Study Guide –Quiz

Perpendicular and Angle Bisectors

Theorem Example

Each point on is
equidistant from
Perpendicular Bisector Theorem points F and G.
If a point is on the perpendicular bisector of a
segment, then it is equidistant, or the same
distance, from the endpoints of the segment.
Given: is the perpendicular bisector of
Conclusion: AF  AG

The Converse of the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem is also true. If a point is equidistant
from the endpoints of a segment, then it is on the perpendicular bisector of the segment.
You can write an equation for the perpendicular bisector of a segment. Consider the
segment with endpoints Q(5, 6) and R(1, 2).

Step 1 Find the midpoint of Step 2 Find the slope of the  bisector of

Slope of

 (2, 4)

So the slope of the  bisector of is .

Step 3 Use the point-slope form to write an equation.
y  y1  m(x  x1) Point-slope form

Slope ; line passes through (2, 4), the midpoint of

Find each measure.

1. RT  ________________ 2. AB  ________________ 3. HJ 
________________

Write an equation in point-slope form for the perpendicular bisector

of the segment with the given endpoints.
4. A(6, 3), B(0, 5) 5. W(2, 7), X(4, 3)
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Name_________________________________________ Date____________________ Class___________________

Reteach
Perpendicular and Angle Bisectors continued

Theorem Example

Angle Bisector Theorem Point P is equidistant from

If a point is on the bisector of an angle,
then it is equidistant from the sides of sides and
the angle.
Given: is the angle bisector of LMN.
Conclusion: LP  NP

Converse of the Angle LMP  NMP

Bisector Theorem
If a point in the interior of an angle is
equidistant from the sides of the angle,
then it is on the bisector of the angle. Given: LP  NP
Conclusion: is the angle bisector of LMN.

Find each measure.

6. EH 7. mQRS 8. mWXZ
______________________ ______________________

______________________

Use the figure for Exercises 9–11.

9. Given that bisects HJK and LK  11.4, find LH.

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10. Given that LH  26, LK  26, and mHJK  1228,

find mLJK.
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11. Given that LH  LK, mHJL  (3y  19)8, and

mLJK  (4y  5)8, find the value of y.
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Bisectors of Triangles

Perpendicular bisectors
The point of intersection of
and are
concurrent because they and is called the
intersect at one point. circumcenter of NPQ.

Theorem Example

Circumcenter Theorem
The circumcenter of a triangle is Given: and are
equidistant from the vertices of the perpendicular bisectors
the triangle. of NPQ.
Conclusion: MN  MP  MQ

If a triangle on a coordinate plane has two sides that lie along the axes, you can easily find the
circumcenter. Find the equations for the perpendicular bisectors of those two sides. The
intersection of their graphs is the circumcenter.

, and are the perpendicular bisectors of EFG.

Find each length.
1. DG 2. EK
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3. FJ 4. DE
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Find the circumcenter of each triangle.

5. 6.

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Reteach
Bisectors of Triangles continued
The point of intersection of
and is called
Angle bisectors of GHJ the incenter of GHJ.
intersect at one point.

Theorem Example

Incenter Theorem
The incenter of a triangle is Given: and are
equidistant from the sides of the angle bisectors
the triangle. of GHJ.

Conclusion: AB  AC  AD

and are angle bisectors of MNP, and WK  21.

Find mWPN and the distance from W to and
mNMP  2mNMW Def. of  bisector
mNMP  2(328)  648 Substitute.
mNMP  mN  mNPM  1808 n Sum Thm.
648  728  mNPM  1808 Substitute.
mNPM  448 Subtract 1368 from each side.

mWPN  mNPM Def. of  bisector

mWPN  (448)  228 Substitute.

The distance from W to and is 21 by the Incenter Theorem.

and are angle bisectors of CDE. Find each measure.

7. the distance from P to 8. mPDE

__________________________ ______________________

and are angle bisectors of XYZ. Find each measure.

9. the distance from K to 10. mKZY
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Medians and Altitudes of Triangles

and are medians of a

triangle. They each join a vertex The point of intersection of
and the midpoint of the opposite the medians is called the
side. centroid of nABC.

Theorem Example

Centroid Theorem
The centroid of a triangle is

located of the distance from

each vertex to the midpoint of Given: and are medians of nABC.
the opposite side.

Conclusion: AN  AH, CN  CG, BN  BJ

In ABC above, suppose AH  18 and BN  10. You can use the Centroid Theorem
to find AN and BJ.

AN  AH Centroid Thm. BN  BJ Centroid Thm.

AN  (18) Substitute 18 for AH. 10  BJ Substitute 10 for BN.

AN  12 Simplify. 15  BJ Simplify.

In QRS, RX  48 and QW  30. Find each length.

1. RW 2. WX
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3. QZ 4. WZ
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In HJK, HD21 and BK18. Find each length.

5. HB 6. BD
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7. CK 8. CB
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Reteach
Medians and Altitudes of Triangles continued

and are altitudes of a

triangle. They are perpendicular The point of intersection of
segments that join a vertex and the the altitudes is called the
line containing the side opposite orthocenter of nJKL.
the vertex.

Find the orthocenter ofABC with vertices A(–3, 3), B(3, 7), and C(3, 0).
Step 1 Graph the triangle.
Step 2 Find equations of the lines containing two altitudes.

The altitude from A to is the horizontal line y  3.

The slope of , so the slope of the altitude

from B to is 2. The altitude must pass through B(3, 7).

y  y1  m(x  x1) Point-slope form
y  7  2(x  3) Substitute 2 for m and the coordinates of B(3, 7) for (x1, y1).
y  2x  1 Simplify.
Step 3 Solving the system of equations y  3 and y  2x  1, you find that the coordinates of
the orthocenter are (1, 3).

Triangle FGH has coordinates F(3, 1), G(2, 6), and H(4, 1).
9. Find an equation of the line containing the
altitude from G to
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10. Find an equation of the line containing the
altitude from H to
__________________________________________
11. Solve the system of equations from Exercises 9
and 10 to find the coordinates of the orthocenter.
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Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the given vertices.

12. N(1, 0), P(1, 8), Q(5, 0) 13. R(1, 4), S(5, 2), T(1, 6)
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The Triangle Midsegment Theorem

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A midsegment of a triangle joins the midpoints of two sides of the triangle.

Every triangle has three midsegments.

R is the midpoint of S
is a midsegment of
is the midpoint of nCDE.

Use the figure for Exercises 1–4. is a midsegment ofRST.

1. What is the slope of midsegment and the slope
of side
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2. What can you conclude about and

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3. Find AB and ST.

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4. Compare the lengths of and

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UseMNP for Exercises 5–7.

5. is a midsegment ofMNP. Find the

coordinates of U and V.
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6. Show that i
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__________________________________________

7. Show that UV  MN.

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Reteach
The Triangle Midsegment Theorem continued

Theorem Example

Triangle Midsegment Theorem

A midsegment of a triangle is parallel to
a side of the triangle, and its length is
half the length of that side.
Given: is a midsegment of nLMN.

Conclusion: i

You can use the Triangle Midsegment Theorem to

find various measures inABC.

n Midsegment Thm.

Substitute 12 for AC.

HJ  6 Simplify.

n Midsegment Thm. i Midsegment Thm.

Substitute 4 for JK. mBCA  mBJH Corr. ? Thm.

8  AB Simplify. mBCA  358 Substitute 358 for mBJH.

Find each measure.

8. VX  ____________________
9. HJ  ____________________
10. mVXJ  ____________________
11. XJ  ____________________
Find each measure.
12. ST  ____________________
13. DE  ____________________
14. mDES  ____________________
15. mRCD  ____________________
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© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Analytic Geometry
Name_________________________________________ Date____________________ Class___________________

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Holt McDougal Analytic Geometry