I

ntr
oduct
ion.

Ef
fi
ci
entpubl
i
cpr
ocur
ementsy
stemsar
eessent
ial
forenhanci
ngeconomi
cgr
owt
hand
publ
i
cwel
far
e,par
ti
cul
arl
yinAf
ri
cawher
egov
ernment
spl
ayamaj
orr
olei
ndr
ivi
ng
dev
elopment
.Inor
gani
zat
ionsl
i
keMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,pr
ocur
ementi
sakey
depar
tmentt
hatsi
gni
fi
cant
lyi
mpact
sov
eral
lper
for
mance.Whenpr
ocur
ement
pr
ocessesf
acechal
l
enges,
itcannegat
ivel
yaf
fectt
heor
gani
zat
ion'
soper
ati
ons.The
pr
ocur
ementpr
ocedur
esusedbyt
hecompanyi
ncl
udet
ender
s,r
equest
sforquot
ati
ons,
andr
equest
sforpr
oposal
s.Accor
dingt
oJohn(
2003)
,tender
ingi
sapr
ocesswher
e
pot
ent
ial
suppl
i
erssubmi
tof
fer
sforasetpr
ice,
for
mingt
hebasi
sforsubsequent
cont
ract
s(Tasmani
a,2006)
.Ly
son(
2004)descr
ibest
ender
ingasani
nvi
tat
iont
o
suppl
i
erst
omakeof
fer
sthatwi
l
lfor
mthef
oundat
ionofacont
ract
.ThePPA(
2004)
out
li
nest
ender
ingasamet
hodwher
esuppl
i
ers,
cont
ract
ors,
orconsul
tant
sar
einv
ited
t
ocompet
ebysubmi
tt
ingpr
icedt
ender
sforgoods,
wor
ks,
orser
vices.Nai
r(1990)
f
urt
herexpl
ainst
hatt
ender
ingensur
esf
air
ness,
impar
ti
ali
ty,
andv
aluef
ormoneyi
n
publ
i
cpr
ocur
ement
.Tender
ingi
spar
ti
cul
arl
yimpor
tantf
oracqui
ri
nghi
gh-
val
uegoods
orser
vices(
Jonat
han,
2002)
.Mr
ope(
2005)emphasi
zest
hatt
her
easonsf
ort
ender
ing
ar
etoensur
ethebestuseofpubl
i
cfunds,
fost
ercompet
it
ion,
andensur
efai
rtr
eat
ment
amongsuppl
i
ers,
all
ofwhi
chcont
ri
but
etot
hecompany
'sabi
l
ityt
opr
ocur
eef
fi
cient
ly.

Backgr
oundoft
heSt
udy

Publ
i
cpr
ocur
ementpl
aysacr
uci
alr
olei
ndr
ivi
ngeconomi
cgr
owt
h,par
ti
cul
arl
yin
dev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es.Whenmanagedef
fect
ivel
y,publ
i
cpr
ocur
ementcanboost
domest
ici
ndust
ri
es,
fost
eri
nfr
ast
ruct
uredev
elopment
,andi
mpr
ovet
hedel
i
ver
yof
essent
ial
ser
vices.I
nZi
mbabwe,
eff
ort
shav
ebeenmadet
oref
ormt
hepubl
i
c
pr
ocur
ementsy
stem t
oenhanceef
fi
ciency
,tr
anspar
ency
,andaccount
abi
l
ity
.

Mel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,al
ocal
manuf
act
uri
ngcompany
,dependsonpubl
i
cpr
ocur
ement
f
ori
tsbusi
nessgr
owt
handsust
ainabi
l
ity
.Howev
er,
thecompanyhasencount
ered
v
ari
ouschal
l
enges,
incl
udi
ngi
nef
fi
cienci
esandal
ackoft
ranspar
ency
,thathi
nderi
ts
par
ti
cipat
ioni
npr
ocur
ementpr
ocesses.Thi
sst
udyseekst
oexpl
oret
hespeci
fi
c
chal
l
engest
hatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
sfacesi
nengagi
ngwi
thpubl
i
cpr
ocur
ement
pr
ocessesandt
opr
oposest
rat
egi
esf
ori
mpr
ovi
ngt
hesy
stem'
sef
fect
ivenessi
n
Zi
mbabwe.

Themot
ivat
ionbehi
ndt
hisst
udyi
stoenhancet
hecompet
it
ivenessofl
ocal
busi
nesses
l
i
keMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,t
her
ebycont
ri
but
ingt
obr
oadereconomi
cdev
elopmenti
n
Zi
mbabwe.Byanal
yzi
ngt
hedi
ff
icul
ti
esf
acedbyMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
sinpubl
i
c
pr
ocur
ement
,thi
sresear
chai
mst
ohel
pshapebet
terst
rat
egi
esandr
efor
mst
o
st
rengt
hent
hepubl
i
cpr
ocur
ementsy
stem andsuppor
tlocal
indust
ri
es.

3.St
atementoft
hePr
obl
em

Despi
tet
hegl
obal
changesi
npr
ocur
ementpr
ocesses,
Mel
zPur
eDet
ergent
scont
inues
t
oexper
iencei
nef
fi
cienci
esi
nthet
ender
ingpr
ocess,
leadi
ngt
osi
gni
fi
cantdel
aysand
hi
ghercost
sinpr
ocur
ement
.Thi
sissue,
ifnotaddr
essed,
wil
lst
rai
nthecompany
’s
r
esour
cesandhi
nderi
tsabi
l
ityt
ooper
ateef
fect
ivel
y.Thel
ongandcumber
some
t
ender
ingpr
ocedur
ehascausedmanysuppl
i
erst
oloseconf
idencei
nrespondi
ngt
o
Mel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s’r
equest
sforquot
ati
ons(
RFQs)
,especi
all
ygi
vent
hedel
ayed
pay
ment
sthatof
tenaccompanyt
hepr
ocess.Asar
esul
t,suppl
i
ersnowr
equi
re
pr
epay
ment
s,addi
ngf
urt
hercompl
i
cat
ions.Thi
sst
udyai
mst
ofocusoni
mpr
ovi
ngt
he
t
ender
ingpr
ocesswi
thi
nthecont
extofMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s’pr
ocur
ementandsuppl
y
chai
nmanagement
,al
i
gni
ngwi
tht
heobj
ect
ivesofZi
mbabwe’
sPubl
i
cPr
ocur
ementAct
(
Chapt
er22.
23)
.

4.Gener
alObj
ect
ives/
Aim

>Todet
ermi
net
hechal
l
engesoft
het
ender
ingpr
ocessandi
tsi
mpactonenhanci
ngt
he
ef
fi
ciencyofMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

>Toassesst
hei
mpactoft
ender
ingpr
act
icesandpr
ocedur
esatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s
i
npr
omot
ingbet
teref
fi
ciencyandt
ranspar
encyi
nli
newi
tht
henewPubl
i
cPr
ocur
ement
Act
,Chapt
er22:
23.

>Toexami
net
heext
entt
owhi
chet
hical
pract
icesi
nfl
uencet
heef
fect
ivenessoft
he
t
ender
ingpr
ocessatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

Resear
chQuest
ions.

>Whatar
ethechal
l
engesoft
het
ender
ingpr
ocessont
hepur
chasi
ngact
ivi
ti
esatMel
z
Pur
eDet
ergent
s?

>Whatar
ethet
ender
ingpr
act
icesandpr
ocedur
esusedbyMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,and
howdot
heyi
mpactor
gani
zat
ional
eff
ici
ency
?

>Doet
hical
pract
icesi
nfl
uencet
heef
fect
ivenessoft
het
ender
ingpr
ocessatMel
zPur
e
Det
ergent
s?

5.Speci
fi
cObj
ect
ives

>Tounder
standt
hei
mpor
tanceoft
ender
ingt
oanor
gani
zat
ionl
i
keMel
zPur
e
Det
ergent
s.

>Todet
ermi
newhet
hert
het
ender
ingpr
ocesspl
aysast
rat
egi
crol
einmaxi
mizi
ng
or
gani
zat
ional
prof
it
satMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

6.Del
i
mit
ati
ons

Thest
udywi
l
lbeconduct
edi
nBul
away
o,Zi
mbabwe,
focusi
ngonMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s'
pr
ocur
ementandpur
chasi
ngdepar
tment
s.Ot
herdepar
tment
s,suchaspr
oduct
ionor
war
ehousi
ng,
wil
lnotbeasext
ensi
vel
ycov
ered.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,somer
espondent
smay
hav
eli
mit
edknowl
edgeoft
hecompany
'spr
ocur
ementpol
i
cies,
whi
chcoul
dinf
luence
t
hedat
acol
l
ect
ionpr
ocess.
7.Si
gni
fi
canceoft
heSt
udy
.

ToOt
herCompani
es.

I
nZi
mbabwe’
schal
l
engi
ngeconomi
cenv
ironment
,manycompani
esst
ruggl
eto
mai
ntai
nef
fect
iveoper
ati
ons.Thi
sst
udywi
l
lhel
pot
herbusi
nesses,
par
ti
cul
arl
ythosei
n
t
hemanuf
act
uri
ngsect
orl
i
keMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,t
oenhancet
hei
rpr
ocur
ement
pol
i
cies,
managesuppl
i
err
elat
ionshi
psbet
ter
,andi
mpr
oveser
vicedel
i
ver
y.By
under
standi
ngandr
efi
ningt
ender
ingpr
act
ices,
compani
escani
mpr
ovet
hei
r
pr
ocur
ementpr
ocesses,
whi
chwi
l
lcont
ri
but
etoef
fi
ciencyandgr
owt
h.Thest
udywi
l
l
al
sohel
pcompani
esconcept
ual
i
zet
ender
ingi
npr
ocur
ementandsuppl
ychai
n
management
,ul
ti
mat
elybenef
it
ingpubl
i
candpr
ivat
eor
gani
zat
ionsal
i
ke.

ToMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

Thef
indi
ngsoft
hisst
udywi
l
lbev
aluabl
eforMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
sinr
efi
ningi
ts
pr
ocur
ementpr
ocesses.Thei
nsi
ght
sgai
nedcoul
dhel
pthecompanyst
reaml
i
nei
ts
t
ender
ingpr
ocedur
es,
maki
ngt
hem mor
eef
fi
cientandef
fect
ive,
leadi
ngt
obet
ter
ser
vicedel
i
ver
yandcostmanagement
.Thi
scoul
dal
soassi
stt
hecompanyi
nbui
l
ding
st
rongersuppl
i
err
elat
ionshi
psandi
mpr
ovi
ngi
tsov
eral
loper
ati
onal
eff
ici
ency
,
ul
ti
mat
elycont
ri
but
ingt
othebusi
ness'
ssust
ainabi
l
ityandgr
owt
h.

ToOt
herResear
cher
s.

Thi
sst
udywi
l
lser
veasaf
oundat
ionf
orf
urt
herr
esear
chi
ntopr
ocur
ementpol
i
ciesand
pr
act
ices,
par
ti
cul
arl
ywi
thi
nthepubl
i
candpr
ivat
esect
ors.Resear
cher
scanuset
he
f
indi
ngst
orei
nfor
ceexi
sti
ngl
i
ter
atur
eorexpl
orenewar
easwi
thi
nthepr
ocur
ement
f
iel
d.Thei
nsi
ght
sfr
om t
hisst
udywi
l
lexpandknowl
edgeandpr
ovi
dev
aluabl
edat
afor
f
utur
est
udi
esr
elat
edt
opr
ocur
ementpr
ocesses,
especi
all
yinZi
mbabwe'
spubl
i
csect
or
andmanuf
act
uri
ngi
ndust
ry.

8.Hy
pot
hesi
s.

Thenul
landal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
hesesar
esett
oev
aluat
ether
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
he
t
ender
ingpr
ocessandt
heor
gani
zat
ional
per
for
manceatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.The
r
esear
cherwi
l
luset
hesehy
pot
hesest
oexami
nehowt
het
ender
ingpr
ocessi
nfl
uences
t
hecompany
'soper
ati
onal
success.

Nul
lHy
pot
hesi
sH0:

Thet
ender
ingpr
ocesshasasi
gni
fi
canti
mpactont
hesuccessofMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

Al
ter
nat
iveHy
pot
hesi
sH1:

Thet
ender
ingpr
ocessdoesnothav
easi
gni
fi
canti
mpactont
hesuccessofMel
zPur
e
Det
ergent
s.

Resear
chAssumpt
ions

Thi
sst
udyi
sbasedont
hef
oll
owi
ngassumpt
ions:

>Respondent
swi
l
lpr
ovi
dehonestandaccur
ater
esponses,
hel
pingt
her
esear
chert
o
gai
nabet
terunder
standi
ngoft
hepr
ocur
ementpr
ocessesatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

>Thequest
ionnai
reandi
nter
viewmet
hodsar
esui
tabl
eforgat
her
ingt
henecessar
y
dat
aandpr
ovi
dingqual
i
tyi
nsi
ght
s.

>Thest
udyassumest
hatpr
ocur
ementpol
i
ciesi
nfl
uencet
heef
fect
ivenessoft
he
company
'sser
vicedel
i
ver
yandov
eral
loper
ati
onal
per
for
mance.

9.Resear
chMet
hodol
ogy
.

Resear
chmet
hodol
ogyr
efer
stot
hepr
ocedur
esandt
echni
quesusedt
oident
if
y,sel
ect
,
pr
ocess,
andanal
yzedat
arel
atedt
oat
opi
c.Thi
sst
udyi
nvol
vesev
aluat
ingbot
h
qual
i
tat
iveandquant
it
ati
vedat
atopr
ovi
deacompr
ehensi
veunder
standi
ngoft
he
subj
ectmat
ter
.

Fort
hisst
udyonMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,pr
imar
yandsecondar
ydat
awi
l
lbecol
l
ect
ed.
Pr
imar
ydat
awi
l
lbegat
her
edt
hroughsemi
-st
ruct
uredquest
ionnai
res,
whi
l
esecondar
y
dat
awi
l
lcomef
rom exi
sti
ngl
i
ter
atur
etov
ali
dat
eandcr
oss-
checkt
heconsi
stencyof
r
esponses.Thecol
l
ect
eddat
awi
l
lbeanal
yzedbasedonf
act
orssuchasgender
,age,
andy
ear
sofexper
iencewi
thi
nthecompany
.

Resear
chDesi
gn:

Thest
udywi
l
ladoptadescr
ipt
iver
esear
chdesi
gn,
whi
chi
sai
medatexami
ninghow
t
ender
ingaf
fect
sor
gani
zat
ional
eff
ici
encyatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.Thi
sdesi
gni
s
appr
opr
iat
eforcol
l
ect
ingdat
aont
hecur
rentsi
tuat
ion,
ident
if
yingt
rends,
and
under
standi
ngt
hei
mpactoft
ender
ingpr
act
ices.Bot
hpr
imar
yandsecondar
ydat
awi
l
l
beusedt
oensur
ethatal
lrel
evanti
nfor
mat
ioni
scapt
ured.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,qual
i
tat
ive
t
echni
queswi
l
lbeempl
oyed,
suchasgat
her
ingr
espondent
s'opi
nions,
views,
and
per
cept
ionst
hroughsur
vey
s,i
nter
views,
andquest
ionnai
res,
tounder
standhow
t
ender
ingi
nfl
uencesor
gani
zat
ional
eff
ici
ency

Dat
aAnal
ysi
sforMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

Dat
aanal
ysi
sinv
olv
esusi
ngst
ati
sti
cal
orl
ogi
cal
techni
quest
odescr
ibe,
condense,
and
ev
aluat
ecol
l
ect
eddat
a.Accor
dingt
oShamooandResni
k(2003)
,theseanal
yti
cal
pr
ocedur
eshel
pdi
sti
ngui
sht
hesi
gnal
(thephenomenonofi
nter
est
)fr
om t
henoi
se
(
stat
ist
ical
fluct
uat
ion)
.Fort
hisst
udy
,ther
esear
chermustensur
etheypossesst
he
necessar
yski
l
lsf
oranal
ysi
s,f
oll
owappr
opr
iat
enor
ms,
andmai
ntai
npr
operdat
a
r
ecor
dingmet
hods.

Oncet
hedat
aisanal
yzed,
itwi
l
lber
epor
tedi
nvar
iousf
ormat
ssuchasgr
aphs,
pie
char
ts,
andt
abl
est
omaket
hef
indi
ngsengagi
ngandusef
ulf
ordeci
sion-
maki
ng.

Dat
aPr
esent
ati
on:

Ther
esear
cherwi
l
lpr
esentt
hef
indi
ngsi
nfor
mat
sthati
ncl
udev
isual
aidsl
i
kegr
aphs,
pi
echar
ts,
andt
abl
est
oenhancer
eaderunder
standi
ngandsuppor
tquant
it
ati
ve
deci
si
on-
maki
ng.

Dat
aGat
her
ingMet
hods:

1.Sur
vey
s:

>Pr
os:

>Sur
vey
senabl
ethecol
l
ect
ionofl
arge-
scal
equant
it
ati
vedat
a,al
l
owi
ngf
orst
ati
sti
cal
anal
ysi
sandcompar
isons.

>Theycanef
fi
cient
lyr
eachawi
der
angeofpar
ti
cipant
s,especi
all
ythr
oughonl
i
ne
pl
atf
orms,
resul
ti
ngi
naqui
ckerr
esponser
ate.

>Cons:

>Sur
vey
srel
yonsel
f-
repor
teddat
a,whi
chmayr
esul
tinbi
asesori
naccur
aci
es.

>Cl
osed-
endedquest
ionsmayl
i
mitt
hedept
hofr
esponses,
rest
ri
cti
ngt
heabi
l
ityt
ogai
n
deeperi
nsi
ght
s.

>Lowr
esponser
atesornon-
responsesmayaf
fectt
hesampl
e'
srepr
esent
ati
veness.

2.I
nter
views:

>Pr
os:

>I
nter
viewspr
ovi
dei
n-dept
hinsi
ght
sint
opar
ti
ci
pant
s'exper
iencesandv
iews,
al
l
owi
ngf
orr
icherqual
i
tat
ivedat
a.

>Ther
esear
chercanpr
obef
urt
her
,ensur
ingacl
ear
erunder
standi
ngofr
esponses.

>Cons:

>I
nter
viewsar
eti
me-
consumi
ng,
especi
all
ywhenconduct
edi
nlar
genumber
s.

>Ther
eispot
ent
ial
fori
nter
viewerbi
as,
wher
ethei
nter
viewer
’sv
iewsmayi
nfl
uence
r
esponses.
 >Qual
i
tat
ivedat
afr
om i
nter
viewsmayr
equi
remor
esubj
ect
ivei
nter
pret
ati
onand
anal
ysi
s,whi
chi
sti
me-
consumi
ng.

Bot
hdat
acol
l
ect
ionmet
hodswi
l
lbeusedt
ogat
hercompr
ehensi
vei
nsi
ght
sint
othe
t
ender
ingpr
ocessatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
sandi
tsi
mpactonor
gani
zat
ional
eff
ici
ency
.

CaseSt
udi
esf
orMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

Casest
udi
esi
nvol
veadet
ail
edexami
nat
ionofspeci
fi
csi
tuat
ionsorev
ent
swi
thi
nMel
z
Pur
eDet
ergent
stobet
terunder
standcompl
exi
ssuesandf
act
orsr
elev
antt
othe
or
gani
zat
ion.

Pr
os:

1)Casest
udi
esof
ferani
n-dept
hunder
standi
ngoft
heuni
quedy
nami
csandcont
ext
wi
thi
nthecompany
.

2)Theyal
l
owf
ort
heexpl
orat
ionofi
ntr
icat
erel
ati
onshi
psandi
nter
act
ionsi
nthe
or
gani
zat
ion,
suchashowpr
ocur
ementpr
act
icesi
mpactef
fi
ciency
.

3)Casest
udi
escanpr
ovi
der
ich,
det
ail
eddat
athatai
dsi
nbui
l
dingt
heor
iesor
under
standi
ngspeci
fi
cchal
l
engesf
acedbyt
hecompany
.

Cons:

1)Casest
udi
esar
eti
me-
consumi
ngandr
equi
resi
gni
fi
cantr
esour
cest
oconduct
t
hor
oughl
y.

2)Thef
indi
ngsmaynotbeappl
i
cabl
etoot
heror
gani
zat
ions,
ast
heyar
eof
tenspeci
fi
c
t
othecasebei
ngst
udi
ed.

3)Ther
eisapot
ent
ial
forbi
asdur
ingdat
acol
l
ect
ionandi
nter
pret
ati
onduet
othe
subj
ect
ivenat
ureofcasest
udi
es.

DocumentAnal
ysi
sforMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.
Documentanal
ysi
sinv
olv
esr
evi
ewi
ngexi
sti
ngcompanydocument
ssuchas
pr
ocur
ementr
epor
ts,
pol
i
cies,
financi
alst
atement
s,andi
nter
nal
communi
cat
ionst
o
gai
ninsi
ght
sint
othecompany
’soper
ati
ons.

Pr
os:

1)Documentanal
ysi
scanr
eveal
hist
ori
cal
trendsandpat
ter
nst
hatpr
ovi
dev
aluabl
e
cont
extf
orunder
standi
ngpr
ocur
ementpr
ocessesatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

2)I
tisacost
-ef
fect
ivemet
hodsi
ncet
henecessar
ydat
aisr
eadi
l
yav
ail
abl
ewi
thi
nthe
company
.

3)Lar
geamount
sofdat
acanbeanal
yzedr
elat
ivel
yqui
ckl
y.

Cons:

1)Thequal
i
tyandcompl
etenessoft
hedocument
smayv
ary
,whi
chcoul
dli
mitt
he
dept
hofanal
ysi
s.

2)Somet
imes,
thedocument
smaynotcont
aint
hespeci
fi
cinf
ormat
ionneeded,
r
equi
ri
ngaddi
ti
onal
dat
acol
l
ect
ionmet
hods.

3)Documentanal
ysi
sisl
i
mit
edt
othei
nfor
mat
ional
readyav
ail
abl
e,gi
vi
ngt
he
r
esear
cherl
esscont
rol
overt
hedat
acol
l
ect
ed.

Li
mit
ati
onsoft
heSt
udyf
orMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

1)Somer
espondent
swer
ehesi
tantt
oshar
einf
ormat
ion,
fear
ingj
obconsequencesi
f
sensi
ti
vecompanyshor
tcomi
ngswer
edi
scl
osed.

2)Thest
udyf
ocusedonl
yont
hepr
ocur
ementf
unct
ionanddi
dnott
hor
oughl
yexpl
ore
ot
herar
easofser
vicedel
i
ver
ywi
thi
nMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.

3)Accesst
okeymanager
s,whoar
ebet
terposi
ti
onedt
omakest
rat
egi
cdeci
sions,
was
chal
l
engi
ngduet
othei
rbusyschedul
esandcr
it
ical
wor
kcommi
tment
s.
4)Ther
esear
cherf
acedf
inanci
alconst
rai
ntsr
elat
edt
otr
anspor
tandst
ati
oner
ycost
s,
r
ely
ingonper
sonal
fundsandassi
stancef
rom f
ami
l
yandf
ri
endst
oconductt
he
r
esear
ch.

5)Thest
udywasl
i
mit
edt
orespondent
swhower
efl
uenti
nEngl
i
sh,
asv
ernacul
ar
l
anguagewasnotusedf
ordat
acol
l
ect
ion,
pot
ent
ial
l
yexcl
udi
ngsomest
affmember
s.

10.FI
NANCI
ALBUDGETANDSCHEDULEOFACTI
VITI
ES(
Mel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s)

Af
inanci
albudgeti
sakeycomponentofar
esear
chpr
oposal
,out
li
ningt
hepr
oject
ed
cost
sassoci
atedwi
thconduct
ingt
hest
udy
.Itdet
ail
stheant
ici
pat
edexpensesandt
he
al
l
ocat
ionofr
esour
cesneededf
ort
her
esear
chpr
ocess.Thi
sbudgetdemonst
rat
est
he
f
easi
bil
i
tyoft
hepr
ojectandshowshowr
esour
ceswi
l
lbeef
fect
ivel
yut
il
izedt
oensur
e
t
hesuccessf
ulcompl
eti
onoft
hest
udy
.Bel
owi
sabr
eakdownoft
heexpect
edcost
s
t
hatwi
l
lbei
ncur
redf
orconduct
ingt
her
esear
chatMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s.Al
lamount
s
ar
equot
edi
nUni
tedSt
atesdol
l
ars(
USD)
.

Resour
ceRequi
rement
s. Amount
sinUSDol
l
ars.

Per
sonnel $10

Secr
etar
ial
Staf
f $30

Dat
acapt
ures $20

Resear
chAssi
stant $15

Tot
al $75

Equi
pment(
lapt
op,
har
ddr
ives) $100

Tr
anspor
t $20

Mat
eri
alsandsuppl
i
es $10

Pr
int
ing $12

Tot
al $142

Ot
hercost
s(I
nter
netcost
sandt
rai
ning) $50
Thisisabr iefdescri
pti
oninchr
onol
ogi
calor
derofeachact
ivi
tyt
obeundert
akenbythe
researcherinwr i
ti
ngtheresear
chpr
oposal
.Thefol
lowi
ngisaschedul
eofacti
vi
ti
eswhichi
sin
chronologicalorder
.

Dur
ati
on.

Act
ivi
ty Dur
ati
on(
Mont
h)

Ti
tt
lepr
obl
em f
ormul
ati
on 1mont
h

Pr
oposedwr
it
ing 1mont
h

Pr
oposal
assessment 1mont
h

Resear
ch 1mont
h

Fi
nal
proj
ectdr
aft 1mont
h

Tot
aldur
ati
on 6mont
hs

Concl
usi
on.

Tender
ingi
sanessent
ial
processf
orMel
zPur
eDet
ergent
s,especi
all
ywheni
tcomest
o
acqui
ri
ngr
awmat
eri
als,
packagi
ng,
andot
hernecessar
ysuppl
i
esf
ort
hepr
oduct
ionof
det
ergent
s.Thet
ender
ingpr
ocessi
nvi
tesbi
dsf
rom pot
ent
ial
suppl
i
ers,
ensur
ingt
hat
t
hecompanysecur
est
hebestdeal
sint
ermsofqual
i
ty,
pri
ce,
anddel
i
ver
yti
mel
i
nes.I
t
hel
pst
hecompanymai
ntai
nacompet
it
iveedgei
nthemar
ketwhi
l
efost
eri
ng
t
ranspar
encyandaccount
abi
l
ity
.Byadher
ingt
othet
ender
ingpr
ocess,
Mel
zPur
e
Det
ergent
sensur
est
hati
tmeet
sit
spr
ocur
ementneedsi
nacost
-ef
fect
iveandef
fi
cient
manner
,whi
chi
scr
uci
alf
ort
hesust
ainabi
l
ityoft
hebusi
ness.Mor
eov
er,
thet
ender
ing
pr
ocesspl
aysakeyr
olei
nmai
ntai
ninggoodsuppl
i
err
elat
ionshi
ps,
enhanci
ng
oper
ati
onal
eff
ici
ency
,andcont
ri
but
ingt
otheov
eral
lsuccessoft
hecompany
.

11.Ref
erences.

-Bamber
ger
,M.(
2000)
.Int
egr
ati
ngquant
it
ati
veandqual
i
tat
iver
esear
chi
ndev
elopment
pr
oject
s.*
Dir
ect
ionsi
nDev
elopmentSer
ies*
.Washi
ngt
on,
DC:
TheWor
ldBank.
-Cr
owe,
S.,
Cresswel
l
,K.
,Rober
tson,
A.,
Gur
o,H.
,Av
ery
,A.
,&Shei
kh,
B.(
2011)
.TheCase
St
udyAppr
oach.*
Jour
nal
ofMedi
cal
Resear
chMet
hodol
ogy
*,4(
6),
5-11.

Denscombe,
M.(
2008)
.Communi
ti
esofPr
act
ice:
AResear
chPar
adi
gm f
ort
heMi
xed
Met
hodsAppr
oach.*
Jour
nal
ofMi
xedMet
hodsResear
ch*
,2(
3),
270-
283.

-Mor
is,
P.A.
,&Doni
,D.(
2010)
.TheEconomi
csofPr
ocur
ementCont
ractAwar
ding.
*
Jour
nal
ofPubl
i
cPr
ocur
ement
*,10,
93-
120.

-Mut
ai,
D.K.(
2015)
.ImpactonPr
ocur
ementPol
i
ciesandPr
ocedur
es.

-Ol
i
ver
,R.L.
,&DeSar
bo,
W.S.(
1988)
.ResponseDet
ermi
nant
sinSat
isf
act
ionJudgment
.
*
Jour
nal
ofConsumerResear
ch*
,14,
495-
507.

-Omondi
,J.(
2013)
.Inf
luenceofPr
ocur
ementPr
ocedur
esonConst
ruct
ionPr
oject
Per
for
mance.