CC VIVA

Wha is CC?
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources like servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, etc., over the internet (the cloud).

Examples

 Google Drive

 Dropbox

 Amazon Web Services (AWS)

 Microsoft Azure

 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

3. Service Providers

 Amazon Web Services (AWS)

 Microsoft Azure

 Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

 IBM Cloud

 Oracle Cloud

4. Di erent Cloud Services

1 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Basic building blocks like VMs, storage, networks.
Example: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine

2 PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Platform for developers to build and deploy apps.
Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine

3 SaaS (Software as a Service)

Ready-to-use software via the internet.
Example: Gmail, Google Docs, Dropbox
2 What is NIST model
NIST Cloud Computing Model

NIST stands for National Institute of Standards and Technology.

It defined a standard model for cloud computing that includes:

1. 5 Essential Characteristics

These define what makes cloud computing cloud:

1. On-demand self-service
Get resources like storage or server automatically, without human help.

2. Broad network access

Access cloud services over the internet from anywhere.

3. Resource pooling
Resources (like servers/storage) are shared among many users.

4. Rapid elasticity
Easily scale resources up or down as needed.

5. Measured service
Usage is tracked and billed (like electricity).

2. 3 Service Models

These are the layers of cloud services:

1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Basic building blocks like VMs, storage, networks.
Example: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine

2. PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Platform for developers to build and deploy apps.
Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine

3. SaaS (Software as a Service)

Ready-to-use software via the internet.
Example: Gmail, Google Docs, Dropbox
3. 4 Deployment Models

These define how the cloud is used:

1. Public Cloud – Open to all users (e.g., AWS, Azure).

2. Private Cloud – Used by one organization only.

3. Hybrid Cloud – Mix of public and private.

4. Community Cloud – Shared by a group with common needs.

3 What are the types of cloud?

1. Public Cloud

 Owned by: Third-party companies like AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud.

 Used by: Anyone (individuals or organizations).

 Resources (like servers, storage) are shared among many users.

 Example: Hosting a website on AWS EC2.

Pros: Cheap, easy to scale, no maintenance

Cons: Less control, shared environment

2. Private Cloud

 Owned and used by: A single organization.

 The cloud infrastructure is used only by that organization.

 Can be hosted on-site or by a third-party.

Pros: High security, full control

Cons: Costly to set up and maintain

3. Hybrid Cloud

 A combination of Public + Private clouds.

 Data and apps can move between the two.

Pros: Flexibility, better security and cost balance

Cons: Complex to manage
 Example: Sensitive data on private cloud, general apps on public cloud.

4. Community Cloud

 Shared by a group of organizations with common needs (e.g., banks,

universities, govt. agencies).

 Managed internally or by a third party.

Pros: Cost shared, tailored to specific needs

Cons: Limited scalability, shared responsibility

4 What are the basic services in Cloud.

Services

 Compute – Virtual machines, processing power

 Storage – File storage like S3

 Networking – VPC, load balancers

 Database – RDS, DynamoDB, etc.

Characteristics of Cloud

 Scalable

 Reliable

 Cost-e ective

 Secure

 Easy access

Disadvantages of Cloud

 Internet required

 Security concerns
  Limited control

 Downtime risk

Advantages

 Lower cost

 Scalable on demand

 Data backup and recovery

 Easy access from anywhere

$$VIRTUAL BOX & VIRTUALIZATION$$

1 What Is Virtualization
• Virtualization is the process of creating virtual versions of
hardware, OS, storage, or networks.
• It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single
physical machine.
• Improves resource utilization and reduces hardware
cost.
• Used in cloud computing to provide scalable and
isolated environments.
• Examples include virtual machines, virtual storage, and
virtual networks.

2 what is the host and gust machine

1. Host Machine (Physical Machine)
 This is the actual physical computer or server.
  It runs the host operating system (OS).
 The host has the hardware resources like CPU,
RAM, storage, etc.
 It uses a Hypervisor (software like VirtualBox,
VMware, etc.) to create and manage virtual
machines.
Think of it as the main landlord who owns the
building.

2. Guest Machine (Virtual Machine - VM)

 This is the virtual computer created inside the
host.
 It runs its own guest operating system (can be
Windows, Linux, etc.).
 It behaves like a real computer but shares the
host's hardware through the hypervisor.
Think of it as a rented apartment inside the
host’s building.

How They Work Together:

  The host runs the hypervisor.
 The hypervisor allocates part of the host’s
resources to create the guest.
 Multiple guests can run on one host — each
isolated and with its own OS.

Example:
Imagine your laptop (host) has Windows 11. You
install VirtualBox (hypervisor). Then you install
Ubuntu (guest) inside VirtualBox.
So:
 Windows 11 = Host OS
 Ubuntu VM = Guest OS
 VirtualBox = Hypervisor

Setting up VM
Steps in VirtualBox:
1. Install VirtualBox
 2. Create new VM
3. Assign RAM/Storage
4. Install OS ISO
5. Start VM

Types of Virtualizations:
1. Operating System (OS) Virtualization

➤ What it means:
 Allows multiple OS environments to run on the same
physical machine.
 Each OS is isolated as a Virtual Machine (VM).

➤ Tools: VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, Hyper-V

➤ Example:
Running Windows and Linux on the same computer using
VirtualBox.

Benefits:
 Better use of hardware
 Safe testing of other OS
 Isolation between environments

2. Server Virtualization
➤ What it means:
 One physical server is divided into multiple virtual servers.
 Each server can run independently and do di erent tasks.

➤ Tools: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, KVM

➤ Example:
One physical server runs 5 virtual servers: one for web hosting,
one for database, one for email, etc.

Benefits:
 Saves cost
 Reduces hardware usage
 Increases uptime and resource usage

3. Storage Virtualization

➤ What it means:
 Combines multiple physical storage devices (like HDDs,
SSDs) into one virtual storage pool.
 Users and systems see it as one single storage unit.

➤ Tools: IBM SAN Volume Controller, NetApp ONTAP

➤ Example:
A company merges 5 hard disks into a single storage pool to
store backups and files.

Benefits:
 Better storage management
  Scalability
 Redundancy and backup handling

4. Network Virtualization

➤ What it means:
 Combines hardware and software network resources into a
virtual network.
 Allows creation of virtual LANs (VLANs) and software-
defined networking (SDN).

➤ Tools: Cisco ACI, VMware NSX

➤ Example:
Creating a separate virtual network for the finance department,
even though all employees use the same physical network.

Benefits:
 Enhanced security
 Tra ic control
 Network optimization

What is a Hypervisor?

A hypervisor is software that allows you to create and run virtual

machines (VMs) on a single physical machine.
It allocates hardware resources (like CPU, memory, storage) from the
host system to the virtual machines.

. Types of Hypervisor

• Type 1 (Bare Metal): Installed directly on the physical hardware (e.g.,

VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V).
• Type 2 (Hosted): Runs on top of a host operating system (e.g., Oracle
VirtualBox, VMware Workstation).
• Type 1 is used in data centers and cloud platforms.
• Type 2 is mostly used for development and testing environments.
• Type 1 is more e icient and secure compared to Type 2.

AWS (Amazon Web Services)

Define AWS
A cloud platform that o ers over 200 services like
compute, storage, networking, databases, and AI.
Free Trial
 750 hours/month free for EC2, RDS, etc., for 12
months under the Free Tier.