INSTITUTO JOSÉ LEÓN

LARRE

ENGLISH
BOOK
6TH YEAR

NAME:
TEACHER:
 Unit
Exercises 3
3.1 Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary.
1 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. OK
2 How often are you going to the cinema? do you go
3 Ben tries to find a job, but he hasn’t had any luck yet.
4 Martina is phoning her mother every day.
5 The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days.
6 Can you hear those people? What do they talk about?
7 What do you do in your spare time?
8 Sarah is a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat meat.
9 I must go now. It gets late.
10 ‘Come on! It’s time to leave.’ ‘OK, I come.’
11 Paul is never late. He’s always starting work on time.
12 They don’t get on well. They’re always arguing.

3.2 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1 a I usually get (I / usually / get) hungry in the afternoon.
b I’m getting (I / get) hungry. Let’s go and eat something.
2 a ‘ (you / listen) to the radio?’ ‘No, you can turn it off.’
b ‘ (you / listen) to the radio a lot?’ ‘No, not very often.’
3 a The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean.
b The river (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
4 a I’m not very active. (I / not / do) any sport.
b What (you / usually / do) at weekends?
5 a Rachel is in New York right now. (She / stay) at the Park Hotel.
b (She / always / stay) there when she’s in New York.

3.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1 Why are all these people here? What’s happening (What / happen)?
2 Julia is good at languages. (She / speak) four languages very well.
3 Are you ready yet? (Everybody / wait) for you.
4 I’ve never heard this word. How (you / pronounce) it?
5 Kate (not / work) this week. She’s on holiday.
6 I think my English (improve) slowly. It’s better than it was.
7 Nicola (live) in Manchester. She has never lived anywhere else.
8 Can we stop walking soon? (I / start) to get tired.
9 Sam and Tina are in Madrid right now. (They / visit) a friend of theirs.
10 ‘What (your father / do)?’ ‘He’s an architect.’
11 It took me an hour to get to work this morning. Most days
(it / not / take) so long.
12 I (I / learn) to drive. My driving test is next month. My father
(teach) me.

3.4 Finish B’s sentences. Use always -ing.

1 a: I’ve lost my keys again.
b: Not again! You’re always losing your keys .
2 a: The car has broken down again.
b: That car is useless. It .
3 a: Look! You’ve made the same mistake again.
b: Oh no, not again! I .
4 a: Oh, I’ve left my phone at home again.
b: Typical! .

7
Unit Present continuous and present simple 2
4 (I am doing and I do)
A We use continuous forms (I’m waiting, it’s raining etc.) for actions and happenings that have started but
not finished.
Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in this way. We don’t say ‘I am knowing’,
‘they are liking’. We say ‘I know’, ‘they like’.
The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous:
like want need prefer
know realise understand recognise
believe suppose remember mean
belong fit contain consist seem
I’m hungry. I want something to eat. (not I’m wanting)
Do you understand what I mean?
Anna doesn’t seem very happy right now.

B think
When think means ‘believe’ or ‘have an opinion’, we do not use the continuous:
I think Mary is Canadian, but I’m not sure. (not I’m thinking)
What do you think of my idea? (= what is your opinion?)
When think means ‘consider’, the continuous is possible:
I’m thinking about what happened. I often think about it.
Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. (= she is considering it)

C see hear smell taste look feel

We normally use the present simple (not continuous) with see/hear/smell/taste:
Do you see that man over there? (not are you seeing)
The room smells. Let’s open a window.
This soup doesn’t taste very good.
You can use the present simple or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now:
You look well today. or You’re looking well today.
How do you feel now? or How are you feeling now?
but
I usually feel tired in the morning. (not I’m usually feeling)

D am/is/are being
You can say he’s being … , you’re being … etc. to say how somebody is behaving now:
I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
(being selfish = behaving selfishly now)
‘The path is icy. Don’t slip.’ ‘Don’t worry. I’m being very careful.’
Compare:
He never thinks about other people. He’s very selfish.
(= he is selfish generally, not only now)
I don’t like to take risks. I’m a very careful person.
We use am/is/are being to say how a person is behaving (= doing something they can control) now.
It is not usually possible in other situations:
Sam is ill. (not is being ill)
Are you tired? (not are you being tired)

8 Present continuous and simple 1 ➜ Unit 3 have ➜ Unit 17 Present tenses for the future ➜ Unit 19
 Unit
Exercises 4
4.1 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.
1 Are you hungry? Do you want (you / want) something to eat?
2 Alan says he’s 90 years old, but nobody (believe) him.
3 She told me her name, but (I / not / remember) it now.
4 Don’t put the dictionary away. (I / use) it.
5 Don’t put the dictionary away. (I / need) it.
6 Air (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
7 Who is that man? What (he / want)?
8 Who is that man? Why (he / look) at us?
9 Who is that man? (you / recognise) him?
10 (I / think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?
11 I can’t make up my mind. What (you / think) I should do?
12 Gary wasn’t well earlier, but (he / seem) OK now.

4.2 Use the words in brackets to make sentences.

1 2

Are you OK?

You look worried.
(you / not / seem / very happy today)
You don’t seem very (I / think)
happy today.

3 4

(this / smell / good)

(who / this umbrella / belong to?)

I’ve no idea.

5 6

(these gloves / not / fit / me)

Excuse me. (anybody / sit / there?)
No, it’s free.
They’re too small.

4.3 Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary.
1 Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. OK
2 It’s not true. I’m not believing it. I don’t believe it.
3 I’m feeling hungry. Is there anything to eat?
4 I’ve never eaten that fruit. What is it tasting like?
5 I’m not sure what she does. I think she works in a shop.
6 Look over there. What are you seeing?
7 You’re very quiet. What are you thinking about?

4.4 Complete the sentences. Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple).
1 I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
2 You’ll like Sophie when you meet her. She very nice.
3 Sarah very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why.
4 They very happy. They’ve just got married.
5 You’re normally very patient, so why so unreasonable about waiting
ten more minutes?
6 Would you like something to eat? hungry?
9
Unit
5 Past simple (I did)
A Study this example:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian

musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. He started composing at the age of five
and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
He was only 35 years old when he died.
lived/started/wrote/was/died are all past simple

B Very often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs):

I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store.
They invited us to their party, but we decided not to go.
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.
For spelling (stopped, studied etc.), see Appendix 6.
But many verbs are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed. For example:
write → wrote Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
see → saw We saw Alice in town a few days ago.
go → went I went to the cinema three times last week.
shut → shut It was cold, so I shut the window.
For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.

C In questions and negative sentences we use did/didn’t + infinitive (enjoy/see/go etc.):

I enjoyed you enjoy? I enjoy
she saw did she see? she didn’t see
they went they go? they go

I enjoyed the party a lot. Did you enjoy it?

How many people did they invite to the wedding?
I didn’t buy anything because I didn’t have any money.
‘Did you go out?’ ‘No, I didn’t.’
Sometimes do is the main verb in the sentence (did you do?, I didn’t do):
What did you do at the weekend? (not What did you at the weekend?)
I didn’t do anything. (not I didn’t anything)

D The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:

I/he/she/it was/wasn’t was I/he/she/it?
we/you/they were/weren’t were we/you/they?

I was annoyed because they were late.

Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
They weren’t able to come because they were so busy.
I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
Did you go out last night or were you too tired?

10 Past simple and past continuous ➜ Unit 6 Past simple and present perfect ➜ Units 12–14
 Unit
Exercises 5
5.1 Read what Laura says about a typical working day:
I usually get up at 7 o’clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which
takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish
work at 5 o’clock. I’m always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal
in the evening. I don’t usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o’clock, and I
always sleep well.

LAURA

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn’t do yesterday.
1 She got up at 7 o’clock. 7 at 5 o’clock.
2 She a big breakfast. 8 tired when home.
3 She . 9 a meal yesterday evening.
4 It to get to work. 10 out yesterday evening.
5 at 8.45. 11 at 11 o’clock.
6 lunch. 12 well last night.

5.2 Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form:
buy catch cost fall hurt sell spend teach throw write
1 Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
2 ‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father me.’
3 We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we it.
4 Dave down the stairs this morning and his leg.
5 Joe the ball to Sue, who it.
6 Kate a lot of money yesterday. She a dress which
£100.

5.3 You ask James about his holiday in the US. Write your questions.
1 YOU: Where did you go ?
JaMES: To the US. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.
2 YOU: How ? By car?
JaMES: Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.
3 YOU: It’s a long way to drive. How long ?
JaMES: Two weeks. We stopped at a lot of places along the way.
4 YOU: Where ? In hotels?
JaMES: Yes, small hotels or motels.
5 YOU: good?
JaMES: Yes, but it was very hot – sometimes too hot.
6 YOU: the Grand Canyon?
JaMES: Of course. It was wonderful.

5.4 Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1 It was warm, so I took off my coat. (take)
2 The film wasn’t very good. I didn’t enjoy it much. (enjoy)
3 I knew Sarah was busy, so I her. (disturb)
4 We were very tired, so we the party early. (leave)
5 It was hard carrying the bags. They really heavy. (be)
6 The bed was very uncomfortable. I well. (sleep)
7 This watch wasn’t expensive. It much. (cost)
8 The window was open and a bird into the room. (fly)
9 I was in a hurry, so I time to call you. (have)
10 I didn’t like the hotel. The room very clean. (be)

11
Unit
6 Past continuous (I was doing)
A Study this example situation:

Yesterday Karen and Joe played tennis. They started at

10 o’clock and finished at 11.30.
So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.
they were playing =
they were in the middle of playing, they had not finished
was/were + -ing is the past continuous:
he/she/it was playing
doing
we/you/they were working etc.

B I was doing something = I was in the middle of doing it at a certain time. The action or situation started
before this time, but had not finished:
I started doing I was doing I finished doing

past past now

This time last year I was living in Hong Kong.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
I waved to Helen, but she wasn’t looking.

C Compare I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple):

I was doing (= in the middle of an action) I did (= complete action)
We were walking home when I met We walked home after the party last
Dan. (in the middle of walking home) night. (= all the way, completely)
Kate was watching TV when we Kate watched TV a lot when she was ill
arrived. last year.

D You can say that something happened (past simple) in the middle of something else (past continuous):
Matt phoned while we were having dinner.
It was raining when I got up.
I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.
I hurt my back while I was working in the garden.
But we use the past simple to say that one thing happened after another:
I was walking along the road when I saw Dan. So I stopped, and we talked for a while.
Compare:

When Karen arrived, we were having When Karen arrived, we had dinner.
dinner. (= we had already started before (= Karen arrived, and then we had
she arrived) dinner)

E Some verbs (for example, know and want) are not normally used in continuous forms (is + -ing,
was + -ing etc.). See Unit 4A for a list of these verbs.
We were good friends. We knew each other well. (not we were knowing)
I was enjoying the party, but Chris wanted to go home. (not was wanting)

12 Past simple (I did) ➜ Unit 5

 Unit
Exercises 6
6.1 Complete the sentences. Choose from:
was looking was wearing wasn’t listening weren’t looking
was snowing was working were sitting were you going

1 Today Helen is wearing a skirt. Yesterday she was wearing trousers.

2 ‘What did he say?’ ‘I don’t know. I .’
3 We at the back of the theatre. We couldn’t hear very well.
4 This time last year Steve on a farm.
5 They didn’t see me. They in my direction.
6 The weather was bad. It was very cold and it .
7 I saw you in your car. Where ?
8 I saw Kate a few minutes ago. She for you.
6.2 Which goes with which?

1 When I got to the cafe a when she was living in Rome. 1 f

2 We fell asleep b she was working in a clothes shop. 2
3 Amy learnt Italian c when I was driving home. 3
4 Tom didn’t come out with us d but nobody was watching it. 4
5 The car began to make a strange noise e while we were watching a film. 5
6 The TV was on f my friends were waiting for me. 6
7 When I first met Jessica g because he wasn’t feeling well. 7

6.3 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1 2

SUE

I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday, but I (cycle) home yesterday

she (not/see) me. when a man (step) out into the
She (look) the other way. road in front of me.
I (go) quite fast, but luckily
I (manage) to stop in time,
and I (not/hit) him.

6.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1 Jenny was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
2 ‘What (you / do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’
3 ‘ (you / go) out last night?’ ‘No, I was too tired.’
4 How fast (you / drive) when the accident (happen)?
5 Sam (take) a picture of me while I (not / look).
6 We were in a very difficult position. We (not / know) what to do, so we
(do) nothing.
7 I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last (see) him, he
(try) to find a job.
8 I (walk) along the street when suddenly I (hear)
something behind me. Somebody (follow) me. I was scared and I
(start) to run.
9 When I was young, I (want) to be a pilot. Later I
(change) my mind.
10 Last night I (drop) a plate when I (do) the washing up.
Fortunately it (not / break).
➜ Additional exercise 1 (page 302) 13
Unit
7 Present perfect 1 (I have done)
A Study this example situation:

I’ve lost my key. Tom can’t find his key.

He’s lost his key. (= He has lost …)
he has lost his key =
he lost it and he doesn’t have it now
have lost / has lost is the present perfect simple:
finished
I/we/they/you have (= I’ve etc.)
lost
done
he/she/it has (= he’s etc.) been etc.

The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed
(finished/decided etc.), but many verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.).
For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.

B When we say ‘something has happened’, this is usually new information:

Ow! I’ve cut my finger.
The road is closed. There’s been an accident. (= There has been …)
Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
Tom has lost his key. (= he doesn’t have it now)
He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it. (= I can’t remember it now)
Sally is still here. She hasn’t gone out. (= she is here now)
I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it? (= do you know where it is now?)
Compare gone (to) and been (to):
James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there)
Amy is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back)

C You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet.

Just = a short time ago:

‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had lunch.’
Hello. Have you just arrived?
Already = sooner than expected:
‘Don’t forget to pay the bill.’ ‘I’ve already paid it.’
‘What time is Mark leaving?’ ‘He’s already left.’
Yet = until now. We use yet to show that we are expecting something to happen.
We use yet in questions and negative sentences:
Has it stopped raining yet?
I’ve written the email, but I haven’t sent it yet.

D You can also use the past simple (did, went, had etc.) in the examples on this page. So you can say:
Ben isn’t here. He’s gone out. or He went out.
‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had lunch.’ or ‘No, I just had lunch.’

Present perfect ➜ Units 8, 11 been to ➜ Units 8A, 126A Present perfect continuous ➜ Units 9–10
14 Present perfect and past ➜ Units 12–14 yet and already ➜ Unit 111 American English ➜ Appendix 7
 Unit
Exercises 7
7.1 Read the situations and complete the sentences using the present perfect. Choose from these
verbs:
break disappear go up grow improve lose shrink stop

1 Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. Tom has lost his key.
2 Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is better. Her English
3 My bag was here, but it isn’t here any more. My bag
4 Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa
5 Last week the bus fare was £1.80. Now it is £2. The bus fare
6 Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan
7 It was raining ten minutes ago. It isn’t raining now. It
8 I washed my sweater, and now it’s too small for me. My sweater

7.2 Put in been or gone.

1 My parents are on holiday. They’ve gone to Italy.
2 Hello! I’ve just to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.
3 Tom has just out. He’ll be back in about an hour.
4 Alice isn’t here at the moment. I don’t know where she’s .
5 You’re very late. Where have you ?

7.3 Complete the sentences using the present perfect.

1 Sally is still here. She hasn’t gone (she / not / go) out.
2 I can’t find my bag. (you / see / it) anywhere?
3 I can’t log on to the website. (I / forget) my password.
4 I sent Joe an email this morning, but (he / not / reply).
5 Is the meeting still going on, or (it / finish)?
6 (the weather / change). It’s colder now.
7 (you / not / sign) the form. Could you sign it now, please?
8 Are your friends still here, or (they / go) home?
9 Paul doesn’t know what he’s going to do.
(he / not / decide / yet).
10 ‘Do you know where Julia is?’ ‘Yes, (I / just / see / her).’
11 ‘When is David going away?’ ‘ (he / already / go).’
12 a: (your course / start / yet)?
b: Not yet. It starts next week.

7.4 Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, ‘Would you like something to eat?’
You say: No thank you. I’ve just had lunch . (have lunch)
2 Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, ‘Can I speak to Joe?’
You say: I’m afraid . (go out)
3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! . (not / finish)
4 You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says,
‘Shall I phone to reserve a table?’ You say: No, . (do it)
5 You know that Lisa is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful.
You ask her: ? (find)
6 You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, ‘Where are you going
for your holiday?’ You say: . (not / decide)
7 Laura went out, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, ‘Is Laura still out?’
You say: No, . (come back)

15
Unit
8 Present perfect 2 (I have done)
A Study this example conversation:
DaVE: Have you travelled a lot, Jane?
JaNE: Yes, I’ve been to lots of places. Jane’s life
DaVE: Really? Have you ever been to China? (a period until now)
JaNE: Yes, I’ve been to China twice.
DaVE: What about India? past now
JaNE: No, I haven’t been to India.
When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the present
perfect (have been / have travelled etc.). Here, Dave and Jane are talking about the places Jane
has visited in her life, which is a period that continues until now.

In the same way we say:

Have you ever eaten caviar?
We’ve never had a car.
I don’t know what the film is about. I haven’t seen it.
Susan really loves that book. She’s read it three times. (She’s = She has)
It’s a really boring movie. It’s the most boring movie I’ve ever seen.
been (to) = visited:
I’ve never been to Canada. Have you been there?

B In the following examples too, the speakers are talking about a period that continues until now
(recently, in the last few days, so far, since I arrived etc.):
Have you heard anything from Ben recently? recently
I’ve met a lot of people in the last few days.
Everything is going well. There haven’t been any in the last few days
problems so far. since I arrived
The weather is bad here. It’s (= It has) rained every past now
day since I arrived. (= from when I arrived until now)
It’s good to see you again. We haven’t seen each other for a long time.
In the same way we use the present perfect with today, this evening, this year etc. when these
periods are not finished at the time of speaking:
I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today. today
Have you had a holiday this year?
I haven’t seen Tom this morning. Have you? past now

C We say ‘It’s the (first) time something has happened’. For example:
Don is having a driving lesson. It’s his first lesson.
We can say: This is the first time
I’ve driven a car.
It’s the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
or He hasn’t driven a car before.
or He has never driven a car before.
In the same way we say:
Sarah has lost her passport again. This is the second
time this has happened. (not happens)
Andy is phoning his girlfriend again. It’s the third
time he’s phoned her this evening.

16 Present perfect 1 ➜ Unit 7 Present perfect + for/since ➜ Units 11–12 Present perfect and past ➜ Units 12–14
 Unit
Exercises 8
8.1 You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with ever.
1 (ride / horse?) Have you ever ridden a horse?
2 (be / California?) Have
3 (run / marathon?)
4 (speak / famous person?)
5 (most beautiful place / visit?) What’s

8.2 Complete B’s answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use these verbs:
be be eat happen have have meet play read see try

A B

1 What’s Mark’s sister like? I’ve never met her.

I’ve no idea.
2 Is everything going well? Yes, we haven’t had any problems so far.
3 Are you hungry? Yes. I much today.
4 Can you play chess? Yes, but for ages.
5 Are you enjoying your holiday? Yes, it’s the best holiday for a long time.
6 What’s that book about? I don’t know. it.
7 Is Brussels an interesting place? I’ve no idea. there.
8 I hear your car broke down again Yes, it’s the second time
yesterday. this month.
9 Do you like caviar? I don’t know. it.
10 Mike was late for work again today. Again? He late every day this week.
11 Who’s that woman by the door? I don’t know. her before.

8.3 Write four sentences about yourself. Use I haven’t and choose from the boxes.
used a computer travelled by bus eaten any fruit
been to the cinema read a book lost anything today
this week
1 I haven’t used a computer today. recently
2 for ages
3 since …
4 this year
5

8.4 Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1 Jack is driving a car for the first time. He’s very nervous and not sure what to do.
It’s the first time he’s driven a car.
2 Some children at the zoo are looking at a giraffe. They’ve never seen one before.
It’s the first time a giraffe.
3 Sue is riding a horse. She doesn’t look very confident or comfortable.
She before.
4 Joe and Lisa are on holiday in Japan. They’ve been to Japan once before.
This is the second time .
5 Emily is staying at the Prince Hotel. She stayed there a few years ago.
It’s not the first this hotel.
6 Ben is playing tennis for the first time. He’s a complete beginner.
before.

17
Unit
13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
A Study this example situation:

Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.

He has lost his key. (present perfect)
This means that he doesn’t have his key now.

Ten minutes later:

Now Tom has found his key. He has it now.

Has he lost his key? No, he has found it.
Did he lose his key? Yes, he did.
He lost his key (past simple)
but now he has found it. (present perfect)

The present perfect (something has happened) is a present tense. It tells us about the situation now.
‘Tom has lost his key’ = he doesn’t have his key now (see Unit 7).
The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the past. If somebody says ‘Tom lost his key’,
we don’t know whether he has the key now or not. We know only that he lost it at some time in the past.
Compare present perfect and past simple:
They’ve gone away. They’ll be back on Friday. (they are away now)
They went away, but I think they’re back at home now. (not They’ve gone away)
It has stopped raining now, so we don’t need the umbrella. (it isn’t raining now)
It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (not It has stopped)

B You can use the present perfect for new or recent happenings:
I’ve repaired the washing machine. It’s working OK now.
‘Hannah has had a baby! It’s a boy.’ ‘That’s great news.’
Usually, you can also use the past simple:
I repaired the washing machine. It’s working OK now.
Use the past simple (not the present perfect) for things that are not recent or new:
Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
(not has been … has written)
My mother grew up in Italy. (not has grown)
Compare:
Somebody has invented a new type of washing machine.
Who invented the telephone? (not has invented)

C We use the present perfect to give new information (see Unit 7). But if we continue to talk about it,
we normally use the past simple:
a: Ow! I’ve burnt myself.
b: How did you do that? (not have you done)
a: I picked up a hot dish. (not have picked)
a: Look! Somebody has spilt something on the sofa.
b: Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (not hasn’t been … haven’t done)

Past simple ➜ Unit 5 Present perfect ➜ Units 7–8 Present perfect and past 2 ➜ Unit 14
26 American English ➜ Appendix 7
 Unit
Exercises 13
13.1 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect where possible. Otherwise use the past simple.
1 2
The office is empty now.
I can’t get in.
Everybody
I ’ve lost (lose) my
(go) home.
key.

3 4
I meant to call you last night,
but I
(forget).
Helen
(go) to New York for a holiday, but
she’s back home in London now.
5 6 Can you help us? Our car
before

(break) down.

Are you OK? Yes, I (have) a

headache, but it’s OK now.

13.2 Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.
1 Did you hear about Sophie? She’s given up her job. OK
2 My mother has grown up in Italy. My mother grew up
3 How many plays has William Shakespeare written?
4 I’ve forgotten his name. Is it Joe or Jack?
5 Who has invented paper?
6 Drugs have become a big problem everywhere.
7 We’ve washed the car, but now it’s dirty again.
8 Where have you been born?
9 Ellie has gone shopping. She’ll be back in about an hour.
10 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who
has developed the theory of relativity.

13.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1 It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (it / stop)
2 The town where I live is very different now. It has changed a lot. (it / change)
3 I studied German at school, but most of it now. (I / forget)
4 The police three people, but later they let them go. (arrest)
5 What do you think of my English? Do you think ? (it / improve)
6 Are you ready to go? your coffee? (you / finish)
7 for a job as a tour guide, but I wasn’t successful. (I / apply)
8 Where’s my bike? outside the house, but it’s not there now. (it / be)
9 Quick! We need to call an ambulance. an accident. (there / be)
10 a: I’ve found my phone.
b: Oh, good. Where it? (you / find)
a: at the bottom of my bag. (It / be)
11 a: Ben won’t be able to play tennis for a while. his arm. (He / break)
b: Oh. How ? (that / happen)
a: off a ladder. (He / fall)

27
Unit
23 I will and I’m going to
A Future actions
Compare will and (be) going to:
Sarah is talking to Helen: will (We’ll invite …)

Let’s have a party. That’s a great idea. We use will (We’ll invite …) to announce a
We’ll invite lots of people. new decision. The party is a new idea.

decision
now

We’ll …

SARAH HELEN past now future

Later that day, Helen meets Max: (be) going to (We’re going to invite …)
Sarah and I have decided to have a party. We use (be) going to when we have
We’re going to invite lots of people. already decided to do something.
Helen had already decided to invite lots of
people before she spoke to Max.
decision
before

We’re going to …
HELEN MAX
past now future

Compare:
‘Gary has been trying to contact you.’ ‘Has he? OK, I’ll call him.’
‘Gary has been trying to contact you.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m going to call him.’
‘Anna is in hospital.’ ‘Really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her.’
‘Anna is in hospital.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her this evening.’

B Future happenings and situations (predicting the future)

We use both will and going to for future happenings and situations. So you can say:
I think the weather will be nice later. or
I think the weather is going to be nice later.
Those shoes are well-made. They’ll last a long time. or
Those shoes are well-made. They’re going to last a long time.
When we say something is going to happen, we believe this because of the situation now. What is
happening now shows that something is going to happen in the future. For example:
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (not it will rain)
(we can see that it is going to rain – the black clouds are in the sky now)
Compare:
We’re going to be late. The meeting starts in five minutes and it takes 15 minutes to get there.
(it is clear now that we don’t have enough time to get there)
Jane will be late for the meeting. She’s always late.
(I believe this because I know what Jane is like)

46 I’m going to ➜ Unit 20 will ➜ Units 21–22 The future ➜ Appendix 3

 Unit
Exercises 23
23.1 Complete the sentences using will (’ll) or (be) going to.
1 a: Why are you turning on the TV?
b: I’m going to watch the news. (I / watch)
2 a: I forgot my wallet. I don’t have any money.
b: Not to worry. you some. (I / lend)
3 a: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
b: the car. (I / wash)
4 a: I don’t know how to use the washing machine.
b: It’s easy. you. (I / show)
5 a: I’ve decided to paint this room.
b: That’s nice. What colour it? (you / paint)
6 a: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
b: Yes, some things for dinner tonight. (I / buy)
7 a: What would you like to eat?
b: a pizza, please. (I / have)
8 a: This food doesn’t taste very good, does it?
b: No, it’s horrible. it. (I / not / finish)
9 a: Tom is starting an evening class next month.
b: Is he? What ? (he / study)
10 a: Did you call Lisa?
b: Oh, no. I completely forgot. her now. (I / call)
11 a: Has Dan decided what to do when he leaves school?
b: Yes. Everything is planned.
First a holiday for a few weeks. (he / have)
Then a management training course. (he / do)
23.2 Read the situations and complete the sentences using will (’ll) or (be) going to.
1 You want some coffee. You go to the kitchen to make some.
You say (to your friend): I’m going to make some coffee. Would you like some?
2 You’re speaking to a friend and arranging to meet. You suggest a time and place.
You say: you at 10.30 in the hotel lobby, OK? (I/see)
3 You have decided to sell your car. You tell a friend of yours.
You say: I don’t need my car any more. it. (I/sell)
4 Your friend is worried because she has lost her driving licence.
You say: Don’t worry. I’m sure it. (you/find)
5a You have an old camera that is broken. You have decided to throw it away. You tell your friend.
You say: This camera is broken. it away. (I/throw)
5b Your friend loves and collects old cameras. He doesn’t want you to throw it away.
He says: Don’t throw it away! it. (I/have)
6a Joe has to go to the airport tomorrow. He doesn’t know how to get there. Amy offers to take him.
Amy says: Don’t worry about getting to the airport, Joe. you. (I/take)
6b Later that day, Paul offers to take Joe to the airport. Joe tells him that it’s not necessary.
Joe says: Thanks, Paul, but me. (Amy/take)
23.3 Which goes with which?
1 Why don’t you come to the party with us? a He’ll get what he wants. 1 f
2 That ceiling looks dangerous. b He probably won’t remember me. 2
3 He’s looking very tired. c It’s going to be a nice day. 3
4 This table is too big. d It looks as if it’s going to fall down. 4
5 The weather forecast is good. e It’s going to be 200 metres high. 5
6 Jack is very determined. f You’ll enjoy it. 6
7 They are building a new skyscraper here. g I don’t think it will fit in the room. 7
8 I haven’t seen Ben for ages. h I think he’s going to fall asleep. 8

➜ Additional exercises 10–13 (pages 308–10) 47

Unit
40 if I had known … I wish I had known …
A Study this example situation:

Last month Gary was in hospital for a few days. Rachel didn’t know this.
A few days ago they met by chance. Rachel said:
If I’d known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you.
(= I didn’t know, so I didn’t go to visit you)
If I’d known = If I had known. This tells us that she didn’t know before.

We use if + had (’d) … to talk about the past (if I’d known / if you’d done etc.):
I didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If I’d seen you, I would have said hello.
They didn’t go out last night. They would have gone out if they hadn’t been so tired.
(but they were tired)
If you’d been looking where you were going, you wouldn’t have walked into the wall.
(but you weren’t looking)
The view was wonderful. I would have taken some pictures if I’d had (= if I had had)
a camera with me. (but I didn’t have a camera)
Compare:
I’m not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now)
I wasn’t hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past)

B We do not say ‘if something would have happened’. We use would in the other part of the sentence:
If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (not If I would have seen you)
The short form ’d can be would or had:
If I’d seen you, (I’d seen = I had seen)
I’d have said hello. (I’d have said = I would have said)

C We use had done/known/been etc. in the same way after wish.

I wish something had happened = I am sorry that it didn’t happen
I wish something hadn’t happened = I am sorry that it happened
I wish I’d known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn’t know)
I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much. (I ate too much)
Do you wish you’d studied science instead of languages? (you didn’t study science)
Compare:
I’m glad I saw him. (= I saw him)
I wish I’d seen him. (= I didn’t see him)
We do not say ‘wish … would have …’ .
The weather was cold. I wish it had been warmer. (not I wish it would have been)

D Compare would (do) and would have (done):

If I’d gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now – present)
If I’d gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn’t meet lots
of people – past)
Compare would have, could have and might have:
⎧ we would have gone out.
⎪ we could have gone out.
⎪
If the weather hadn’t been so bad, ⎨ (= we would have been able to go out)
⎪ we might have gone out.
⎪
⎩ (= maybe we would have gone out)

80 had done ➜ Unit 15 if I do / if I did ➜ Unit 38 if I knew / I wish I knew ➜ Unit 39 wish ➜ Unit 41
 Unit
Exercises 40
40.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
1 I didn’t see you. If I’d seen (I / see) you, I would have said (I / say) hello.
2 Sarah got to the station just in time to catch her train to the airport. If
(she / miss) the train, (she / miss) her flight too.
3 Thanks for reminding me about Lisa’s birthday. (I / forget)
if (you / not / remind) me.
4 I didn’t have your email address, so I couldn’t contact you. If (I / have)
your email address, (I / send) you an email.
5 Their trip was OK, but (they / enjoy) it more if
the weather (be) better.
6 Sorry we’re late. Our taxi got stuck in the traffic. (it / be)
quicker if (we / walk).
7 Why didn’t you tell me about your problem? If (you / tell) me,
(I / try) to help you.
8 I’m not tired. If (I / be) tired, I’d go home now.
9 I wasn’t tired last night. If (I / be) tired, I would have
gone home earlier.

40.2 For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.

1 I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
If I’d been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2 The accident happened because the road was icy.
If the road
3 I didn’t know that you had to get up early, so I didn’t wake you up.
If I
4 Unfortunately I lost my phone, so I couldn’t call you.

5 Karen wasn’t injured in the crash, because fortunately she was wearing a seat belt.

6 You didn’t have any breakfast – that’s why you’re hungry now.

7 I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have enough money.

8 Dan didn’t do well at school, so he couldn’t go to university.

40.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.
1 You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.
2 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say:
3 You’ve painted the gate red. Now you think it doesn’t look good. Red was the wrong colour.
You say:
4 You decided to travel by car, but the journey was long and tiring. Going by train would have been better.
You say: I wish we
5 Last year you went to New York with a friend. You didn’t have time to do all the things you wanted to do.
You say:
6 You moved to a new flat a few months ago. Now you don’t like your new flat. You think that moving
was a bad idea.
You say:

➜ Additional exercises 19–21 (pages 313–14) 81

Unit
47 Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
A Study this example situation:

You saw Paul yesterday and you want to tell somebody

what he said.
There are two ways of doing this:
I’m feeling ill. You can repeat Paul’s words (direct speech):
Paul said, ‘I’m feeling ill.’
Or you can use reported speech:
Paul said that he was feeling ill.
PAUL
Compare:

direct Paul said, ‘ I am feeling ill.’ In writing we use these quotation

marks to show direct speech.
reported Paul said that he was feeling ill.

B When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past (Paul said that … /
I told her that … etc.). The rest of the sentence is usually past too:
Paul said that he was feeling ill.
I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money.
You can leave out that. So you can say:
Paul said that he was feeling ill. or Paul said he was feeling ill.
In general, the present in direct speech changes to the past in reported speech:
am/is → was do/does → did will → would
are → were have/has → had can → could
want/like/know/go etc. → wanted/liked/knew/went etc.
See also Unit 48A.
Compare direct and reported speech:

You met Anna. Here are some of Later you tell somebody what Anna said.
the things she said in direct speech: You use reported speech:
I’ve lost my phone. Anna said that she had lost her phone.
I want to buy a car. She said that she wanted to buy a car.
I can’t come to the party on She said that she couldn’t come to
Friday. the party on Friday.
She said that she didn’t have much
I don’t have much free time.
free time.
My parents are fine. She said that her parents were fine.
I’m going away for a few days. She said that she was going away for a
I’ll phone you when I get back. few days and would phone me when
ANNA
she got back.

C The past simple (did/saw/knew etc.) can stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the
past perfect (had done / had seen / had known etc.):
direct Paul said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.’
reported Paul said (that) he woke up feeling ill, so he didn’t go to work. or
Paul said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work.

94 Reported speech 2 ➜ Unit 48 Reported questions ➜ Unit 50B

 Unit
Exercises 47
47.1 You talked to some friends of yours (Paul, Tom, Anna etc.). Read what they said on the left (direct
speech). Later (the same day) you tell another friend what they said (reported speech). Complete
the sentences.
direct speech reported speech
1 you: Are you going to work today, Paul? Paul didn’t go to work today. He said
paul: No, I’m feeling ill. he was feeling ill.

2 you: Shall we walk to the station? I wanted to walk to the station, but
tom: No, it’s too far. Let’s get a taxi. Tom said far.

3 you: Have you been invited to the party? Anna has been invited to the party but she
anna: Yes, but I don’t want to go. told me to go.

4 you: When are you going away, Dan? I asked Dan about his travel plans. He said
dan: I’ll let you know next week. next week.

5 you: Do you ever see Rachel these days? I asked Ben about Rachel, but he told me
ben: I haven’t seen her for a while. for a while.

6 you: Where can I borrow a guitar? I needed to borrow a guitar and Kate said
kate: You can borrow mine. .

7 you: How’s your job, Sue? I asked Sue about her job. She said
sue: I’m not enjoying it very much. very much.

8 you: Do you still have your car? I asked James about his car. He told me
james: No, I sold it a few months ago. a few months ago.

9 you: What’s the name of the cafe we went to? I asked Sarah the name of the cafe we went
sarah: I don’t know. to but she said .

10 you: How many students are there in your I asked Amy about her school and she told
class, Amy? me
amy: Twenty. class.

47.2 Somebody says something to you which is not what you expected. Use your own ideas to complete
your answers.
1 a: It’s quite a long way from the hotel to the city centre.
b: Is it? The man on the reception desk said it was only five minutes’ walk.
2 a: Sue is coming to the party tonight.
b: Is she? I saw her a few days ago and she said she .
3 a: Sarah gets on fine with Paul.
b: Does she? Last week you said each other.
4 a: Joe knows lots of people.
b: That’s not what he told me. He said anyone.
5 a: Jane will be here next week.
b: Oh, really? When I spoke to her, she said away.
6 a: I’m going out tonight.
b: Are you? I thought you said at home.
7 a: I speak French quite well.
b: Do you? But earlier you said any other languages.
8 a: I haven’t seen Ben recently.
b: That’s strange. He told me last weekend.

➜ Additional exercise 25 (page 316) 95

Unit
48 Reported speech 2
A We do not always change the verb in reported speech. If the situation is still the same, it is not necessary to
change the verb to the past. For example:
direct Paul said, ‘My new job is boring.’
reported Paul said that his new job is boring.
(The situation is still the same. His job is still boring now.)
direct Helen said, ‘I want to go to Canada next year.’
reported Helen told me that she wants to go to Canada next year.
(Helen still wants to go to Canada next year.)
You can also change the verb to the past:
Paul said that his new job was boring.
Helen told me that she wanted to go to Canada next year.
But if the situation has changed or finished, you need to use a past verb. Compare:
Paul left the room suddenly. He said ‘I have to go.’ (direct speech)
Paul left the room suddenly. He said (that) he had to go. (not has to go)

B You need to use the past in reported speech when

what was said is different from what is really true. Joe is in hospital.
For example:
RACHEL
You met Rachel a few days ago. She said:
Have you heard? Joe is in hospital.
Later that day you meet Joe in the street. You say: Rachel said
Joe, this is a surprise. Rachel said you were in hospital. you were
(not ‘you are in hospital’ – it’s clear that he isn’t) in hospital
JOE

C say and tell

If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell:
Rachel told me that you were in hospital. (not Rachel said me)
What did you tell the police? (not say the police)
Otherwise use say:
Rachel said that you were in hospital.
(not Rachel told that …)
What did you say?
You can ‘say something to somebody’:
Anna said goodbye to me and left. (not Anna said me goodbye)
What did you say to the police?

D We say ‘tell somebody to …’ and ‘ask somebody to …’ .

Compare direct and reported speech:
direct ‘Drink plenty of water,’ the doctor said to me.
reported The doctor told me to drink plenty of water.
direct ‘Don’t work too hard,’ I said to Joe.
reported I told Joe not to work too hard.
direct ‘Can you help me, please,’ Jackie said to me.
reported Jackie asked me to help her.
You can also say ‘Somebody said (not) to do something’:
Paul said not to worry about him. (but not Paul said me)

96 Reported speech 1 ➜ Unit 47 Reported questions ➜ Unit 50B

 Unit
Exercises 48
48.1 Here are some things that Sarah said to you earlier:

I’ve never been to the United States. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.

I can’t drive. I don’t like fish. Jane has a very well-paid job.

I’m working tomorrow evening. Jane is a friend of mine. Dave is lazy.

But later Sarah says something different to you. What do you say?

Sarah You
1 Dave works very hard. But you said he was lazy.
2 Let’s have fish for dinner. But
3 I’m going to buy a car.
4 Jane is always short of money.
5 My sister lives in Paris.
6 I think New York is a great place.
7 Let’s go out tomorrow evening.
8 I’ve never spoken to Jane.

48.2 Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
1 Anna said goodbye to me and left.
2 us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?
3 Don’t just stand there! something!
4 I wonder where Sue is. She she would be here at 8 o’clock.
5 Dan me that he was bored with his job.
6 The doctor that I should rest for at least a week.
7 Gary couldn’t help me. He me to ask Chris.
8 Gary couldn’t help me. He to ask Chris.
9 Don’t anybody what I . It’s a secret just between us.
10 ‘Did Kate you what happened?’ ‘No, she didn’t anything to me.’

48.3 The following sentences are direct speech:

Don’t wait for me if I’m late. Mind your own business.

Please slow down! Can you open your bag, please? Don’t worry, Sue.

Hurry up! Will you marry me? Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?

Now choose one of these to complete each of the sentences below. Use reported speech.
1 Will was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up .
2 Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked .
3 Sue was nervous about the situation. I told .
4 I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I .
5 The security guard looked at me suspiciously and .
6 The man started asking me personal questions, so I .
7 Carl was in love with Maria, so he .
8 I didn’t want to delay Helen, so I .

➜ Additional exercise 25 (page 316) 97

 Present simple and preseht continuous

1a Look at sentеnсes 1-7 and matсh them to rulеs a-9. Wе use the present сontinuous for:
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2 -]аsоn pIays оn1inе B0 hоurs а wееk.
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5 Pеоp е do things in diffеrеnt ways. spеakеr. --
6 g
--

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сontinuous form of the verbs and adverbs.
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р t.е 5.е n t. с. 9.0.t !'n.ц.a.a's. kr е 5 е.0.t. 5! n.р.| е.' сomputеrl(|).,--.,--... (а]waуsdо)
Тhе advеrb of frеquеnсy o!wру.sАр.п9,tjn-es goеs with thе
my homеwоrk on it first' 0h, gооdl \4y brоthеr
pt.е5.е-n.t{9!1.tInцQц.5/.р.rе-5.е'n.t')'i.nр./eto tа|[ about frеquеnt aСtions
(finish) nоw. It,s 7pm and hе
that аnnoy thе pеrson whо is spеаking'
(n) lusuаl|v ,.-/ to sее l. s
\"-*.. , oО) Гr еnd аt
_pт
Мy LU"r Lo L,]sе L^е сoтp-Lеr at last.
 l Look at these pеop|e and pets. Work with а partner.
Whiсh pet do you think be|ongs to eасh person? Guess.
Statе and actlОn Vеrbs
1а Look at thesе sеntenсes. Do thе
vеrbs in bo|d dеsсribe statеs and
situations or do they desсribе
асtions?

')

4
5

6
7 Now know thа. :=.
owПеl.s сan bе s.l. .
8 don't understand
thеу,rе simi аr'

1 b Look at the sentenсes again.

Are thеy in the present simpIе
or prеsеnt сontinuous? Why?

1с Putthe vеrbs in bold from

the сorrесt Iists.

] vеrbs оf fее|ing:

l hatе, Want, рrеfеr, nеео

2 vегbs о|th1nking:
thе nеxt tаsk you mаtсh tl.е sс=... : ',.
In '. ...lе СOrrеСt informаtioП
Whаt shоuld yоu do lэеfоrе \.., j.:. . :a .'l;
fia'о'p ,g-р^Ое' .,(.
1- - r

l;...il r:i.]:: #i
Listen to the fivе peop|е talkin9 аbout their pets
: :J:. 3 vеrbs оfthе sеnsеs:
on а ТV programme. Cheсk your prediсtions in ]. How many did
you get right? hеаr, sее, г'5rе 5rrс , '?? :.2.l
'l 4 4 vеrbs оf pоssеssiоn:

25
з

':'i
ф Listen again. Whiсh speаkеr ... GRAMMAR RЕtЕRЕNcE ) pаqе 16

Deсide if eaсh vеrb dеsсribes а state or an

sounds Iike their pеt?
'I

aсtion. Then сhoosе thе сorrесt altеrnative.

a
be|iеvеs they undеrstand what their
1 lQQn,tQii i. E(1pg far my pеt snаkе'
)a-уq'| in'q'I|/АIе.уag kaр-Iу1ag whеrе li is?
doеsn,t own thеir idеаl
3
4
2 sn,t hе аttraсtivе? Ае |ррks/i: |oo.L|ng 1rkе а
isn,t very асtivе?
fi m star.
owns a pеt whiсh tries to mаkе
thеm happy?
3 Мy sistеr hqs'g.q.t1i:..h's'ul.,-n.с a nеW pеt'

o еnjoys physiса| aсtivitУ?

4 )aсk СаП,t spеak to you аt thr mornеnt'
|1е hgs/js h.s.u!1.g а shоwеr'
doеsn.t sееm to еnjoy doing
7
housework?
5 Dо'у'q'|'!':q||'' '!'к')р-u КI,:9 L"е
answеr nоw?
hasn.t got a Vеry healthy lifesty|e?
d.р n|t.u n'с|еrstвn d/р.n.'n.o't.'q.n d'е ts.ta'nd'! n.g a
word уou.rе saying.
sPЕAк|NG Whаt about you? 0K, ОK, dоn,t gеt angrу.
,] ..'- ].' ]].а Оеt? f ПOt,do,vou knоwanyonеwhо hasа pеt? 'b.9.|1-е.уф.r1'
hе.|tеuing уau
2 |' - '' -. .- .. -:., эl j \ ОJ. cеt аrе slml]аr in any way? Id'оn',t'li.kе/qn.пОt liking lhis fi m. wаnt/оn
З ]: ''-...., j.']^: ''.: ssiгl аl-tОthеlrpеt?
1

]Цa1|lng tо |еаvе now'

3 Сomplеtе the sentеnсеs with the сorreсt form of 5 Comp|etе thе diаlogue with the prеsent simple or thе
thеsе vеrbs. presеnt сontinuous form of the verbs givеn.
Rvдш: |ti, l\/oIly. How arе you? You
fееl hеar Iook sееm smеIl sound tastе
(а) (sоund) rеa ly haрpy.

] | ovе istеning to thаt ПеW Сo dp|ay СD MoLrv: аm (b) (havе) а grеat tlГnе.

t п rр)т Ryдш: Whеrе аrе you?

2 Mmmm. Whаt аrе yоu сооking? lt dе iсlоus' MoLry: |(с) . .. . .. (stаy) at my Сousin ti|yЪ hоusе'

\^/аnt to trу |t. Ryдш: [ily? Аh, yеs. Now (d) (rеmеmbеф. ShеЪ thе

З Whаt,s thе mattеr? You dоn,t ..-'... .' ..''...'''..''..'' Vеry onеwho(e) ... .. . ..... .. (hаvе) аhousеnеаrtnеСoast.
сhееrfuI today' MоLLv: Тhаt,sright.Wе,infaсt,thеhоusе(f) .

4 Еmma ]ikе hеr sistеr' Тhеir pеrsоnаlitiеs arе (bе оng) to a good friеnd оf my соusin. Shе a1ways
vеry diffеrеnt but thеlr аppеaraПСе is almоst idеntlсa|' (s) ... . . .. (]еt) hеr stay whеn shе
5 Thеrе is tоо muсh sugar in this соffее' |t (h)... .... ..... (want).
Ioo sWееI' Ryдш: Аnd whаt (i) . . . .......... .''.' you.'.',..'.''.''..'.' (dо) nоw?
6 Саn yo! '..'''..'''..''..'',..',, thе sоund that thе bird Мorry: I U) . . . .. .. (gеt) thе tаb|е rеаdу fоr dinnеr'

Li|y (k)
1s making?
(сoоk) rеa |y wе |. Shе
/ \О."( nаno s сo О, lt кr \ е,
(l) . . .
. .. (mаkе)somеthlngspесia for

4a Write sеntеnсes about thе things in the piсtures. For еaсh tоnight' t (m) (smе ) grеat'

sentenсe usе onе ofthе vеrbs аnd at leаst onе ofthe Rудп: Stорl Yоu (n) ir.аkе) mе hungry. Аnуwаy,
adjесtives. (o) . . . ilееd) to gО now. Somеbоdy
(p) ... .. .. . .. . (сa |) mе.
,
I phоnе agаin sоon'
Verbs
MoiLv: 0K' Byе'
fеe| Iook sme|| sound tastе
6 sPЕAк|NG Nowсompletethesesentenсеsaboutyoursе|fand
Adjесtives then prediсt your partner,s answers. Сompare prediсtions.
:,,,,,:,.

сo|d
4,,4,,r,4',':,,att, t ..t
t

de|iсious frightеning grеat hard t:': t..: :",. :

t:, :l ....,:. t,
::

horrible Ioud soft warm Wеt

',1:

1 Ynr r thinl

l:a 2 You think Iooks rеa||у attraсtivе

... З You usuaIlу feе| on Mondaу
''..''..''..',
a:t mornlng.
|.. 4 You aiways rеmеmber
:]: 5 You don,t Undеrstand
::: о don,t nееd,.. .. .., '... '.- ...- to bе hapру.
You
|.' 7 You don,t bе iеvе in
... 8 The mоst important thing you own
::t is

YoUR PARтNER
,l Your рartnrr thinks qоt nгlq пrдяt
2 Your partneг thinks ooks rеa |y
attraсtiVе.
З Yo;r рaгТ1rr us;a y,еe s
Mondaу mornlng'
4 IUU . nэr+nA.
V^| Pо|L| L э|rдrдr,q
ol\!OуJ 1д56mЬarо
IvjIg IUЕ|D

5 VnI
|Uu|r nArtnё. г]nдcn,т
lJо|L| U uvuJ | n..{^".t...l
I t u| uq Эto'|u
Yоl lr nа"tгe. .]Ос]s.t'т nеe(l
napрУ
7 Yо tr ne.-rдr г]nрcг't hо| gуg 11.1

B Thе most important thing уour nartaar A\A/na e

4b Reаd out your sentеnсеs to your partner, but do not

givе thе namе of the things you аrе desсribing. Саn they
identify whiсh things you arе desсribing?

lthink it fеels сold аnd wet, but

How wе| did you dо thе |аst аСtivity? Why is it lГПportant to
I,m not surе.It looks frightening!
rеflесt оn aСtivitiе5 whеn yоu finish thеm?
SтUDYsK|LLs ) page 146
Is it а snаke?
Yеs' it is!

Unit I
 .
.# . Listen to a сonvеrsation betwееn two 5 Сomp|еtе тhе sе.:+..=) '', :^ ]*is:'On ta9s.

= ':
teenagers, Mеgan and Ellie, on their first day of sсhool.
What аre eaсh pеrson,s hobbiеs?
L. :

МеqаиЬ
J'
hobЬrcs'

4 ''
t | |
L-_'t
,'
t!11 .с 1'''лр'" с.

5 Yourbrоthеriii';.: : .. l
Cаn you сomplеte thе diaIogue? Listеn again
if nесеssary.
6 '|а| bo,'s.ll . -

7 |еr dad dоеsn,t ikе . ]

Mгсдш; Нi. You,rе Luсy,s СoUsin, arеП,t yoU? 8 jor еo'dBе | 1 '

Еrrtг; Yеs, that,s right. Мy namе,s ЕIIlе'

6 sPЕAкlNG Тest your partnеr. ТeIl your pаrtnеr to сlosе
Mгсдш; l,m Mеgan.Тhis is your (a) ,.'', yеаr thеir book. Say thе first part of thе sеntеnсе and ask your
at this sсhoо|, ]sn,t it? partnеr to сomplеte it with a quеstion tag.
Еlrtг; Yеs, wе Гnovеd hoUsе in thе summеr аnd this
You,Vе got a sistеr, ...
sсhоo is С osеr to whеrе wе lVе ПOW.

Mrсдш; Неy, Е |iе,.yоu dоn,t p|ay (b) , dо you? .'' hаvеn,tуou?

Wе nееd nеw plaуеrs fоr thе tеапl,

Еt-t.tг; | р|аy a litt|е, but

,m
not vе11, gооd, Prасtiсe makes perfeсt
Mвсдш; Dо yоu р аy any othеr sрorts? 7a SPEAкING Writе down six things you think your pаrtnеr likеs

ЕLrtr: J геа|ly еnjоy (с) , but

,m or doеsn,t likе doing in their free timе.

Пot in a сilb оr tеаm or aПVthiПg

7b Ask your pаrtnеr about their hobbies. Use question tаgs for
Мгсдш: Sо, whаt a[е your оthеr hоbblеs thеn? сonfirmation аnd to kееp thе сonvеrsаtion going.
ЕLrtг; l,m mad аbout гnusiс'
TzII mе somеthing аbout
Мгсдш.. Rеаi y? Ме toо. What kind оl musiс dо you ikе?
your hobbiеs, You likе plауing
Еrrtг; | ]ikе a|| sorts, but my favоuritе is (d) thе guitar, don,t уou?
Mвсдш; Nоw ] rеmеmbеrl Yоu сan pJay thе
(e) .. '. ... ...''.'','', Сan,t yоu? Luсy to|d mе оnсе' Yеs, l do. I p|ау in а bаnd.

Еrrtг; Yеаh, |,m in а bаnd. Wе arеn,t (f) but

You plaу in a band with Jаn, don,t уou?
] Пееd to praСtisе morе'

Мгсдш; Dо you knоw ]оsh, Jоsh sП,]ith? Hе p|аys thе guitаr

too. сomе on. [еt mе intrоdlсе уou to hitт 7с Whеn you finish, have а different сonvеrsation with a
'

nеW partner.

sPЕAк|NG Praсtisе thе сompletеd dialoguе in 2 with

your pаrtner.

Look at the question tags in thе Speaking Bank. Wе

use quеstion tags when We Wаnt somеbody to сonfirm
somеthing. Choose the сorreсt а|ternаtive.

] Wе usе лоu n5/51.b]ес.!''p191.0ln5 at thе еnd оf q uеstiоn tags'

2 Wе usе aцх'1|1q'ry у9-1|s and..|rр bе'|nq!.l r.еthl lП
qUеstioП ta95.

З Usuа||y thе quеstion tag in aп аffirmаtlvе sеntеnсе ]s

a,f.f[!1g't|V'е/nеgattyе and thе quеstiоn tag in а ПеgatiVе

(AlLе. -е .
e-'',:--.-:''-,'|..,,.,1.,,?,еgaГ . I

Question tаgs
. You,rе Luсy,s сousin, аren't you?
. This is yоur first yеаr at ihis sсhоо, isn,t it?
. Yоu likе rосk musiс, don,t you?
. You don,t play bаskеtbа 1, do you?
. You Саn play аn instrumеnt, сan,t you?
 ti

Present simple and present сontinuous

1 Arе thеse sеntenсes сorrесt or not? lf not, сorrесt them. 2 Put the verbs given in the present simplе or prеsent
] ,n-]
Пot usuа |y going to sсhоoi lэy bus' сontinuous.
2 Yоl,rе а wаys intеrrupting mе. I don,t ikе it. Sлвян: Неy, Sаm Why (a)
3 Мy friеnds and p аy somеtimеs footbа|| aftеr sсhoo|. (wеar) а jасkеt and а tiе? Yоu (b) ,.'..'..''.''.''.'..''..'.. .. (пot
4 Аdam is iving in Nеw Yоrk but hе wants to сoГnе usua||y wеаф suсh smаrt с|оthеs'
nomе soon.
5дм: (с) |оr а;ob intеrvlеw.
5 Мia сan,t spеаk to you at thе momеnt bесаt-lsе shе doеs
|

Пеr Пol.nеWorK.
(d).''.
'..'..'.. '..'.''..'' (start) to gеt borеd tгris SUllllllеl,

6 Whеrе аrе pеngu ns iving, in thе Аrсtiс оr thе Аntarсtiс? sitt]ng at hоmе doing notniПg.
Snпян: l\4y slstеr аnd аrе borеd too, bUt that,s bесаusе wе
WORKBOOK ) page4 /6 (e) . . . . . (wоrk) еVеrySulт]mеr.Wе(f)
lsаVе) Up monеy to DUy а ПеW сotПpUtеr

WORKBOOK ) page 4 /6
State and actiОn Verbs
3 Сhoose thе сorтeсt aIternаtive. 6 оvеd drinking mi k whеn ] was а kid but nоw | р-rеfеrkn
] Сan Wе stop аt thе bank? | n.ееd1дn.n.е.еd.!ng.somе monеy' эrеfеrrtng. juiсе or соkе.
2 Саn yoU aП5Wе|' my qlеstiоn? Doурц..knp'w/А19уaLl..kna-Wу]g. 7 У''|hу da уou..lppk/.s.rе.у.a.ц.b.o.k!ng aut of thе window?
thе answеr? 8 оor LI now wt o ti s doq bе|оnоs, ts bе|onоinо тa-
3 How аrе уoо? p-qуau h.оу.е/А1е.у9-u...h.a.Vins a gоod timе?
4 Hе didn,t hаvе аny mопеy whеn hе wаs smа but пow hе
WoRKBooк | page7 / I points
a!|n5l.5.aw.n!.ag.th rее ma nsionsl
Whаt,s thе prоb|еm nоw? You d.p-n.|.t.sее.n1
arеn Г sееmlna .aООv.

Аppearance PersonaIitу

1 Look at the piсtures and сomplete the sеntenсes with thеse words. 2 What аrе thе oppositеs of thеsе words?
,l quiеt
baId сur|y ovеrwеight straight ugIy wе||-bui|t
2 trdy

5 сhееrful
А str pid

5 friеndIy

6 Пar0-WorK]ng
'l -]аnе's hаir is rеa||y Suzannе atе a |ot оvеr Сhristmаs
7 pаtiеnt
isn,t it? t has no wаvеs аt a and now оoks a ]itt|е bit
WORKBOOK ) page 2 /7

Synonуms and partial sуnОnуms

Write а synonym for eaсh word.

,l ShеЪ а vеryp11g!1 studеnt.
-ццQ-e-r.t!цe-c

Hе,s not vеrу niсе to ook at, to bе

honеst. Не,s а itt|е bit 2 Do yоl think hеЪ -а-t11qфyq?
З Тhis qUеstioП ]s rеа1|y

4
-фf!g!r.]1.
Shе sееms a vеry !-aр-py pеrson.
5 Dо you сonsidеr yoursе|f tо bе аn

-о-цtgqi1щ
pеrsоn?
6 Сan yoU sее that о.1.d аdy ov..r thеге?
7 Do yоu think that maths is.[q1Q?
Мy dаd Wеnt..'''.'''..'',..',,.' .. .. . whеn Vе a Ways Wаntеo tо hаvе stralght
hе wаs iп his twеntiеs. hair. lt4y hаir,s tоo
WORKBOOK ) page 5 /7

WORKBOOK ) page 2 /6 ts

ъ.''?
&
c Grаmmar l Past simp|е, past сontinuоus аnd pаst perIeсt > Used to
: VoсabuIary l Transрort аnd trаveI l Aссommodаtion
l Phrаsа| vеrbs соnneсted with trаvе|

Sрeaking l At a trаin station

Writing ) A pоstсаrd

Transport and travеl

1 Work with a partnеr' What types of transport сan you sеe in
the photos? Write them in the сorrесt сo|umns. Whаt infоrmаtiоn dо yоu nееd tо writе dоwn and rеvisе
for nеw words whlсh you add to yоur vосаbu1аry iist
.146
or nоtеbоok? SтUDY sK|LLs > pagе

Aссommodation
5 Matсh thе photos with these words.

bеd and brеakfast саmpsitе сaravan hotеI

motе| tеnt youth hostе|

'*

1!r
4
;.1

With a partner, add thesе Words to the сolumns. (an

you think of any more words to add? (ompare lists with
another pair and аdd any nеw words.

fеrrу |orry roсkеt spaсеship Van

3 Сomplete the text with these words.

arrivaIs саnсel сatсh dеIay departures fаrе

Iuggage miss p|atform return sing|е tiсkеt offiсe

Whеn yоu gо tо thе station to (а) .. .. .. .. ...''..''.''..''..'''.. a train,

if yоu dоn,t аlrеady havе a tiсkеt you go аnd buy оnе аt thе
(b) ....... .. .. .. You саn buy а

(с) (if yоu,rе оn y gоing оnе way) оr а

(d) (if you,rе сoming bасk). Thе

(e) is morе ехpеnsivе whеп yоu travе| first.

с|ass bесаusе it,s mоrе сomfortаb|е and yоu havе mоrе spaсе 6 SPЕAкING Work with a partner. Exp|ain the differenсe
Тhеrе isn,t an еXtГa Сost for (f) you СaП betwееn these words.
Lo[е а. еasL LWo or r]. rее big оogs ] hotе /гnоtе| 2 hotе|/yоuth hostе З hоtе|/bеd аnd bгеakfаst
4 tеПt/сaravaП 5 tеnt/Саmрsltе
Whеn yоu havе yоlr tiСkеt, yoU nееd tо find thе
(s) .. ... ... .. .. . whеrе your trаin is |еaving from. f А motel is а typе of hotеl, lt,s nеXt to а big roаd.
yоu arrivе lаtе, you mаy (h) yоur train' But Peoplе usuаllу Stау there whеn thеу drivе о
somеtimеS thеrе саn bе а (i) long distаnсе аnd wаnt to rеst аnd slеep.
and yоut
train doеsn,t arrivе on timе' Аnd sоmеtimеs, thеrе,s no train at а]|

itI lt,s important tо kееp t.l$ЕA|t!lt* #й 1'*{t Listen to thesе сonvеrsations.

Where are the peoplе? Сhoose from thеse alternаtivеs.
oоking at thе informаtiоn sсrееns whiсh show thе
(k) (thе timеs that trains arе сomlng intо bеd and brеakfast сaravan hotеI mote|
thе stаtion) and thе (l) (thе timеs that p|atform tеnt tiсkеt offiсe youth hostеl
trains аrе еaving).
'l 3
4 ff} t"A? Listеn аnd сheсk your answers.
24

Unit 2
 Past simple, past and рast perfeсt

1а Look at these sentenсes. Whiсh tеnsеs are thе verbs in? З Wе usе thе [o tа]К аDoUt

a Thе tеаm bеgan and еnded thе triр оl гnotоrbikеs' aсtiVitiеs n progrеss at a П-]oГnеnt !n thе pаst, to
b Whilе thеy werе sаiIing frоm Тimor iо Аustгa iа a stоrm dеsсrlbе sсеnеs in а storV oI dеsсriоtion, or to tаlk aboUt
t
hit thеrn. аn aсtiVlty in prоgrеss n thе pаst that is intеrruptеd by
с Тhеy had spеnt thе whо|е dа1, оn lhеlr lэikеs whеn it dПo Ае' о( L O. . .'.'.' .

stаrtеd гaining.
1с Rewritе thеse sentenсes, first in the negative form and
1b (omplеtе thе rulеs with pсst post сontinuous or
slm ple, then in thе quеstion form.
pаst perfесt' Thеn matсh 5еntеn(еs a-с with еaсh rulе.
,l 1 Тhеу bеgan thе trip oП motorbikеs'
Wе usе tг.; '...'.....'....,
to tа k аbоut aСtions
2 Thеy wеrе sаiIing frоm Trmor to Аustra ia
thаt hаpl.lеc оеfоrе anоthеr аСtron in thе past.
З Thеy hаd spеnt thе dаy оn thеir b kеs,
2 \iu,е .lsс il.е tо dеsсribе fiпishеd
aСt OПs or sltuаtlons in thе past, or to sаy that onе thing GRAMMAR RЕFERЕN0Е ) paqе 28
hарpепеd аftеr anothеr.

2a Put thеse vеrbs in thе сorreсt form of thе past simpIe or Write sеntеnсes in the past perfeсt to еxplаin the
past сontinuous. situations. Look аt the exampIe.
Why was shе сrying? miss thе p|anе
buy саtсh hear |ook ridе shinе snow wait
Bсрдцs.'-.аhс.lцаd.rиt.l1p/.'1tr.'.o.1"ou-,
1 Whеn l еft homе this morning, thе sun
1 Why сol|dn,t hе find his bikе? somеbody stеaI it
2 thе bus аt 8'45.

Whiе ] my brkе to sсhоо this morniп9, 2 Why did thеy buy а nеw сar? hаvе the oId one for
,l5
yеars
| 5aW an aСС|CеnI.

4 Whеn wе arrivеd at thе stаtioП, а ot of pеоp е

З Why Wе|.е you sсarеd of f уing? nеvеr f|y bеforе
to bUy tiСkеts'

5 Shе hеr tiСkеt and got оn thе trаin.

Why was еvеrything Whitе ln thе mоrning? snow thе
(сmрhcdr .,tо|e h' ' n l\\.ol L whi|е hе night bеforе
fоr somеthlng in his Iuggagе'

Thеrе was a dе|ay with thе p aпе bесаusе lt

5 Why didn,t shе pass hеr еxаm? not study muсh
vеrу hard.

8 As shе wаs еaving thе shop, shе

6 Why didnt thеy |еt him boаrd thе p|аnе? losе his passport
somеbodу са hеr namе.

2b Look at the words while and os in sentеnсes 3, 6 and 8. Do 7 Why didnt А еx hаvе аny monеу? spend it
they usua||y go with the past simpIe or past сontinuous?

3 Сhoosе the bеst altеrnativе. 8 Why did shе mlss thе bus? not get to thе bus stop оn time

1 fеl as ееp whi|е уу.a.tI'hg.d'|уу.a5.'W.с.г.фt.lg thе li m.

2 Тhе tеaсhеr сa еd mе baсk as |еft/w(]5''|еsvng thе с|assroom
сorreсt the mistakes in thе sentеnсes.
3 Thе hеаdmastеr сс ry]е-1\1!a5 QГnj19 in whi е wе wеrе dоing 1 Whеn еvеrybоdy gоt оn thе traln, it had lеft thе stаtion'
tnе еХam.
2 was having unсh whеn my friеnd wаs сalIing mе оn
4 Аs wе d.rрuе-1уе-rеj1jutn-q to thе аirport, rеа isеd dldn,t havе
my moDIL!Д.
my passport.
5 Whi еуoо s.fiорре-d/wgrc'5haрр109' thrее pеop|е сa еd
3 Shе wаs running ln thе park whi|е shе sаw hеr friеnd'

for you.
4 Whеn L rесеivеd hеr еmai I had rеad lt'

6 Shе n.е.|/-\1|a5.ГЛе-с.(!лg оnе оf hеr friеnds whi е shе wаs taking

5 Wl^ег "^/е
Wtrr^ ч-а]| wе ц g1о go .lQ еr е., л l^еrе b1 b*s

thе dog for a walk. 6 Whеn I was switсhing thе |ight off |еft thе room'

7 Аs wе 1a'|kgd'lу)!еrc-t-q|king, rеа|isеd that l,d mеt hеr bеfоrе. 7 was mаking а sаndwlсh whеn I was сutting my fingеr.

8 Тhеy didn,t spеak whi|е thеy dldlи,,еrе d.altls thеir homеwork. 8 Whеn Wаs puttlng my рyjamas on, I gоt intо bеd'

Unit 2
 Used to

1a Look at the sentenсes then mаtсh thе

сorreсt hаlves ofthe ruIes.
Sеntеnсеs
] МoГuo Po|o usеd to ' .
f еСр.
of in|оrmаtion'
2 Тhеy didn,t usе Ic .. ': ];..s,
3 DidL[r) usetoо(,,.,'...

t
UniСorns ехistеd?
INDIA
4 Тhеy usually mеntiог .. s

5
lNDoсHlNA
Mа.сoDoоdiеdо . '
Rules
] Wе usе usеd tо Ia ta k atэo-
2 Wе usе thе pаst simp е to la kсlс-. '''...'''''

3 Wе lsе thе prеsеnt simplе alс -s-'сii1

Lo Lа \ аOoUL

a prеsеnt habits'
b оа.т l.аbits t. аL оo nот hаppе. r о l'
с sing е aсtions in thе pаst'

1b Write thе nеgative and question forms of

Work with a partnеr and guеss the аnswers to thеse questions. this sеntenсe.
1 What yеar Wаs Мarсо Pо|o bоrn?
Тhеy usеd to t[aVе by horsе l,l,2:4-
d l)+
ь 1496
GRAMMAR RЕFЕRENGE ) paqе 28
с 56З

Whаt was thе tit|е оf thе bоok hе wrotе?

a Еpiс jоurnеуs
b Тhе dеsсrtptian of thе world
2 Сomplеtе the sentenсes with the сorreсt form
с Аround thе wor|d in Ba dауs
of used to.
] Somе pеop е think
Why was hе fаmоus?
а Hе was thе first Еuropеаn to trаVе tо Сhinа
lniсоrns еxistеd

b Не bесаmе аn еmpеror. 2 Тhеy wеar jеans in thе

с Hе сrеatеd famous Сhinеsе аnd tа]]аn rесipеs.
thirtееnth СеntUry.
Wаs his bоok fасt or fiсtion?
o I dt
3 Тrаnsport Oе ГnUСn s|owеr

b
t

Fiсtiоn thrее hundrеd yеars ago.

с Faсt with somе |iсtiоn A о^9 Linе ago pеop|е
bеliеvе that thе sun wеnt around thе еarth
i-::iЕ*i*;* gfi:-тз Listen to аn expert ta|king about Mаrсo Polo.
Whаt answers does she givе for the questions in 1? In Britаin in l6ОО mоst сhiIdrеn from рооr
fami|iеs . 90 tо sсhoо],
$) Тhеrе are six mistаkes in this text about Mаrсo Polo. Listen
again and сorreсt the mistakes. 6 Pеоp|е drivе сars in
,l/5О

rэ о lsеd tо ехaggеratе аnd invеnt dеtails. For еXaГnp|е, nе sаid

7 Bеforе DVDs, pеоp е ...'...'...'...'...'...,..'.. watсh

:] ] с tV ln Сhina hаd 50О bridgеs, but it оn|y hаd thirty. ТhаtЪ why VHS vidеos'

:.:: : саll hlm thе,man of а thоlsаnd Iiеs,. Fоr еХаГnр е, hе tа kеd 8 Pеоp|е travе by trаin and
:. r э.] '..',th big е еphants and mеn with thе hеads of dо9s. Hе s|^iо bеfo.^ thе ir, егt.ог oГ Lrе aе.op аrе
.. j:].j ^ .а t, l..lhеn hе Wrotе his bоok' Hе gаvе intеrеsting dеtais
9 Pеop е hаvе mobi е phоnеs.
--'.,.: :-.оое.|l it. Forеxamp|е, wе сan rеаd that in Еuгoре
- .:.j .- .. : :;э:| -cl-]е! bUithеydidn,tin Сhina.АJsо mаny 10 Маny pеop е bеliеvе l\4аrсо
::.: ] ]. . -:. ] ^:.::э..s..itattlmе'Аndinthе 1Зthсеntury PoIo,s book was faсt, not fiсtion.

-': . :.]' -:]. ::s.. j:.' ::зnc сouldsеnd |еttеrs, butthеу

 Look аt this British train tiсkеt аnd сomp|ete
thе information beIow.
] ,....dеpа'L*.е
1nl в*т з NNF lL sGL
2 '-, ,-- ^ат a. l+:rт ]эtе
\!ilaer
З trа' е||ing ;r-srцшn 53386 ь9?5zss1?5
'.' '...l
4 Numbеr of pеоp|е travе|ling ^l r '-tt'r
t a+
5 Sing е Rеturr] ТЕRг11Ьinls ??.зЕР'fi9
LOND0l-l
6 Гirst с ass,Stагda'd?
i.
'
1с.

7 Priсе

2 t..:$]*flJiFl* #} '*"jA Listen to a сonversation 5 Work with a pаrtner. Prepare a dia|ogue using thе Guidе beIow.
bеtween a gir| and a tiсket agent. Сhoosе the Conversation Guide
сorreсt altеrnative and сomplеtе thе missing
Tlскгт orгtсrn: Offеr tо hе|р thе сUstomеr.
details.
Сusтoмгв:
] Dеsti n аtiо n' Сq n.b.r'i d gg /С.q'11е r'b.ц r,у
Аsk fоr thе timеs of traiПs to Nеwсast
oггtсгп: Givе thе timе of thе nеХt train.
е.

2
Тtсквт
Whеn trаvеiIing: Т'a'd'qу/.Трn'sуЮg
Сusтомвп: Аsk thе trаin is dirесt.
3
]f
Timе оf dеparturе: 3j5pn/б Q5рл,l
Тtскгт oггrсгп: Sау уеs.
4 Di.rе.с! trg'i n/dhq'ngе.trq.|'n5| Сusтoмгп: Ask fоr а tiсkеt.
Dеta||s:
Тtсквт oггtсгп: Аsk if thе сUstomеr WaПts a sing1е оr rеturn'
5 5Lns|еIBеlцln|, Сusтoмвв: Sаy yоu Want a rеtUrП аnd say whеn yоu \,VаПt tС ;:^.: эaсk
Dеtai s: Ttскгт oггtсгв: G vе thе p"iсе'
6 Priсе: f2lбa/fiб.7р. Сusтoмгв: Ask hоw tо pay.
7 Соsh/{rеdit соrd Ttскrт oггtсгп: Rеp|y.

8 P|atfоrm: 8l Сusтoмгв: l ind out thе pIatform numbеr.

Тtскгт oггtсвв: Rеp|y and sаy gоodbyе'
3 #} Listen again. Cirсle the expressions in the
Speaking Bank whiсh you hear.
Praсtice makes perfeсt
6а sPЕAкlNG Look аt the task.

You are in Britain and you want to buy a train tiсket.

Find out:

the depaгture and аrriva| times of trains to youг

destination
if the train is direсt or not
the priсe
if you сan pay by сгedit сard
whiсh p|atform the train leaves from'

6b Work with а partner.

studеnt A: Lоok at pagе-]4б foг infоrmatiоn аbout thе tiсkеt yol l to buy

studеnt B: Yоu wоrk in thе tiсl'еt offiсе. [оо[. at pаgе ]49 fог rг.fcr-^...
.э. thе bеst way tо |еаrn usеfu еvеrydаy
Сс. .: : ,',оu?
is
аbоtlt diffеrent trаins Beсln thе СoПVеrsation Gооd гnоrгttnо,
:.:ss cns in Еng ish?
SтUDY sK|LLs ) page 146 ]l]
Rеmеmbеr to show thаt you undеrstаnd or dоn,t undеrstаr; :, .,:
..
..О.Г
е \olеS)ionS т[ е $6е3t !p9 ]31t .

Work with a pаrtnеr. Make a list of usefu|

quеstions to ask whеn you Want to buy a train
tiсkеt, Listеn again to thе сonversation in 2 if
П thi5 typе оf ехam aсtivity, hоw important is
l.}есе5sаrv.
infоrmatiоn you nееd tо ask fоr and givе? EХAМ suссЕss )

Unit 2
]] Read this postсard from Lily. Whiсh piсture shows whеre LiIy is now?
Put thе other two piсtures in the ordеr that Lily is going to visit thеm.

Нi l4o'x l

.r сo"n'ь Ье.|''eve i*
iп L.А. .. aL lq5L ! ] Нerе. t^le с{'re

";: *,.,;:1, 'уhсьL " i"-."i,t ,ШrШЦfl

ii i;tъiz #,у
у цir !fr" : ff; ; : : 7
"Y,;
ii;;; ;*
ii,fr:H tr
^н.ti'ffi,?.,'

жжl###fu tl\х Тk..'o.. .

€ fuoЬ.o". ("J
*уу.*fuЁ"i:?:;:ь.**-. hlчt|,+,'т
,l

Ох{o,J' Ь;r'"
[j:' н,.iТл,:;'!у!p,-"ух:,
oee 3o\{ sОэ/L-
-, Ох2 8WА
UьJiТ-€D ,<,N6'DO/v1
LeJ-,"*: ё-*

Rеаd the postсard again. Whаt does Lily say аbout ... !' Think of an аmazing ho|idаy dеstination аnd mаke notes
,l thе;ournеy tо los Аngе|еs? 2 Lоs Аnqе|еs? for a postсard. Use thesе quеstions to give you ideаs.
З shopping? 4 Univеrsа Studiоs? ] Whеrе arе yоu?

3 Look at Lily,s postсard and сomplete the еxamples in the 2 Whеrе atе you stаying?
Writing Bаnk. 3 Whеn did yоu gеt thеrе?
4 Did апythiпg goоd or bad hаppеn during yоuг jоurng1,7

5 How did yоu gеt thеrе?

lJs*fui w*rds and *xрress!оns t* givc *rnр}.:asis 6 What is thе p асе likе? Аrе yoU Vеry hаppy thеrе?
Why/Why nоt?
Here аrе some Wаys of giving emphasis to whаt we
write, to makе our writing more intеresting. 7 Whаt did you dо yеstеrday?
.. Wе сan usе Whоt + (оdjесtlvе) + nоun!, 8 Whаt arе yoUr p ans fог thе nехt fеw dа',sl.

!Whаt а bеоuttful dау!

? r ar;tix * т* y,kxu ;* r I r:: :.:.
Wе саn U5е 50 + аdjесtivе ar suсh + (оd1есtivе) + nОUn,
$x Look at the task.

You arе on holidav. \\'гitе a postсard to an

Wе саn usе do and did affirmativе sеntеnсеs,
1n
Еnglish-spеakins filеnd' Теl1 уour friеnd:
. tvhеrе \.ou arе and rr'hеrе you'rе staying
. rr.hat happеnеd on thе journеy
. lr.hat thе p1aсе is likе
Make thesе sentеnсes morе emphatiс by using thе . ц.hat you did yеstеrday and what your plans
word givеn. arе-for thе nеxt fеw days
] |t,s а busy сity. {.'vhal)
2 Thе f ight was awfu1. {suсh)

З Wе wеrе tirеd Whеn wе arrivеd. (sо] .;;

i:: Use your notеs from 5 to write your postсard.
4 | ovе Pаris. {сJ*)
Use the expressions in thе Writing Bank to аdd
еmphаsis and interеst.
5 Wе had а gоod trmе. idl*]
6 Wе wеrе hаppy to gеt baсk. lsо)

7 I,s a grеat hо iday !rтi:;t)

Whеn yоu finish a piесе оf writing in an ехаm, whаt dlffегеnt
8 ]tЪ a fantastiс p aсе fоr shоpрing. {suсl) tiilQ. dо to* nееd .o tiесk b"fо.е yо- .ord - r]
9 Wе wlsh yoU Wеrе hеrе' irir)
10 lt rаinеd a Iot yеstеrdаy' ld!d)
 Grаmmаr l Present simpIе and prеsent сontlnuous
l State аnd асtion vеrbs
VoсabuIаry l Appearanсe l PersonaIity
r Synonyms and partial synonyms
Speaking l Asking for and giving pеrsonal informаtion
Writing l An informaI email desсribing peоpIe

Appearаnсe Personality
1 Work with а pаrtnеr. Put these words in thе сorreсt сoIumn. 5 Matсh the personality adjeсtivеs with
their opposites.
bаld blondе сur|y dаrk fair good-|ooking ] sеrious а Unt]dу

|ong mеdium-height ovеrwеight plain 2 azу b unfriеndly

pretty 5h€{+ strаight tаll +hi]1 Ugly wеII-buiIt 3 tidy с talkativе
4 qUiеt d сhееrful, funnу
5 pаtiеnt е hard-working
Build Hеiqht Hair GenеraI 6 |riеndly f impatiеnt

tИLИ shnrt short hаиlso'иe

Mаtсh thеse personality adjeсtivеs with
thеir dеfinitions.

arrogant bossy сIеvеr niсе

.$ :....:. Listеn to thеsе words. Do wе pronounсe 9h in rеIiable sеlfish shy
these words?
.] \A/hеn yoL'r thiПk уoL.] arе bеttеr оr mоrе
hеight straight weight iП]рortаni iral оrhег оеоplе'

2 Whеl уoL On )'thllk аоо.li }.оursе f аnd

3b We only pronounсe gh in two of these words. Whiсh ones? How do we
уоu dоn,t сarе abоL.lt ornеl- реop е'
pronounсe gh in еасh of thesе two words?
3 Goоd, fгiеnd y, knd'
4 Gоod at еаrning and undеrstаnding things'
a|though bought саught daughtеr еnough ghost through
5 Whеn yoU аrе not Vеry сonfldеnt or
сomfortаb|е With othеr pеoplе'
SPЕAк|NG Work with a pаrtner. Tаke it in turns to desсribe thе people in
thе photos.
6 Whеn pеoр е саП dеpеnd on you or СoUПt
oП you to dо sоmеth ng.

7 Whеn you arе аlways tеiling оthеr pеоplе

WnаI Io oo'

.- i.::.:-i l.r]]!il .{sЕ i"*: Listеn to four people

taIking about thеmsе|vеs. What adjeсtivе
of pеrsonа|ity bеst desсribes eaсh person?
] Rоsе

2 Wi iam
3 Jеssiсa
4 Brаndоn

8a SPEAкING(hoose five adjесtives from

5 аnd 6 whiсh dеsсribe you. Te|| your
partner your adjесtives and say why
you сhose them.

lh quitе shу bесаusе IfееIа bit

nеrvous Whеn l mееt nеw pеoplе,

8b Now tеlI the с|ass about your pаrtner.

Нe,s short аnd а littlе Маria сhosе thе аdjесtivе'shy,

ovеrwеight. Не,s got bесausе shе feеls а bit nеrvous
Iong, dаrk hal. whеn shе mеets nеW pеoplе,

......::]::i.l

Unit I
 Reported speeсh - Sfatейenfs
1a Matсh the reported sentenсеs 1-9 with the direсt sentenсes а-i.
1 Hе said thаt somе оf his works took him a yеar to соmp|еtе а ,lt
may bе vа|uab е,
2 Shе tо|d us that shе knеw nothing аbоut modеrn аrt' b Sогге оf n; wor(s La|"е те а \ еаl Lo Сonp еLr.
З Thе artist said thе work had nееdеd dе iсаtе sсuIpting. с ,l
саn paint with a sing|е rabbit hаir.,
4 A friеnd toId hеr that it might bе vaIuаlэ|е. d ,|
knоw nоthing abоut mоdеrn art.,
5 Shе said shе was working oП а nеW prоjесt. е ,I
wi|| finish thе work sооn.,
6 Hе sаid hе,d alrеady paiпtеd 1оts of tiny piсturеs f ,Тhе
wоrk nееdеd dе|iсatе sсuIpting.,
7 Hе tо|d thе rеpоrtеr hе соu d palnt With а sing е 9 Vе а|rеаdv pа гtеd ots оf tiny оiсLu.еs.'
8 Hе said hе hаd to bе vеry сarеfu|. h ,l,m
working on a nеW pro]еСt.,
9 Hе sаid hе wou|d finish thе wоrk sооn. i ,|
havе tо bе vеry сarеfu|.,

1b Сhoose the сorrесt alternativе.

1 N'o-цn.s1Р-rpn8UЛ5 U5Ua y сhangе whеn thеy gо frоm dirесt to 4 With telI wе nе.еd/dan.|t nееd tо sаy thе pеrson wе
[еportео sреесn. spokе to.
2 Тhе tеnsеs оf mоst vеrbs сhо.рgg/!pр.|.t'с'h.s'n.9'е'in rеpоrtеd 5 With say and teII wе сlwсy; 'n'е-еdldan:t alууqуs.'nе.е,d,to
spееСn. usе that.
3 W t^ saу wе nееd .d-a1',t,,,:,,.?,е,Q,to sаy Lhе pе'soГ Wе Spore Io.
GRAMMAR RЕFЕRЕNсЕ ) оасе]0б

How do thеsе tеnses сhange in reported speeсh? Look at

the Grаmmar refеrеnсe for heIp.

Dirесt spеесh Rеportеd spеесh

1 prеsеnt simp е -l pаst ыrиp/е
.) nrt<Ant гnntinrrnrr< +

3 prеsеnt pеrfесt -l
4 рast simp1е +
5 wi|| э
6 саn+
7 mау+
8 must/hаvеto+

3 Сomplete the tabIe with these words.

4 Rewrite the sentenсes with told and thе words in braсkets.
а (wееk/month/year) ago hеrе thе dаy before ,l Тhе musiсians said thеy сolldn,t p|аy bесausе thеy didn,t
thefo!|owing(wееk/month/yеa0 today knоw thе muslс' (thе audiеnсе)
the prеvious (weеk/month/yеаф that thаt night Тhe уииslсtаиs toll the аиd|eисе theу co"/dи,t pkу
beса"se thсу d|dи,t kиoш the уииslc.
z You sаid you wantеd to bе a danсеr. (mе)
Dirесt spеесh
3 Kаtiе said shе wou|d nеVеr go on stagе again. (hеr musiс tеaсnе1
].П s (1)
4 Shе said thе соnсеrt hаd bееn fаntastiс' (us)
(2) thеrе 5 Тhе аrtists said thr ехhibitiоn wаs going tо bе a grеat suссеss
(з) that day (tnе rеportе15)
Тhе singеr sаid that shе was rесоrding nеw songs in hеr
(4)
studio that day. (hеr fans)
thе nеxt/fо||оwinq day 7 Тhе artist said hе had to stop moving (thе mоdе|)
(6) 8 Тhе соnduсtоr sаid thеy WеrеП,t goоd еnough tо bе in his
orсhеstrа. (thе two musiсiаns)

5 Now put the reportеd spеесh in 4 into dirесt speeсh.

.гоrth/yеа0 bеfоrе We саи,t plау tеса"sе wе doи,t k,ow the уииs|c.
 Reportеd speeэh - Commands

5 Look at the direсt аnd reported сommands and

answer the questions.
1 ,Bе
gооdl,
2 Thе tеaсhеrs tо|d thе сhi|drеn tо bе gоod.
З ,P|еasе
don,t touсh thе pаintings|,
4 hеy askеd thе сhiId.е^ ПoI Io LoU(l Lhе pa ^tirgs'

a Whiсh vеrbs сan Wе U5е to rеpоrt соmmands7

b Do wе сhange thе tеnsе оfthе vеrb from thе
dirесt соmmаnd or usе thе infinitivе in thе
rеpоrtеd сommand?
с Whеrе doеs лoг сomе in rеpоrtеd сommаnds that
arе Пеgativе?

GRAMMAR RЕFERЕN0E ) оaое ]06

'l:1

6 Report these сommands.

,l 'Pаv а.tе1tinn|, тl.е teаСhеr tо|d thе с|аss'

Тhе tеaсhеr
4 Complete the reported questions.
1 ,Did
you ikе thе ехhibition?,
,G
vе nе уou. tiсkеts, p|еаsе', liе тar аt tlе егtrа.се
Shе askеd him askеd thеm.

Thе man at thе еПtrаПСе

,Who
is your fаvоuritе аrtist?,
,Dоn,t
shоutl,his mum toId him
Shе wаntеd tо know
its mum

,Dо
you оftеn visit аrt gа еriеs?, ,P
dnn,t| t:[р
р:cд uU|| nЬntnc
.n<iг]о ,тnо
thд mI qр m . |! 9u
пl 'do
I LoJс |O\с U UlvJ uЕ
Shе аskеd him askеd thе visitors.
TЬр пr idо
,Wi yоu
rесommеnd thе еXhibition to othеr pеopiе?,

Shе аskеd him 5 ,Dоn,t

сomе hоmе lаtе|, Dad to|d mе

UAU

,Why
did you dесidе to sее thе ехhibition?,
6 ,t
]sr а hiооet h r,ch ltе a.L Lе"сhеr to|d |а(е
Shе wаrtео to '. ...
^Гow. '.
tе
I а.т tеасiеr

6 ,Аrе
you gоing tо buу anything in thе shоp?,
7 ,P
еasе writе a dеsсrption of thе painting fоr homеwоrk,,
Shе wаntеd tо KПoW tl.е tеасhеr аs(еd thе sI.dеnLs'

Тhе tеaсhеr
,Нavе
you еvеr bought аn оriginаl pa ПtiПg?,

Shе askеd 7 SPЕAк|NG Play in two teams. Take it in turns to try and
rеmember things that tеасhers askеd or to|d you to do this
week. You 9et one point for eaсh сorreсt sеntеn(е.

Оur Еnglish teасhеr аskеd us to do this ехеrсisэ'

5hе told
"s

Unit 8
 i&i
ili '
lt;.r

Reported spеeсh - Statеments

1 Look аt whаt this pop star said to a reportеr and rewrite a Shе said
thе sentenсеs in reported speeсh. b Shеtоd
1 ,m
happy tо bе hеrе tоday. с Shе said ..

2 l,m writing a lоt of nеw songs' d Shе said

3 |,lI go to а studiо to rесord thеm nеxt mоnth. е shе to|d
4 l wаs vеry inspirеd аftеr travе||ing to Моroссo ast wееk. f Shе said
5 l mаy gо аgain With my bаnd nехt yеаr. п (hр c:]d

6 ,vе
nеVеr p аyеd on stagе outsidе Еurоpе.
WORKBOOK ) page 66
7 must go now bесausе my fans arе wаiting for mе'
7 points

Reported spеech - Questions . .

2 Rewrite these reported quеstions in direсt speeсh. 5 askеd him whаt hе wоu d do with thе r.с-.
1 Shе аskеd mе whаt l wаs doinq thеrе.

6 аskеd him how mаny pagеs thе boоk had

2 Тhеy askеd mе whеn I hаd arrivеd

7 askеd hеr ifthаt bag was hеrs'

З
|
Тhе tеасhеr askеd him if hе knеw what thе аnsWе| Wd5

4 Thе intrrviеWеr WаПtеd to knоw if shе hаd еvеr writtеn а |оvе sоng' WORKBOOK ) page 69 / 7 points

Reportеd speeсh - Commanids

3 Write the direсt сommands. 4 askеd hеr not to s]Пg thаt song
,l Тhе pо iсе оffiсеr tо|d him to gеt oUt оf thе сat
5 Thеy tо1d Гnе to tUrn rоund s owly.
2 Тhеy toId mе Пot to paПiС.
6 Shе askеd him not to intеr[Upt hеr
3 i;; t; ; :.' o.oБ ....,. ";.'ii. ..;.i'iL,
WORKBOOK ) page69 /6 points

Аrt, theatre, musiс 2 Somеоnе who p ays musiс or aСts on stagе:

p... rf .
1 Сomplete the definitions. 3 Somеonе
.

whо p|аys musiс: m s..'..' ''.'.'' а

1 4
'.'.''. '.',.'.
А sti|| |lfе is a pаinting оf Somеonе whо writеs с|аssiсal musiс: с
2 А mаstеrрtесe is а work by аn аrtist whiсh 5 Sоmеonе who makеs sСU ptUrеs: 5 .'.''. '.'''.'

WORKBOOK ) page 64 /s
3 Thе |уriсs arе thе pаrt of thе sоng whiсh

4 Тi е lud.е"Се a.е thе pеop|е \^ 1o Аdjесtivеs ending in -ing and -rd

3 Comp|ete the sеntenсes with the -ing or -ed form of the
Thе |ighting is iПlрortаnt bесаusе without it words given.
1 Arеn,t yоu ? You,vе bееn studуinс ; :. т|RЕ
A s/ег.h is a p сLurе ш. с|^
2 lr's whеn аn aСtor Саn,t rегnеm[,:' . =

a p|av ЕMBARRASS

8 рОrtrait is а piсturе оf OSt 6 O DISAPPOINT

^ 5 Wе wеrе bесausе Wе t^..,.
win SURPRISЕ
WoRKBooK ) pаge64 /8 points 6 Тhis mеa is ',..''...,,..'' Thеге's . :.. Э sG-sТ
7 Shе,s а Vеry ...'''..''..''',.' tеаСl^:, :]...
Аrtists ',..,,..''' ...
ikе yоu сan dо аnуthing wе , INSPlRЕ
2 СompIete the nаmes of thеse peopIe. WORKBOOK I page67
1 Тhе pеrson in сhаrgе ofan orсhеstrа:
С.'.'..' .'.'.'. Сl .'..'.' ',..'. '.'.''. ',.,' Г

Unir I 107
 Past simp|e and past сontinuous
1 Сhoosе thе сorrесt altеrnativе. 4 Whеn thе train stорpеd wе gр-t'|i|'iе|.е gеtting. off.
,l И/е wеrе travе 1lng fast whеn thе train suddеn y 5 'о. rookеd :aО )€St€rОа1 bo a ' р ?- е( ' '':'q o- ,
5'tpp-р-е'd/w.a5.5.taрр1.n'g.'
6 Nobоdy paid аttеnton tо mе whеn аrrivеd bесausе thеy
2 l saw an оld fr]еnd оf m!nе w6еn wсlttеd/wQsWg:tjngIО ьaу JЦ a'tI.h.е d /wе rе у/-a,tсh !'n g's o m еt h i n g о n TV.

my I|СKеt. 7 |е d.roр.pеdlу'tдs drор-рing thе p аtе and rt bГokе.

3 Мy friеnds and I put/wе.rе рUtting Оar Сoats cn аnd |еft
/7
tnе noUsе. WoRKBooK I pagе 12 fs

Past simp|e and past perfeсt Usеd to

2 Deсide whiсh aсtion happened first and then join the two 3a Matсh thе сorreсt halvеs ofthе sеntenсes.
sеntеnсеs with а time exprеssion. Put onе of thе vеrbs in .l ..lе did. т Lo v еаr jеа.ls
-sе ''' ''''. '''
the past pеrfесt. 2 'е ло.е jеаns ... .

1 Shе startеd driving. Shе got into thе сar' З Hе usеd tо wеar jеans ..'',...'''...

Shе 4 Hе usuа||y wеars jеans ,...'''...'''.

2 Hе fiп]shеd.using thе Сomputеr. Hе switсhеd lt оff a ast Wеdnеsdaу.

Whеn b lэесаusе hе ikеs wеaring thеm.
3 Тhеy WеПt lnto thе сinеma' Thеy bоught thеir tiсkеts с but now hе Wеars'thеm a thе tiПlе.
Thеy d but hе nеvеr wеars thеm now.
Shе did hеr hоmеwork. Shе wеnt to bеd immеdiatе|у аftеr'
3b Write the question with the сorreсt form of used to and
Аs soоn as
then answer the quеstion.
Thе po iсе idеntifiеd thе сrlminа|' Thеy arrеstеd him.
yоu/wеar jеаns whеn you wеrе 5?
Aftеr
Q -esГiоn:
Wе atе оur mеal. Wе paid thе bi .

Whеn
Answег
7 Тhеy Wеnt into thе hоusе. Тhеy un|oсkеd thе dоor
Тhеy
WORKBOOK ) page 12 /7 WORKBOOK ) page 15 /6 points

Transport and travel Ассommodation

Whаt аrе thе words? Whаt are thеse types of aссommodation?
1 Аtypеoftranspоrtthatgоеsопthе rоadandtаkеsа otof 1 Аpaсеnеarablgrоаdwhеrеl,з': :-: j ]: .. :

pеорlе frоm oПе Сity to anothеr: 2 A :nаll ^oLе tiа' :

Thе pIaсе whеrе yоu stаnd tо СаtСh a train

z1 хnmо|h nn A .
J Thе situatioп whеn sоmеthing hарpеns ]аtеr than р аnnеd:
5 A vеhiс е thet .:]. : :j. ,. .. ]
6 А о аСеl'..'.i.:,:-'..] : :.: : ::.
4
-l
nд mnnд' Ь.l \/n
t-l n)\','l"aJour^еy
fr
mcГ.- '

( А L1pе о sеа L"аГ5po.ttndT tа.е5 оеop е аrd саrs ог io-'геrs

WoRKBooK ) pagе 10 /6 points
l[oL о'€ гot \ еr) o.l9: ' ' '

А tiсkеt fоr a jоurnеy whеrе you gо аnd сomе bасk tо thе Phrasai Vеrbs CОnnеCtеd with trave|
sаmе plaсе whеrе you startеd:
Сhoose thе сorreсt altеrnativе.
Whеn you аrrivе toо lаtе for a bus, train or othеr typе o|
1 ' - .,. :J аt thе аlrport and сhесkеd in/о-ff aur bags
'
Ira ПsрorI:
2 .,.: ]. Пgto bеavеrylоngjоurпеysohеsеt an/a-ffеar|у.
Whеп you stop somеthing that was go]ng to happеn: 3 .,' ^;. .lпlе dоеs yоur brоthеr,s trаin gеt |Л/affat thе stаtlоn?
4 :.: Jct thе сar аnd stаrtеd driving'
.:ip,/O-/,l

paints 5 -^е bus brоkе црlda-Wn sо hе hаd to wa k.

WORKBOOK ) page 10 /8
6 А оt оf pеоp|е gеt g'1у1qу/8'уpt11d frоm thе сity at thе rn;ееkепd
WORKBOOK ) page 13 /6 ooints
 Present perfect simple aitd past simple

1 a Look at these sentenсеs and сhoose the сorreсt aIternativе. b Wе usе Ihе p-rеsе.n.t pеrfg.с-у/р'q5у 5nр!9 for асtiоns or
1 Shе moved to Тhamеs Тown in 2005' еxреriеnсеs whiсh happеnес] аt аг unspесfiеd mоmеnt in
2 Hе hаs worked оn thе projесt fоr оvеr thrее yеars, thе past, aсtiоns whiсh stаrtеd lп thе эasl аnd соntinuе to
З Тhеy,ve built thе town аrоund a mаrkеt squarе. thе prеsеnt, or paSt aСtioПs whlсl. hа.''е а rеsl]i ln
4 Тhеy lived in Shаnghаi for four yеars blt thеn thеy movеd thе prеsеnt.
tо Тhamеs Тown. Ехamp|еs: sеntеПСе5 1'2 j-,4.

a Wе usе thе рr.еsе.n.t pеrfес!/pqs.[5imp|е fоr асtiоns оr 1b Сomplete this rule for the formation of thе presеnt perfeсt.
еxpеriеnсеs whiсh hаppеnеd at a spесifiс mоmеnt in thе hаs/hоvе +
pа5t, or aсtiоns whiсh startеd aПd fiпishеd in thе рast,
Еxа m plеs: sеntеПСеs .1".Z..З-,.4'. GRAMMAR REFERЕNсE ) сaэ: i]

2 Сomplеte eaсh sentenсe with the сorrесt form of the verb in thе present perfeсt or pаst simple.
,l |an (bе) tn Nеw York sinсе ast l rldаr'', Мy grеat grandfath."r diеd |аst yеaг. _.
'...'...'.......... .
Hе,s lеaving on Sunday. isэ:nd) his whо е |ifе iving in thе со... .-
'

2 Kаtе ( ivе) in this сity a|| hеr ifе' 6 ''

' , Сd' agо Sоpl^iе .:. ilggеrf at
Shе |ovеs Living hеrе.
7 \(lhеn yоu ооk аrоund you Саn 5ее tha. .. .
З |n 2002 my соusin (gО) tо it,е " '.1 ;.
4 lиatt and Jo |оvе travе||ing' Thеy . .' .: .

Iots of diffеrеnt сoUntriеs.

еVer, never, for' уet, aIrеadу, just

3a Тhese words arе frequently used with the present perfeсt. 6 Wе usе with thе р[еsеli gеriесt tо
Сomp|etе eaсh explanation with the сorrесt word.
5аy thаt sornеthiПg hаs not happеnеd blt ',.. е |1 Пk lt iS

going to hарpеn sоon' Wе

aIrеady еver for just nеvеr sinсe yet
Lr5е it in nеCаtil.е sеПtеnсеs
аnd quеstions.
] Wе сan Usе ..'...''..''...,,.. '. . in quеstions with thе
,at 3b What is thе usua| position of the words in 3a in a
prеsеП1 pеrfесt' It mеаns аny timе in your Iifе,'
sentenсe? Сomplеte the tаblе with thе words in 3а.
2 Wе us.. thе prеsеnt pеrfесt to ta k
аbоuL vеry lе(е^т асL.Vil е<,'
1 Wоrds that go JUst bеforе thе past pаrt сip е:

Wе usе... .................'... ....'..'......'... ' With thе prеsеnt pеrfесt to say that

sоmеthing has happеnеd, pоssib|y еаrliеr than wе thоught.

Wе саn Usе ........'......................'...'........., to mаkе nеgativе 5еПtеПСеs 2 Words thаt gо just bеforе а timе ехprеssiоn:
,at
in thе prеsеnt pеrfесt. |t mеаns no tiГnе in уour Iifе,
5 Wеusе . .аnd with
thе prеsеnt реrfесt to taIk about things that startеd
3 A word that usua||y goеs at thе еnd ofthе sеntеnсе:

in thе past and соntinuе in thе prеsеnt. Wе usе

with pеriods оf timе, and rдlitЬ <nдrifiг

GRAMMAR RЕгERЕNGЕ | oaaе42
moГnеnls In t|mе.

4 Completе thе sentеnсes with the present pеrfeсt form of thesе verbs. Put thе other word in the сorrесt plaсe in thе sentеnсe.

aIrеady/visit evеr/livе havе/for just/rаin love/sinсе nеver/|ivе not finish/yet notsеtиуеt

' -.'' ha'rэц|tр-q'|d-thеtr f|atуэt. q

,d
Z in а big сity but onе day |ikе to 6
lhiь g"р1. 7 | . this сity thе day
'. rrri,,^^ t^"^
d| |vЕU ||Е|с.
Nеw York. Hе wеnt
i^ - -^++-^^l
||l d LUtLdЧсj
 Еxtreme adjectives
You arе going to dо a mu|tip1е сhoiсе с оzе aсtivity. n this typе
1 Mаtсh the еxtrеme аdjесtivеs (.l -10) with thе
normal adjeсtivеs (а-j).
оf асtivity you hаvе to сhoosе whiсh аnswеr bеst fits a spасе iП a
sеntеnсе or tеxt. What dо you think is a gооd proсеdurе fоr this ] anсiеnt а

typе оf aсtivity? ЕxAM sUссEsS ) pаge 151 2 boiling b

3 drеаdfuI с
4 еnormоus d
5 Reаd thе text be|ow and deсide whiсh аnswer (A, B, С or D) bеst s filthy е
fits eaсh gap. 6 frррlinа f
7 paсkеd s
8 si|еnt
I
9 stunning
Adult 10 tiПy j
0NЕ
Look at thе еxampIe sеntеnсes. Then mаtсh
Tiсket Тyрe the сorreсt halvеs ofthе rulеs.
RЕтURN
Тhе fiIm was rеa||y bad
Route Thе fi|m was rеа||y awfu|.
L0ND0N-тALLlNN Тhе fiIm was absо|utеiy awfu|.
Ihе ГiIm was quitе bаd.
Priсe
fr56 Тhе fi|m was vеry bad.
] Wе usе totо|lу, сanp|еtе|у and аbso|utе|у
2 Wе usе vеrу and ехtrеmе|у
З Wе usе rео||у
4 Wе Usе quitе aпd rаthеr
Тhe nеw сommutеr
a with гormа| аd,есLivеs.
Havе you (1)..''...'......-.. ... ...
sееn pеоp|е trаvеl|ing to work in thе
b with nоrnа| аd,есtivеs.
mоrning аnd fе]t sorry fоr thеm? Тhеsе pеop|е arе са|lеd ,сommutеrs,. с with еХtrеmе adjесtivеs.
of сoursе, соmmuting has еxistеd (2) .............. ........ many yеаrs. А d with bоth normа| and еxtrеmе аdjесtivеs.
сommutеr (3) ........'... to bе somеbоdy who travе|Iеd to Work
3 Сomplеtе the sentenсеs with the (orrесt
еaсh dау, еithеr from a suburb or mаybе from a nеarby town оr сity whеrе аdjесtives.
it was сhеapеr to buy оr rеnt рropеrty. Тhеy саught a bus оr train or thе 1 Thе viеw frоm our windо',r, !.l'3S: . .,: :-:: -.
undеrground оr drovе intо work. But rесеntly a nеW typе of сommutеr |t wаs absоlutеly
has (4) сomе iПto еxistеnсе. Тhеsе сommutеrs work Thе сity of Аthе'.s s. .

in оnе сountry but Iivе in аПothеr' High hоusе priсеs, сhеap f|ights, f|еxib|е lt,s ехistес i:. : ,.. : .

wоrking hours, еmаil and thе |Пtеrnеt hаvе (5) ..........- it еasiеr
to work frоm homе. And thеy havе aisо соntributеd to сrеаtе this nеw

typе of |ong distanсе сommutеr. Takе Саrriе Frаis, fоr ехаmp|е. Shе hаs
(6) ..''.....-.....-. bесоmе а piоnееr оf ong distаnсе Сoг]гnUi :lQ-

Shе wоrks as a TV nеws prеsеntеr in London but finds it сhеаpеr io iVе in

Bаrсе|onа.Shе(7)-. ...... ...-.. . ........... thеrеayеаrаgo.With а minimum
of a fоur hour jоurnеy, this triр to wоrk hаsn,t bесоmе a dаi|y habit for

hеr (8) ... .. .. Shе usua|ly wоrks in Lоndоn for a fеw dаys,
4a s)
.:.:
? Listеn and сhесk your
staying with friеnds аnd fami|y, and thеn shе (9)..''...'''.... oаСK аn5wеr5. Whiсh words do we stress more -
to Bаrсе|оna. |t сan bе diffiсu|t but Сarriе has found a muсh hiоhеr оuа|itv normаl аdjесtivеs or еxtreme adjeсtives?
оf Iifе (.l0)- shе mоvеd io Bаrсе|оra. [xреr ts hаvе
4b Prасtise saying thе sеntenсes in 3 with the
prеdiсtеd a Iist of сit]еs whеrе London сommutеrs соuId Iivе ln thе fuiu.е -, сorrе(t strе55.
Thе |ist inс|udеs Pa{ma, Dubrovnik, Fаro, Marrаkесh, Тa|]inn аnd Va]еnс:а]
5a sPЕAкlNG Write down the names of p|aсes in
I Anot B еvеr С just D а|wа1,s your сity or сountry whiсh аre: anсiеnt, usuа||y
2 Аfor B sinсе С during D thrоugh paсked, boiIing, frееzing, stunning, filthy
3 A usually B usеd Сis D wаs аnd enormous.
4 A bееn B yеt С оn|у D just
5 A makе B did С madе D dоnе 5b Теl| your pаrtner, in a
differеnt ordеr, the
6 A a|rеаdy B yеt С nеvеr D dесidеd
plaсes you havе written. Can they guess the
7 A hаs mоvеd B hаvе movеd С movеs D movеd
extreme adjeсtivе for eaсh pIaсe?
8 A |ifе B always С yеt D sоmеtimеs Did уou write gosсow bесаusе
9 Agо B gоеs С has gоnе D wеni it,s freеzinо thеrе in the winter?
]0 A for B sinсе С whi|е D duе to
Good idеo, but no,Ididn,t.

Unit 3
 li
Present perfeсt simp|е and past simplе
СompIete thе text with thе present perfeсt simpIe or pаst thе с]ty сеntrе, and thеrе аrе mоrе pIannеd. n 2005 thеy
simple form of the verbs and сhoosе the сorrесt alternаtivе. (f) . .. ... .... (stаrt) to bui d aП еПormous ПеW spoГts
(а) (]ivе) in this сity (b) fрr/slnсе'maПУ уеаГ5 stаdium Пеar thе рort but thеy (9) (nоt flnlsrll
ard l о'е't i^'е. |. е l (с) (СПа.lgе] a buiIding tt(h) а|rеаdу/uеt Тhеy hаvе (i) еVе-r1ja5|.

ot in thе аst |ivе yеars. Тhе biggеst сhanqе is that thе pu |еd dоwn a otof bui dings in thе аrеа. П thе pаst, еvеrybоdy
сity (d) (gеt) a оt biggеr rесеntly. Тhеy (j) (wаnt) an offiсе thеrе, but nоt now
(e) .................. (bli]d) a lot of оffiсеs and shоps in
WORKBOOK ) page 22 /ta

Present perfеCt ContinuОUs

2 Сomp|ete the sentenсes with the present perfeсt simpIe or Тhеy ..... .. (bui d) mоrе аnd mоrе
presеnt perfeсt сontinuous form ofthе verbs.
shopping СеПtrеs iП thе сity |or a whilе nоw and
,| you (switсh) thе iqht off?
don,t think
.'..'.''..,.., thеy,rе going to stop'
2 Соmе on, you nееd а rеst. You 7 Тhаt grouр (mаkе) morе than tеП сD5.
(study) |or fivе hours non stоp. 8 ,m
vеry sorry
З IVy hands аrе dirty bесаusе ] (fix) thе саr. fоr lоng?
4 Did yоu hеar alэout ]асоb? Hе (brеak) his |еg 9 Мy еgs arе tirеd bесаusе '. . lWа K)

5 Мy friепd Сhаr iе (study) ln a day

Сambridgе a sU[n[nе[, but nеxt wееk hе,s сoming homе. ,l0
Тhаt,s itIWе (finish) this еxеrсisе

WORKBOOK ) page 25 / 10 points

Cities and houses Аdjeсtives desсrtbi ng сittеs

1 Writе thе words. 2 Whаt adjесtives dеsсribe these situations?
,| А hоusе whiсh is sеparatе, Пot tОJсhln. оthеr hоusеs:
,] A соrсеrt l a s-^.

2 A sma hоusе, usua||у in a vi аgе оr 2

3 А bli1ding for thе о|fiсеs olthе oса go\1еl-ilП..Г

4
5

4 Thе аrеа whеrе ships stоp, whеrе thеrе arе usually bui dlngs
6 А р|aсе With |ots о| pеop е, movеГnеПt and асtivity:
D

An аrеa whеrе maпy pеоp е vе, аnd thеrе аrе эftеn soсiаl
WORKBOOK ) page 20 /6 points
p.o0 е.Г c Tlеl'^: '''''

Аn arеa away frоm thе сеntrе оf thе сlty whеrе riсhеr pеop е
Ехtreme adjectives
]lvе:
Write the normаl equiva|еnt of these extreme adjесtivеs .
А hоusе whiсh is attасhеd to housеs оn bоth sidеs:
1 stunn ng 4 drеadfu
2 bоiIing
A ta I buiIding whеrе thеrе аrе maПy hоmеs:
3 fi thy 6 рaсkеd

WoRKBooK ) page 2З /6 points

WORKBOOK ) page 20 /8 points

Unir 3 4З
 t. Grаmmаr > Reoorted soeeсh
l Reportеd spеесh
-
-
stаtements
quеstions and сommands
VoсabuIary l Art, theatre, musiс
l Artists
l Adjeсtives ending in -ing and -еd
Speaking l Desсribing а past evеnt
Writing l An announсеment

Art, theatre, music Artists

4 Work with a partner. Look at the sentenсes. Сomp|ete the
words in ltaliсs with -or, -eL -iаn or -ist,
,l Wi|| Smith is a fаmous Hol vwооd ссг
2 Аsсu|pt. | 'd 0р.(o.l Wгo та еs sсJ pt-.еs'
? (hр,c s аrоat mtl<iг Shе саn p ay thе guitar, thе
рianо and thе V]oIin \
4 Lеoпardо dа Vinсi Wаs a grеat 0rt'''''''''.....''''''' intс
gal
5 t must bе d]ffiсu t bеing а сonduсt and rеspоnsib|е
Thi
for a whо|е оrсhеstra. thе
o Мy сousin Wаnts to bе а bal еt danС pе(
thс
7 А рaInt usua y nееds а brush аnd саnvаs.
bу
8 Shе,s a grеаt pеrform Snc о' рs hеinо оn Ihe cl,rnр
"' " 'Y "', AS
15
9 N,4оzart is my fаvоuritе СОmрОs'.'''''''......''''''.
А^
uс
10 Bоb Dylan is а famous stng -songwrit 'it
Hе usua||y sings his oWП songs' A
1 Usе thesе words to tаlk about this photo. \1
5a sРЕAкlNG Work with а partner. Think of a person for eасh bt
аudienсe сast Iighting pеrformаnсe p|ay stage of thе words in italiсs in 4. Write one or two pieсes of pr

information аbout thеm. d

si

Work with a partner. Look at the words in bo|d. Сheсk thаt 5b Read out your informаtion to the сlass. Can they guess t
you understand them. Usе your diсtionary if neсessаry. who it is? tr

,1 . :
Pаss mе thе pеnсi havеn,t flnishеd thе drawing yеt. Тhis is Hе wаs а сomposеr. Hе wrote
just a sketсh' Iots of fаmous bаllеts, Оne of the
) Do yоu think this painting |ооks ikе mе? t,s а sеlf-portrаit. most fаmous wаs Swаn Lаkе' Tсhаikovsky'
l

Аftеr pIaying а оt оf gigs, thе band аrе ln thе studio agаin

mаK]ПganеWaOUm'
l.lflТ}:ru!i{il фр ё-t'{ Whiсh of these pеople or things сan
Whаt is it? s it a stilI life painting, With fruit аnd f]оwеrs? Аhl you heаr in eaсh сlip?
Now undеrstand. Thеу аrrП,t rеа objесts. lt,s аn abstraсt
painting pеrforming аn audiеnсe the сast of a p|аy
an aсtor
a сonduсtor a сomposеr a gig a musiсiаn
5 ] ikе thе musiс iп this sоng but hatе thе |yriсs.
an orсhеstra a portrait paintеr a sсuIptor
6 lСt,S !o and sее an exhibition of paintings at that nеw
gа еry in London. Thеге аrе somе masterpieсes Iikе Vаn ,l
o
Сagh,s Sunf|owеrs.
_rе 1 -7

Br]tish artist Сonstab е wаs fаmоus for hts landsсapes,

".. р сtL]rе5 hе paintеd оf thе ЕngIish соuntrysidе. a
_. а ot of diffеrеnt [Пatеria s Iikе stonе аnd wood fоr his
',sе5 4
sсu I ptures'
t0
3 Put the words in
,l
and 2 in thе сorreсt сoIumn. Some words
сan go in morе than one сolumn. 7 sРЕAкlNG Work with a pаrtnеr. Ask аnd аnswеr these
questions. For еaсh quеstion, think of a folIow-up quеstion
to get morе informаtion.
,1 Do yоu еVеr go to gigs?
2 Whiсh i5 morе iГnportant for yоu in a sоng thе musiс or thе |vriсs? fl
I
3 Dо yoLl еVеr go to thе thеatrе?
Д

4 Whiсh plays hаvе уoU srеn оr rеad? l

5
t,
Dо yоu еVеr go tо art еxhibitions? n
6 Whiсh artists ot.paintings dо yоu ikе?
ш
 Unit
Exercises 13
13.1 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect where possible. Otherwise use the past simple.
1 2
The office is empty now.
I can’t get in.
Everybody
I ’ve lost (lose) my
(go) home.
key.

3 4
I meant to call you last night,
but I
(forget).
Helen
(go) to New York for a holiday, but
she’s back home in London now.
5 6 Can you help us? Our car
before

(break) down.

Are you OK? Yes, I (have) a

headache, but it’s OK now.

13.2 Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.
1 Did you hear about Sophie? She’s given up her job. OK
2 My mother has grown up in Italy. My mother grew up
3 How many plays has William Shakespeare written?
4 I’ve forgotten his name. Is it Joe or Jack?
5 Who has invented paper?
6 Drugs have become a big problem everywhere.
7 We’ve washed the car, but now it’s dirty again.
8 Where have you been born?
9 Ellie has gone shopping. She’ll be back in about an hour.
10 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who
has developed the theory of relativity.

13.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1 It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (it / stop)
2 The town where I live is very different now. It has changed a lot. (it / change)
3 I studied German at school, but most of it now. (I / forget)
4 The police three people, but later they let them go. (arrest)
5 What do you think of my English? Do you think ? (it / improve)
6 Are you ready to go? your coffee? (you / finish)
7 for a job as a tour guide, but I wasn’t successful. (I / apply)
8 Where’s my bike? outside the house, but it’s not there now. (it / be)
9 Quick! We need to call an ambulance. an accident. (there / be)
10 a: I’ve found my phone.
b: Oh, good. Where it? (you / find)
a: at the bottom of my bag. (It / be)
11 a: Ben won’t be able to play tennis for a while. his arm. (He / break)
b: Oh. How ? (that / happen)
a: off a ladder. (He / fall)

27
Unit
1 Present continuous (I am doing)
A Study this example situation:
Sarah is in her car. She is on her way to work.
She’s driving to work. (= She is driving …)
This means: she is driving now, at the time of speaking.
The action is not finished.
am/is/are + -ing is the present continuous:
I am (= I’m) driving
he/she/it is (= he’s etc.) working
we/you/they are (= we’re etc.) doing etc.

B I am doing something = I started doing it and I haven’t finished; I’m in the middle of doing it.
Please don’t make so much noise. I’m trying to work. (not I try)
‘Where’s Mark?’ ‘He’s having a shower.’ (not He has a shower)
Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining any more. (not It doesn’t rain)
How’s your new job? Are you enjoying it?
What’s all that noise? What’s going on? or What’s happening?
Sometimes the action is not happening at the time of speaking. For example:

Steve is talking to a friend on the phone. He says:

I’m reading a really good book at the moment.

It’s about a man who …

Steve says ‘I’m reading …’ but he is not reading the book at

the time of speaking.
He means that he has started reading the book, but has not
finished it yet. He is in the middle of reading it.

Some more examples:

Kate wants to work in Italy, so she’s learning Italian.
(but perhaps she isn’t learning Italian at the time of speaking)
Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope to finish it next summer.

C You can use the present continuous with today / this week / this year etc. (periods around now):
a: You’re working hard today. (not You work hard today)
b: Yes, I have a lot to do.
The company I work for isn’t doing so well this year.

D We use the present continuous when we talk about a change that has started to happen. We often use
these verbs in this way:
getting, becoming changing, improving
starting, beginning increasing, rising, falling, growing
Is your English getting better? (not Does your English get better)
The population of the world is increasing very fast. (not increases)
At first I didn’t like my job, but I’m starting to enjoy it now. (not I start)

2 Present continuous and present simple ➜ Units 3–4 Present tenses for the future ➜ Unit 19
 Unit
Exercises 1
1.1 What’s happening in the pictures? Choose from these verbs:
cross hide scratch take tie wave

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 She’s taking a picture. 4 his head.

2 He a shoelace. 5 behind a tree.
3 the road. 6 to somebody.

1.2 The sentences on the right follow those on the left. Which sentence goes with which?

1 Please don’t make so much noise. a I’m getting hungry. 1 f

2 We need to leave soon. b They’re lying. 2
3 I don’t have anywhere to live right now. c It’s starting to rain. 3
4 I need to eat something soon. d They’re trying to sell it. 4
5 They don’t need their car any more. e It’s getting late. 5
6 Things are not so good at work. f I’m trying to work. 6
7 It isn’t true what they say. g I’m staying with friends. 7
8 We’re going to get wet. h The company is losing money. 8

1.3 Write questions. Use the present continuous.

1 What’s all that noise? What’s happening? (what / happen?)
2 What’s the matter? (why / you / cry?)
3 Where’s your mother? (she / work / today?)
4 I haven’t seen you for ages. (what / you / do / these days?)
5 Amy is a student. (what / she / study?)
6 Who are those people? (what / they / do?)
7 I heard you started a new job. (you / enjoy / it?)
8 We’re not in a hurry. (why / you / walk / so fast?)

1.4 Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.).
1 Please don’t make so much noise. I’m trying (I / try) to work.
2 Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining (it / rain) any more.
3 You can turn off the radio. (I / listen) to it.
4 Kate phoned last night. She’s on holiday with friends. (She / have)
a great time and doesn’t want to come back.
5 Andrew started evening classes recently. (He / learn) Japanese.
6 Paul and Sarah have had an argument and now (they / speak)
to one another.
7 The situation is already very bad and now (it / get) worse.
8 Tim (work) today. He’s taken the day off.
9 (I / look) for Sophie. Do you know where she is?
10 The washing machine has been repaired. (It / work) now.
11 (They / build) a new hospital. It will be finished next year.
12 Ben is a student, but he’s not very happy. (He / enjoy) his course.
13 (The weather / change). Look at those clouds.
I think it’s going to rain.
14 Dan has been in the same job for a long time. (He / start) to get bored
with it.
3
Unit
2 Present simple (I do)
A Study this example situation:

Alex is a bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep.

He is not driving a bus. (He is asleep.)
but He drives a bus. He is a bus driver.
drive(s), work(s), do(es) etc. is the present simple:
I/we/you/they drive/work/do etc.
he/she/it drives/works/does etc.

B We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the
time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general:
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
I usually go away at weekends.
The earth goes round the sun.
The cafe opens at 7.30 in the morning.
We say:
I work but he works you go but it goes
they teach but my sister teaches I have but he has
For spelling (-s or -es), see Appendix 6.

C We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences:

work? work
do I/we/you/they I/we/you/they don’t
drive? drive
does he/she/it he/she/it doesn’t
do? do
I come from Canada. Where do you come from?
I don’t go away very often.
What does this word mean? (not What means this word?)
Rice doesn’t grow in cold climates.
In the following examples, do is also the main verb (do you do / doesn’t do etc.):
‘What do you do?’ ‘I work in a shop.’
He’s always so lazy. He doesn’t do anything to help.

D We use the present simple to say how often we do things:

I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
How often do you go to the dentist?
Julie doesn’t drink tea very often.
Robert usually goes away two or three times a year.

E I promise / I apologise etc.

Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something,
you can say ‘I promise … ’; when you suggest something, you can say ‘I suggest … ’:
I promise I won’t be late. (not I’m promising)
‘What do you suggest I do?’ ‘I suggest that you …’
In the same way we say: I apologise … / I advise … / I insist … / I agree … / I refuse … etc.

4 Present simple and present continuous ➜ Units 3–4 Present tenses for the future ➜ Unit 19
 Unit
Exercises 2
2.1 Complete the sentences using the following verbs:
cause(s) close(s) connect(s) go(es) live(s) speak(s) take(s)
1 Tanya speaks German very well. 5 My parents in a very small
2 Ben and Jack to the same flat.
school. 6 The Olympic Games place
3 Bad driving many accidents. every four years.
4 The museum at 4 o’clock on 7 The Panama Canal the
Sundays. Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
2.2 Put the verb into the correct form.
1 Julia doesn’t drink (not / drink) tea very often.
2 What time (the banks / close) here?
3 I have a car, but I (not / use) it much.
4 Where (Maria / come) from? Is she Spanish?
5 ‘What (you / do)?’ ‘I’m an electrician.’
6 Look at this sentence. What (this word / mean)?
7 David isn’t very fit. He (not / do) any sport.
8 It (take) me an hour to get to work in the morning. How long
(it / take) you?
2.3 Complete the sentences using these verbs. Sometimes you need the negative.
believe eat flow go grow make rise tell translate
1 The earth goes round the sun. 7 An interpreter
2 Rice doesn’t grow in cold climates. from one language into another.
3 The sun in the east. 8 Liars are people who
4 Bees honey. the truth.
5 Vegetarians meat. 9 The River Amazon
6 An atheist in God. into the Atlantic Ocean.
2.4 You ask Lisa questions about herself and her family. Write the questions.
1 You know that Lisa plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her.
How often do you play tennis ?
2 Perhaps Lisa’s sister plays tennis too. You want to know. Ask Lisa.
your sister ?
3 You know that Lisa goes to the cinema a lot. You want to know how often. Ask her.
?
4 You know that Lisa’s brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Lisa.
?
5 You’re not sure whether Lisa speaks Spanish. You want to know. Ask her.
?
6 You don’t know where Lisa’s grandparents live. You want to know. Ask Lisa.
?
2.5 Complete using the following:
I agree I apologise I insist I promise I recommend I suggest

1 Mr Evans is not in the office today. I suggest you try calling him tomorrow.
2 I won’t tell anybody what you said. .
3 (in a restaurant) You must let me pay for the meal. .
4 for what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.
5 The new restaurant in Baker Street is very good. it.
6 I think you’re absolutely right. with you.

5
Unit Present continuous and present simple 1
3 (I am doing and I do)
A Compare:

present continuous (I am doing) present simple (I do)

We use the continuous for things happening at We use the simple for things in general or things
or around the time of speaking. that happen repeatedly.
The action is not complete.

I am doing I do
past now future past now future

The water is boiling. Be careful. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Listen to those people. What language Excuse me, do you speak English?
are they speaking?
Let’s go out. It isn’t raining now. It doesn’t rain very much in summer.
‘I’m busy.’ ‘What are you doing?’ What do you usually do at weekends?
I’m getting hungry. Let’s go and eat. I always get hungry in the afternoon.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she’s Most people learn to swim when they
learning Italian. are children.
The population of the world is Every day the population of the world
increasing very fast. increases by about 200,000 people.
We use the continuous for temporary situations We use the simple for permanent situations
(things that continue for a short time): (things that continue for a long time):
I’m living with some friends until I find a My parents live in London. They have
place of my own. lived there all their lives.
a: You’re working hard today. Joe isn’t lazy. He works hard most of
b: Yes, I have a lot to do. the time.
See Unit 1 for more information. See Unit 2 for more information.

B I always do and I’m always doing

I always do something = I do it every time:
I always go to work by car. (not I’m always going)
I’m always doing something = I do it too often or more often than normal.
For example:

I’ve lost my keys again. I’m always losing them.

I’m always losing them = I lose them too often,

or more often than normal.

Paul is never satisfied. He’s always complaining. (= he complains too much)

You’re always looking at your phone. Don’t you have anything else to do?

6 How long
Present have you and
continuous (been) Unit114
… ? 2 ➜Unit
simple Present tenses for the future ➜ Unit 19