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Five_Axis_CNC_Machines

Chapter 7 discusses five axis CNC machines, which allow for complex part manufacturing through control of five axes, enabling various machining operations. It covers multiple machining processes, including straight line and arc operations, detailing the programming and G/M codes used for each type. The chapter concludes by summarizing the programming techniques for these machining processes and their applications in manufacturing.

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16 views

Five_Axis_CNC_Machines

Chapter 7 discusses five axis CNC machines, which allow for complex part manufacturing through control of five axes, enabling various machining operations. It covers multiple machining processes, including straight line and arc operations, detailing the programming and G/M codes used for each type. The chapter concludes by summarizing the programming techniques for these machining processes and their applications in manufacturing.

Uploaded by

trainofbird
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7

Five Axis CNC Machines

Abstract A 5 axis CNC machine is a machining center where multiple tools moving
and rotating in different direction for manufacturing complex parts are controlled
using a single controller or are performed in a single umbrella. The 5 axis CNC
machine, as the name suggests, allows control over 5 axes. 3 axes in the tool and 2
in the workpiece holder. Hence practically it can machine any geometry irrespective
of the extent of complexity. Moreover, with the availability of multiple tool holder
and tool changer it can also perform multi operations which machines like Lathe,
Milling, Drilling, etc. do individually.

7.1 Multiple Machining Process

7.1.1 Introduction

Multiple machining process are used for making the group of operation on the com-
plex parts. Multiple machining process is processed by Five axis CNC machines. Few
complicated programming associated with the multiple machining process samples
of which are discussed below.

7.1.2 Problem Description

Prepare the part program for multiple machining by using five axis machines with
the given parameters as shown in Fig. 7.1.

7.1.3 G Code and M Code Used

In multiple machining using five axis machines system following codes are used:

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 61


K. Kumar et al., CNC Programming for Machining, Materials Forming, Machining
and Tribology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41279-1_7
62 7 Five Axis CNC Machines

Fig. 7.1 Problem description of multiple machining using five axis machines

G90—Absolute dimension programming, G00—Point to point positioning, F—


feed i.e., 250,200 mm/min, G90—Absolute programming, G43—Tool length com-
pensation, G01—Linear interpolation, G91—Incremental programming, S—Spin-
dle speed, G73—Irregular rough turning cycle, G40—Cancel diameter offset,
G41—Cutter compensation left.

7.1.4 Programming

A typical sample program for the multiple machining process by using five axis
machine initial position, outside profile machining, slot milling, center hole milling
and center punching, and hole drilling are shown in Figs. 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6.

7.2 Straight Line Multiple Machining

7.2.1 Introduction

Straight line multiple machining is used for making the group of operation in a
line with equally space on the complex parts. Straight line multiple machining is
7.2 Straight Line Multiple Machining 63

Fig. 7.2 Typical initial position program for of multiple machining using five axis machines

Fig. 7.3 Typical outside profile machining program for of multiple machining using five axis
machines

processed by Five axis CNC machines. Few complicated programming associated


with the straight-line multiple machining process samples of which are discussed
below.
64 7 Five Axis CNC Machines

Fig. 7.4 Typical slot milling program for of multiple machining using five axis machines

7.2.2 Problem Description

Prepare the part program for Straight line multiple machining by using five axis
machines with the given parameters as shown in Fig. 7.7.

7.2.3 G Code and M Code Used

In straight-line multiple machining using five axis machines system following codes
are used:
7.2 Straight Line Multiple Machining 65

Fig. 7.5 Typical center hole milling program for of multiple machining using five axis machines

Fig. 7.6 Typical center punching and hole drilling program for of multiple machining using five
axis machines

Fig. 7.7 Problem


description of straight-line
multiple machining using
five axis machines
66 7 Five Axis CNC Machines

G43—Tool length compensation, G00—Positioning at rapid speed, G90—


Absolute dimension programming, G00—Point to point positioning, F—feed i.e.,
200 mm/min, S—Spindle speed i.e., 1500 mm/min, G81—Drill cycle, G99—Per
revolution feed, G84—Tapping cycle, G80—Cancel cycles.

7.2.4 Programming

A typical sample program for the straight-line multiple machining process of three
types by defining the length of the path and the number of holes, defining the length
of the path and the step between holes and number of holes and steps between them
are shown in Figs. 7.8, 7.9, and 7.10.

Fig. 7.8 Typical program by


defining the length of the
path and the number of holes
for straight-line multiple
machining process using five
axis machines

Fig. 7.9 Typical program by


defining the length of the
path and the step between
holes for straight-line
multiple machining process
using five axis machines
7.3 Multiple Machining in an Arc 67

Fig. 7.10 Typical program by defining the number of holes and steps between them for straight-line
multiple machining process using five axis machines

7.3 Multiple Machining in an Arc

7.3.1 Introduction

Multiple machining in an arc is used for making the group of operation in an arc
with equally space on the complex parts. Multiple machining in an arc is processed
by Five axis CNC machines. Few complicated programming associated with the
Multiple machining in an arc process samples of which are discussed below.

7.3.2 Problem Description

Prepare the part program for Multiple machining in an arc by using five axis machines
with the given parameters as shown in Fig. 7.11.

7.3.3 G Code and M Code Used

In multiple machining in an arc using five axis machines system following codes are
used:
G00—Positioning at rapid speed, G90—Absolute dimension programming,
G91—Incremental programming, M30—Program end.
68 7 Five Axis CNC Machines

Fig. 7.11 Problem description of multiple machining in an arc using five axis machines

7.3.4 Programming

A typical sample program for the multiple machining in an arc process of two types
by defining the number of operations and by defining the step between operations
are shown in Figs. 7.12 and 7.13.

Fig. 7.12 Typical program


by defining the number of
operations for multiple
machining in an arc process
using five axis machines
7.4 Conclusion 69

Fig. 7.13 Typical program by defining the step between operations for multiple machining in an
arc process using five axis machines

7.4 Conclusion

The present chapter provides an overview of five axis machines programming. It


covers multiple machining process, straight line multiple machining and multiple
machining in an arc operation. Multiple machining process are used for making the
group of operation on the complex parts. Straight line multiple machining is used for
making the group of operation in a line with equally space. Program for the straight-
line multiple machining process of three types by defining the length of the path and
the number of holes, defining the length of the path and the step between holes and
number of holes and steps between them. Multiple machining in an arc is used for
making the group of operation in an arc with equally space. Program for the multiple
machining in an arc process of two types by defining the number of operations and
by defining the step between operations.

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