %), Unary operator (-), increment and Decrement
Operators (--, ++), Relational operators(>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=), Logical operators(!, &&, ||),
Conditional operator: <condition> ? <if true> : <else> ; Precedence of Operators; Expressions;
Automatic type conversion in expressions, type casting; C++ shorthand’s (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=).

Flow of Control :

 Conditional statements : if-else, nested if, switch… case… default, nested switch..case, break
statement (to be used in switch… case); Loops : while, do-while, for and Nested loops;

Structure Data Type : Array

 Declaration/ initialisation of One-dimensional array, Inputting array elements, Accessing array

elements, Manipulation of Array elements (sum of element, product of element, average of
element, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value);
Declaration/ Initialisation of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/ digits/
special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string);

String Functions :

 Header File : string.h

Functions : strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp() .

Character Functions :

 Header File : ctype.h

Functions : isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigits(), islower(), isupper(), tolower(), toupper().

Mathematics Functions :

 Header File : math.h, stdlib.h

Functions : fabs(), log(), log10(), pow(), sqrt(), sin(), cos(), abs().

Other Functions :

 Header File : stdlib.h

Functions : randomize(), random()

Two-dimensional Array :

 Declaration/initialization of two dimensional array, Inputting array elements, accessing array

elements, manipulation of array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal
elements, finding maximum/minimum value);

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User Defined Functions :

 Defining a function; function prototype, invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to

function, specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value,
call by reference, returning values from a function, calling function with arrays, scope rule of
function and variables; local and global variables.

Event Programming : Game as examples

 General Guidelines : Initial Requirement, developing an interface for users (it is advised to use
text based interface screen), developing logic for playing the game and developing logic for
scoring points.
1. Memory Game : A number guessing game with application of 2 dimensional arrays
containing randomly generated number in pairs hidden inside boxes.
2. Cross’N Knots Game : A regular tic-tac-toe game.
3. Hollywood/Hangman : A word Guessing game.
4. Cows’N Bulls : A word/number Guessing game.

UNIT - 4 : Computer System Organisation

 Number System : Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal and conversion between two different
two different number system, Integer, Floating Point, 2’s complement of number from base-2;
Internal Storage encoding for Characters : ASCII, ISCII(Indian scripts Standard Code ofr
Information Interchange) and UNICODE, Microprocessor, Basic concepts, Clock speed(MHz,
GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit processors; Types – CISC, RISC; Concept of System Buses, Address Bus,
Data Bus, Concepts of Accumulator, Instruction Register and Program Counter.
Commonly used CPUs and CPU related terminologies : Intel Pentium Series, Intel Celeron, Cyrix,
AMD Series, Xeon, Intel Mobile, Mac Series; CPU Cache; Concept of heat sink and CPU fan,
Motherboard; Single, Dual and Multiple processors.
Types of Memory : Cache(L1, L2), Buffer, RAM(DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDRAM), ROM(PROM,
EPROM), Hard Disk Drive, Floppy Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive; Access Time.
Input Output Ports / Connections : Power connector, Monitor Socket, Serial (COM) and Parallel
(LPT) port, Universal Series Bus port, PS-2 Port, SCSI port, PCI/MCI socket, Keyboard Socket,
Infrared port(IR), audio/speaker socket, Mic socket; data Bus; external storage devices
connected using I/O Ports.
Keyboards : Qwerty, Inscript, Multilingual, Dvorak.
Printers : Dot Matrix Printer, Line Printer, Deskjet/Inkjet/Bubblejet Printer, Laser Printer.
Power Supply : Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) : Elementary concept of Power Supply :
Voltage, Current, Power (Volt, Ampere, Watt), SMPS supplies – Motherboard.
Power Conditioning Devices : Voltage Stabilizer, Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT),
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) – Online and Offline.
Note : Students should be asked to prepare a e-governance/report of an organization describing
the Computer System Configuration, Input Output Mechanism, Encoding scheme and Software
Installation.

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Class - XI (Practical)
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks : 30

1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the
examination. Marks are allotted on the basis of following :
Logic : 5 Marks
Documentation : 2 Marks
Output Presentation : 3 Marks
2. Project Work 10
(As mentioned in general guidelines for project given at the end of the curriculum)
3. Practical File 05
Must have minimum 15 programs from the topics covered in class XI course.
4. Viva Voce 05
Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XI and the project developed by student.

Class - XII (Theory)

Duration: 3 hours Total Marks : 70

Unit No. Unit Name Marks

1. Programming in C++ 30
2. Data Structure 16
3. Database and SQL 8
4. Boolean Algebra 8
5. Communication and Network Concepts 8
70

UNIT - 1 : Programming in C++

REVIEW : C++ covered in Class-XI

Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define directive;
Need for User defined data type;
 Structures : Defining a Structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure elements,
passing structure to functions as value and reference argument / parameter, Function returning
structure, Array of structures, passing an array of structure as argument/ a parameter to a
function;
 Object Oriented Programming : Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data Hiding, Data
Encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract Class and Concrete Class, Polymorphism
(Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++);
Inheritance, Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming
methodologies.

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 Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++ : Definition of a class,

Members of a class – Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public
visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition : inside class
definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (::); Declaration of objects
as instances of a class; accessing members from object(s), Array of type class, Object as function
arguments – pass by value and pass by reference;
 Constructor and Destructor :
Constructor : Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of a constructor, Default
Constructor, Overloaded Constructors, Copy Constructor, Constructor with default arguments.
Destructor : Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of Destructor.
Inheritance (Extending Classes) : Concept of Inheritance, Vase Class, Derived Class, Defining
Derived Class, protected visibility mode; Single level inheritance, Multilevel Inheritance ad
Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, Publically derived and Protectedly derived class,
accessibility of members from objects and within derived class(es);
 Data File Handling : Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file;
Basic file operations on text file : Creating / Writing text into file, Reading and Manipulation of
text from an already existing text file (accessing sequentially);
Binary File : Creation of file, Writing Data into file, Modification of data in a file;
Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C++;
Components of C++ to be used with file handling:
Header file : fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes;
Opening a text file in in, our and app modes;
Using cascading operations for writing text to the file and reading text from the file ; open(),
get(), put(), getline() and close() function; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof()
function); tellg(), tellp(), seekg(), seekp() functions.
Pointers : Declaration and Initialisation of Pointers; Dynamics memory allocation/ deallocation
operations; new, delete; Pointers and Arrays : Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1
dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alias; Function
call by reference, Pointer to Structures : Deference operator : *, -> ; self referencial structures;

UNIT - 2 : Data Structures

 Arrays : One and two Dimensional arrays; Sequential allocation and address calculation.
One dimensional array : Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in
an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble Sort),
concatenation of two linear arrays, merging of two sorted arrays.
Two dimensional arrays : Traversal, Finding sum/ difference of two N*M arrays containing
numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in two dimensional array.
 Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack) : Operations on Stack (PUSH and POP) and its
Implementation in C++, Converting expressions from INFIX or POSTFIX notation and evaluation
of Postfix expression;
 Queue (Circular Array and Linked Implementation) : Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete)
and its implementation in C++.

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UNIT - 3 : Databases and SQL

 Database Concepts : Relational data model : Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary
key, alternate key, candidate key;
 Structured Query Language : General Concepts : Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition
Language, Data Manipulation Language;
Data types : NUMBER, CHARACTER, DAE;
SQL Commands :
CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE….SET…., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT, DISTINCT,
FROM,WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY ;
SQL Functions : SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX and MIN ;
Note : Impementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported
software.

UNIT - 4 : Boolean Algebra

 Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators : AND, OR,
NOT, Truth Tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law, Associative Law, Identity Law, Inverse
Law, Principle of Duality, Idempotent Law, Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution Law,
Demorgan’s Law and their applications;
Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) from the Truth Table, Reducing
Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form, Use of Karnaugh Map for minimization of
Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables);
Basic Logic Gates (NOT,AND, OR, NAND, NOR) and their use in circuits.

UNIT - 5 : Communication and Network Concepts

 Evolution of Networking : ARPANET, Internet, Interspace;

Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques;
Data Communication terminologies : Concept of Channel, Baud, Bandwidth (Hz, kHz, MHz) and
Data transfer rate (bps, kbps, mbps, Gbps, Tbps);
Transmission media : Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link,
microwaves link and satellite link.
Network devices : Modem, Rj45 connector, Ethernet card, Hub, Switch, Gateway;
Different Topologies – Bus, Star, Tree; Concepts of LAN, WAN, MAN;
Protocol : TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet), Internet,
Wireless/Mobile Communication, GSM, CDMA, WLL, 3G, SMS, Voice Mail, Application
Electronics Mail, Chat, Video Conferencing;
Network Security Concepts : Cyber Law, Virus threats and prevention, Firewall, Cookies, Hacking;
WebPages : HyperText Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML);
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Protocol Address; Website, Web
browser, Web Servers, Web Hosting.

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Class - XII (Practical)

Duration: 3 hours Total Marks : 30

1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the
examination.
Marks are allotted on the basis of following :
Logic : 05 Marks
Documentation / Indentation : 02 Marks
Output Presentation : 03 marks
Notes : The types of problems to be given will be of application type from the following
topics.
 Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional)
 Array of structure
 Stack using arrays and linked implementation.
 Queue using arrays (Circular) and linked implementation.
 Binary File Operations (Creation, Displaying, Searching and modification).
 Text-file operations (Creation, Displaying and modification).
2. SQL Commands 05
Five Query questions based on a particular Table / Reaction to be tested practically on
Computer during the examination. The command along with the result must be written in
the answer sheet.
3. Project Work 05
The project has to be developed in C++ language with Object Oriented Technology and also
should have use of Data files.
 Presentation on the computer
 Project report (Listing, Sample, Outputs, Documentation)
 Viva
4. Practical File 05
Must have minimum 20 programs from the following topics –
 Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional, sorting, searching, merging, deletion &
insertion of elements)
 Arrays of structures, Arrays of objects
 Stacks using arrays and linked implementation
 Queue using arrays (linear and circular) and link implementation.
 File (Binary and Text) operations (Creation, Updation, Query)
 Any computational based problems

15 SQL command along with the output based on any table / relation : 3 Marks

5. Viva Voce 05
Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class-XII and the project developed by student.

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GUIDELINES FOR PROJECTS (Class XI and XII)

1. Preamble
1.1 The academic course in Computer Science includes one Project in each year. The Purpose
behind this is to consolidate the concepts and practices imparted during the course and to
serve as a record of competence.
1.2 A group of two students/ three students as team may be allowed to work on one project.
2. Project content
2.1 Project for class XI can be selected from one of the topics given in event programming (or)
2.2 Project for class XII should ensure the coverage of following areas of curriculum:
a. Problem Solving
b. Data Structure
c. Object Oriented Programming in C++
d. Data File Handling

Theme of the project can be

 Any subsystem of a System Software or Tool

 Any Scientific or a fairly complex algorithm situation.
 Business oriented problems like Banking, Library information system, Hotel or Hospital
management system, Transport query system.
 Quizzes/ Games;
 Tutor/ Computer Aided Learning Systems
2.3 The aim of the project is to highlight the abilities of algorithmic formulation, modular
programming, optimized code preparation, systematic documentation and other associated
aspects of Software Development.
2.4 The assessment would be through the project demonstration and the Project Report, which
should portray Programming Style, Structured Design, Minimum Coupling, High Cohesion,
Good documentation of the code to ensure readability and ease of maintenance.

Reference Books
Computer Organisation and Boolean Algebra
1. Rajaraman, FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of Indi.
2. Peter Norton, INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
3. J. Shelly & Roger Hunt, COMPUTER STUDIES, Wheeler’s Publication.

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