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What is Diversity Factor

The Diversity Factor is the ratio of the sum of maximum demands of various load centers to the maximum coincident demand of the entire system, allowing for the design of smaller electrical sources to meet varying load demands. A higher diversity factor indicates that maximum loads occur at different times, which is economically beneficial for generating stations. Examples illustrate the calculation of the diversity factor in different scenarios, emphasizing its importance in electrical system design.

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8 views

What is Diversity Factor

The Diversity Factor is the ratio of the sum of maximum demands of various load centers to the maximum coincident demand of the entire system, allowing for the design of smaller electrical sources to meet varying load demands. A higher diversity factor indicates that maximum loads occur at different times, which is economically beneficial for generating stations. Examples illustrate the calculation of the diversity factor in different scenarios, emphasizing its importance in electrical system design.

Uploaded by

RobertoHerediaJacobo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Diversity

Factor?
We can define the Diversity factor as the ratio of the sum
of the maximum demands of the various load centers to
the maximum coincident demand of the whole system.

Mathematically, we can express the diversity factor as:

Where,
FD – Diversity factor
Di – Maximum demand of load I, irrespective of the time of
occurrence.
Dg = Maximum coincident demands of a group of n loads.

Unfortunately, it is not possible to store the electricity in a


huge amount for its later use. Therefore, it is necessary to
generate electricity as per the requirements on the
consumer side. The electrical sources, generating
stations, or transformers at the substation must be
capable to fulfill the load requirements at all times of the
day. If all the loads connected to the generator
or substation demand load simultaneously, then it is not
possible to fulfill the load requirements or we have to
install a bigger generating station or substations.

However, in fact, the maximum, demand does not happen


at the same time. The maximum load demands of various
load centers occur at different time periods of the day.
Therefore, we can construct a smaller electrical source to
cater to the maximum demands that occur at different
time periods. Thus, the diversity of the maximum
demands of various loads allows us to design a generating
station and substations for the economic installation of
the electrical equipment.

Here, a diversity factor is a very important parameter that


shows how the different loads demand maximum loading
during a specific time period of the day.

The maximum load of all the load centers can not be


more than the maximum load of the power source
whether it is a generator or transformer. The maximum
demand during the day at any point in time can not be
more than the generating capacity of the generator or the
power-delivering capacity of the transformer.
Let us understand the concept of diversity factor by
taking an example.

A substation U delivers the load to load centers P, Q, R, S


& T. The maximum load of substation A is U megawatts.
The maximum demand of load centers is A megawatt, B
megawatts. C megawatts, D megawatts, S megawatts,
and T megawatts.
From the above figures the diversity factor would be;
The above mathematical expression clearly shows that
the diversity factor equal to unity is not good. The
diversity factor must be greater than 1 for an economic
generation. A high diversity factor shows that the various
loads demand maximum load at different time periods
during the day.

Example: A power transformer at a substation has a


capacity of 3000 KW. It caters to various types of loads.
The industrial load is 3000 kW. The domestic and
municipal loads are 200 kW and 100 kW respectively. The
diversity factor of the transformer is;

Solved Problems on Diversity


Factor
Example 1: One Main Feeder have two Sub feeder (Sub
Feeder A and Sub Feeder B), Sub Feeder-A have demand
at a time is 35 KW and Sub Feeder-B have demands at a
time is 42 KW, but the maximum demand of Main Feeder
is 70 KW. Determine the Diversity Factor?

Solution:
Total individual Maximum Demand
= 35+42 = 77 KW

Maximum Demand of main feeder is


70 KW

So, from above equation of diversity factor

Diversity factor of the main feeder


= 77/70 = 1.1

Example 2: The maximum (peak) load on a thermal


power plant of 60 MW capacity is 50 MW at an annual
load factor of 50%. The loads having maximum demands
of 25 MW, 20 MW, 8 MW and, 5 MW are connected to the
power station.

Determine:
(a) Average load on power station
(b) Demand factor
(c) Diversity factor.

Solution:
Maximum Demand on power Station
= 50 MW
Load Factor = 50%

(a) We can calculate Average Load by using


formula,
(b) Demand factor

(c) Diversity factor

Example 3: A diesel power plant supplies the following


loads to various consumers −

Domestic light = 500 kW


Domestic power = 100 kW
Industrial consumers = 2000 kW
Commercial establishments = 700 kW
If the maximum demand on the power station is 3000 kW.
Determine the diversity factor of the power plant.

Solution
The diversity factor of a power station is given by,

Read Next

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 Substation Overview
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 Why Motor rated in KW instead of KVA?
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electrical substation?

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