Midterm-Module6-KoreanZlanguage
Midterm-Module6-KoreanZlanguage
Cabarroguis Campus
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
KOREAN
MODULE 6
Second Semester
A.Y. 2022-23
Prepared by:
Module Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
1. Verbs (Doing Words) and their Endings
2. +(아/어), +(아/어)요, +{으}세요
3. Casual Question Verbs Endings +니?/냐?
4. 뭐 ‘what’
5. Vocabulary: Time 시간
6. Time Particle +에 ‘in’, ‘at’ or ‘on’
7. Activity Location Particle +에서 ‘in’ or ‘at’
8. Asking Opinions … 어때(요)? ‘How is …?’
9. Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings
10. +(아/어), +(아/어)요, +{으}세요
11. Vocabulary: Transitional Words
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
Use the types of verb endings to express your tasks or daily routines
Use the time particle to indicate that something has happened at a particular
time.
Use vocabolaries learned in creating sentences.
Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she
receives a call from Jihun.
지훈: 지금 뭐 하냐?
민서: 리포트 써. 근데, 왜?
지훈: 그냥.
민서: 나 바빠. 빨리 말해.
지훈: 아냐, 그냥. 리포트 마저 해.
Vocabulary
지금 now; at the moment
뭐 하냐? [뭐 what 하 do +냐? (casual masculine question ending)] Whatcha doin’?
리포트 report; essay (often mispronounced as 레포트)
써 [쓰 write +어 (casual present tense ending)] write
근데 by the way; but; anyway
왜 why
그냥 no reason; just/simply because
바빠 [바쁘 busy +아(casual present tense ending)] busy
빨리 quickly
말해 [말하 speak 말해 (casual present tense form)] say; speak
아냐 nah (short form of 아니야 (Lit. It’s not.))
마저 해 [마저 rest of +해 do] finish
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in ‘I study’ or ‘she
studies’. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at present, as in
‘I’m studying at the moment’ (as well as ‘I’m studying at Monash University this year’)
1) Casual form
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• If the last vowel of the stem is ㅏ or ㅗ: +아
살 + 아 --> 살아 live/lives/is living, etc.
가 + 아 --> 가 go/goes/ is going, etc.
(가 already has ㅏ and no final consonant, so we don’t need to add 아)
• If the last vowel is not ㅏ or ㅗ: +어
먹 + 어 먹어 eat/eats/is eating, etc.
읽 + 어 읽어 read/reads/is reading, etc.
쓰 + 어 써 write/writes/is writing, et. (When the stem ends in the vowel ‘ㅡ’, it is
dropped.)
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into one syllable:
오 + 아 --> 와 come/comes/is coming, etc.
주 + 어 --> 줘 give/gives/is giving, etc.
• If the stem ends in 하: 하 --> 해
하 --> 해 do/does/is doing, etc.
공부하 --> 공부해 study/studies/is studying, etc.
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. At this stage, don’t worry too much
about having to remember all these rules. The best way would be to memorize both the stem and ending
together as a chunk.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you add +요 at the end.
살 + 아 --> 살아 + 요 살아요 live/lives/is living, etc.
먹 + 어 --> 먹어 + 요 먹어요 eat/eats/is eating, etc.
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
• If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +으세요
앉 + 으세요 ---> 앉으세요 sit/sits/is sitting, etc.
• If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +세요
가 + 세요 ---> 가세요 go/goes/ is going, etc.
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms for a
range of verbs.
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Casual Question Verb Endings +니?/+냐?
The verb forms you have previously studied in this unit can also be used for making
questions. However, in casual form there are alternative question endings:
Verb Stem +니? (less blunt)
Verb Stem +냐? (more blunt)
The +냐? ending sounds more blunt and tends to be used more often by males, while the
less blunt +니? form sounds gentler and used more often by females.
The rule for constructing these forms is very simple: Verb Stem +니?/+냐? as shown in the
verb table in the previous pages.
Examples:
(1) 음악 듣니?
음악 듣냐? Are you listing to music?
(2) 집에 가니?
집에 가냐? Are you going home?
(3) 점심 먹니?
점심 먹냐? Are you having lunch?
(4) 문자 하니?
문자 하냐? Are you texting (on the mobile phone)?
Note. Due to the nasal sound ‘ㄴ’ in +니?/+ 냐?, sometimes there will be a sound change. For instance, 듣니/듣냐 is
pronounced [든니/든냐] and 먹니/먹냐 is pronounced [멍니/멍냐].
뭐 ‘what’
Asking questions such as ‘What do you like?’ or ‘What are you doing now?’ is very simple
in Korean. The counterpart of ‘what’ is 뭐. But you have to remember that in Korean the
pronoun ‘you’ is usually omitted when it is obvious whom you are referring to. Therefore,
we just put 좋아하세요? after 뭐 as follows:
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You can ask, ‘What are you doing (now)?’ in the same way. The counterpart of ‘are
doing’ in Korean is 해(요). But if you were asking your teacher, you will need use the
honorific form 하세요, as below.
(6) 뭐 하세요? What are you doing?
And if we add 지금 (now) to the beginning of the sentence it becomes:
(casual)
(7) A: 지금 뭐 해? What are you doing now?
B: 아무 것도 안 해. I’m not doing anything.
OR
B: 한국어 공부해. I’m studying Korean.
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Task 2: Listening
☞ 문형 (EXPONENT)
지금 뭐 해요? What are you doing now?
(Something) Verb stem + (아/어)요. I'm (verb)ing (something).
Noun + 해요. I'm doing Noun .
☞ 필수 어휘 (ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
공부해요 study 전화해요 telephone
먹어요 eat 들어요 listen
읽어요 read 잠 자요 sleep
마셔요 drink 입어요 put on
만나요 meet 불러요 sing
춤 춰요 dance 봐요 see or watch
노래 song 텔레비전 television
친구 friend 옷 clothes
주스 juice 책 book
음악 music 사과 apple
☞ You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
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Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about their plans for the weekend.
민준: 이번 토요일에 뭐 해?
현우: 토요일?1 토요일엔 알바해.
민준: 무슨 알바? 2
현우: 식당에서 서빙.
민준: 그럼 일요일은?
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현우: 아직 계획 없어.
Vocabulary
이번 this
토요일 Saturday
+에 on
뭐 what
해 [하 do --> 해(casual present tense form)] do; are doing
+엔 [+에 (time particle) on +ㄴ(topic particle; emphasis)]
알바해 [알바하 do casual/part-time job --> 알바해(casual present tense form)] doing a casual job;
working part-time
무슨 what; what kind of
식당 restaurant
+에서 (activity location particle) in; at
서빙 waiting tables (i.e. ‘serving’)
그럼 then
일요일 Sunday
아직 yet; still
계획 plan(s)
없어 [없 there isn’t; not have +어 (casual present tense ending)]
there isn’t any; don’t have any
Note 1: Echo questions, such as “토요일?” in the dialogue above, are frequently used by Koreans to confirm what
someone else has just said and also to show that you are listening. These type of questions support the
conversation and show your active interest.
Note 2: 무슨 is used before the noun that you are asking about, and means “what (movie)?”, “what kind of
(person)?”, “which (colour)?” etc. You need to be very careful not to use 뭐 (what) in these cases because
“what” and “what something” in Korean are different.
However, instead of ‘무슨 Noun?’, you can also use the form ‘Noun 뭐?’ for the same effect as shown in the
dialogue below:
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A: 이번 토요일에 뭐 해? What are you up to this Saturday?
B: 알바해. I’m working part-time.
A: 알바 뭐? What job?
(instead of ‘무슨 알바?’)
B: 식당에서 서빙 Waiter at a restaurant.
Vocabulary: Time 시간
오전 오후
am/morning pm/afternoon
아침 점심 저녁 밤
morning; midday; evening; night
(breakfast) (lunch) (dinner)
평일 주말 휴일 공휴일
weekday weekend day off public holiday
workday
어제 오늘 내일 모레
yesterday today tomorrow the day after tomorrow
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle +에 is attached to the last one only:
(7) 아침 여덟 시에 I go to school at 8 o’clock in the morning.
학교에 가(요). (i.e. You do not say 아침에 여덟 시에)
Task 3: Writing
Fill in the blanks below according to the information provided. The first five sentences have been completed for
you.
morning: go to university, play tennis, swim, drink coffee, eat breakfast
afternoon: come home, listen to music, drink tea
evening: read the newspaper, study Korean
night: watch TV, write an email, go to a club
weekend: clean the house, do shopping, meet a friend, go to the cinema
1. 나는 아침에 학교에 가.
2. 나는 오후에 집에 와.
3. 나는 저녁에 신문 읽어.
4. 나는 밤에 텔레비전 봐.
5. 나는 주말에 집 청소해.
6. 나는 _______테니스 쳐.
7. 나는 _______커피 마셔.
8. 나는 _______음악 들어.
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9. 나는 _______ 한국어 공부해.
10. 나는 _______이메일 써.
11. 나는 _______ 쇼핑해.
12. 나는 _______ 수영해.
13. 나는 _______ 차 마셔.
14. 나는 _______ 극장에 가.
15. 나는 _______ 클럽에 가.
16. 나는 _______ 아침 먹어.
17. 나는 _______ 친구 만나.
Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. 백화점에서 바지 사.
2. 모내시 대학교에서 한국어 공부해.
3.__________________________ 돈 찾아.
4.__________________________ 책 사.
5.__________________________ 일해.
6.__________________________ 책 빌려.
7.__________________________ 점심 먹어.
8.__________________________ 자전거 타.
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9.__________________________ 테니스 쳐.
10.__________________________ 음악 들어.
11.__________________________ 쇼핑해.
12.__________________________ 친구 만나.
13.__________________________ 청소해.
14.__________________________ 술 마셔.
15.__________________________ 춤 춰.
16.__________________________ 노래 불러.
17__________________________. 음식 만들어.
18.__________________________ 커피 마셔.
19.__________________________ 한국 음식 먹어.
20.__________________________ 텔레비전 봐.
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Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
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Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
민준: 한국어 잘하는데. 누구야?
현우: 폴이야. 나랑 경제학 같이 들어.
민준: 그래? 경제학 수업 어때? 안 힘들어?
현우: 힘들어. 테스트도 많아.
민준: 과제는?
현우: 과제는 없어.
Romanisation and Translation
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Minjun: Hangugeo jal haneunde. Nuguya? His Korean’s good. Who is he?
Hyeonu: Poriya. Narang gyeongjehak gachi deureo. It’s Paul. He’s in my Economics
class (Lit. He takes Economics together
with me).
Minjun: Geurae? Gyeongjehak sueop eottae? Oh, okay. (Lit. Is that so?)
An himdeureo? How’s the class? Is it hard? (Lit. Is it
not hard?)
Hyeonu: Himdeureo. Teseuteudo mana. It’s hard. Lots of tests, too.
Minjun: Gwajeneun? What about assignments?
Hyeonu: Gwajeneun eopseo. We have no assignments.
Vocabulary
한국어 Korean language
잘하는데 be good at (Lit. do well)
누구 who
+야 +{이}야 is the casual form of +{이에요/예요}(am/are/is).
나 I; me
+{이}랑 with
경제학 Economics (as a subject)
같이 together
들어 [듣 listen to 들+어(casual present tense ending)] take (a class)
그래? yeah?; oh, okay. (Lit. Is that so?)
수업 class …
어때? What is … like? / How is …?
안 not
힘들어 [힘들 hard/tough/difficult/challenging +어(casual present tense ending)] hard
테스트 test
+도 too; also; as well
많아 [많 plenty; a lot +어(casual present tense ending)] there are lots of; have lots of
과제 assignment
없어 [없 there isn’t; not have +어(casual present tense ending)] there isn’t any; don’t
have
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When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into one syllable:
흐리 + 어 흐려 cloudy
느리 + 어 느려 slow
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• If the stem ends in 하: 하 해
깨끗하 깨끗해 clean
똑똑하 똑똑해 smart; clever
So far, the rule is the exactly same as that for verbs. However, here you will learn an irregular ending used
more frequently for adjectives, which is used when the stem ends in ㅂ.
• If the last vowel of the stem is ㅗ and stem ends in ㅂ: delete ㅂ +와
곱 delete ㅂ + 와 고와 (an old fashioned word for pretty like ‘fair’)
• If the last vowel of the stem is not ㅗ and stem ends in ㅂ: delete ㅂ +워
덥 delete ㅂ + 워 더워 hot (weather or temperature)
어렵 delete ㅂ + 워 어려워 difficult
Note: +워 is much more common than +와, so at this stage you only need to
focus on +워.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you add 요 at the end.
싸 + 아 싸 + 요 싸요 cheap
맛있 + 어 맛있어 + 요 맛있어요 tasty
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or
vowel.
• If the adjective stem ends in a consonant except ㅂ: +으세요
재미있 + 으세요 재미있으세요 interesting; fun
• If the adjective stem ends in a vowel: +세요
바쁘 + 세요 바쁘세요 busy
• If the adjective stem ends in the consonant ㅂ: delete ㅂ +우세요
아름답 delete ㅂ +우세요 아름다우세요 beautiful
You need not worry too much about having to remember all these rules. The best way at this stage is to
memorize both the stem and ending together as a chunk, as mentioned earlier for verbs.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different forms for a range of adjectives.
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Vocabulary: Transitional Words
Examples:
(1) A: 지금 뭐 하냐? What’re ya doin'?
B: 리포트 써. 근데 왜? Writing an assignment. Why?
Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire, asking people what
they do on weekends. Write your questions in honorific style of speech, as you want your
questions to sound very polite. The first two have been done for you.
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