DIFFERENTIABILITY AND

CHAPTER 4 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

INDEX

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4.1 MEANING OF DERIVATIVE

4.2 EXISTENCE OF DERIVATIVE AT X = A

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4.3 DIFFERENTIABILITY & CONTINUITY

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4.4 IMPORTANT NOTE

4.5 DIFFERENTIABILITY OVER AN INTERVAL

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4.6 DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE

4.7 DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS

4.8 FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS

4.9 LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION

4.10 DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS

4.11 PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION

4.12 DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T. ANOTHER FUNCTION

4.13 DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION AND ITS INVERSE FUNCTION

4.14 HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES

NCERT BASED QUESTIONS

EXERCISE-1

EXERCISE-2
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DIFFERENTIABILITY AND METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION
4.1 MEANING OF DERIVATIVE
The instantaneous rate of change of a function with respect to a dependent variable is called derivative. Let ‘f’
be a given function of one variable and let Dx denote a number (positive or negative) to be added to the number
x. Let Df denote the corresponding change of ‘f’ then Df = f(x + Dx) – f(x)
Df f(x + Dx) - f(x)
Þ =
Dx Dx
If Df/Dx approaches a limit as Dx approaches zero, this limit is the derivative of ‘f’ at the point x. The derivative
of a function ‘f’ is a function ; this function is denoted by symbols such as
df d df(x)
f'(x), , f(x) or
dx dx dx

df Df f(x + Dx) - f(x)

Þ = lim = lim
dx Dx ®0 Dx Dx ®0 Dx

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df(x)
The derivative evaluated at a point 'a', is written as, f '(a), ,f '(x)x = a , etc.
dx x = a

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4.2 EXISTENCE OF DERIVATIVE AT x = a
y

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y=f(x)

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f(a + h)

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f(a + h) – f(a) R
f(a–h)

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f(a – h) – f(a)
P
f(a)

x
a–h a a+h
(h ® 0) (h ® 0)

(a) Right hand derivative –

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The right hand derivative of f(x) at x = a denoted by f'(a +) is defined as :

f(a + h) - f(a)
f '(a + ) = Lim , provided the limit exists & is finite. (h > 0)
h ®0 h
(b) Left hand derivative –
The left hand derivative of f(x) at x = a denoted by f'(a –) is defined as :

f(a - h) - f(a)
f'(a - ) = Lim , provided the limit exists & is finite. (h > 0)
h® 0 -h

Hence f(x) is said to be derivable or differentiable at x = a. If f'(a+ ) = f'(a – ) = finite quantity and

it is denoted by f'(a); where f'(a) = f'(a –) = f'(a+) & it is called derivative or differential coefficient of f(x)
at x = a.

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4.3 DIFFERENTIABILITY & CONTINUITY
Theorem – If a function f(x) is derivable at x = a, then f(x) is continuous at x = a.

f(a + h) - f(a)
Proof : f '(a) = Lim exists.
h® 0 h

f(a + h) - f(a)
Also f(a + h) - f(a) = .h [h ¹ 0]
h

f(a + h) - f(a)
\ Lim [f(a + h) - f(a)] = Lim .h = f '(a).0 = 0
h® 0 h®0 h

Þ Lim[f(a + h) - f(a)] = 0 Þ Lim f(a + h) = f(a) Þ f(x) is continuous at x = a.

h® 0 h®0

NOTE
(i) Differentiable Þ Continuous; Continuous Þ / Differentiable; Not Differentiable Þ / Not Continuous but
Not Continuous Þ Not Differentiable

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(ii) All polynomial, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions are continuous and differentiable in
their domains.
(iii) If f(x) & g(x) are differentiable at x = a then the functions f(x) + g(x), f(x) – g(x), f(x). g(x) will also be

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differentiable at x =a & if g(a) ¹ 0 then the function f(x)/g(x) will also be differentiable at x = a.

Examples

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ì

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ï sgn(x) + x; -¥ < x < 0
ï p
p
Example 1: Let f(x) = ïí -1 + sin x; 0£x< . Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & .
2 2
ï
ï p
£x<¥

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ïîcos x; 2

ì
ï -1 + x; -¥ < x < 0
ï
Solution : ï p
f(x) = í -1 + sin x; 0£x<
ï 2
ï p
ïîcos x; £x<¥
2

To check the differentiability at x = 0

f(0 - h) - f(0) -1 + 0 - h - (-1)
LHD = lim = lim =1
-h -h
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h® 0 h® 0

f(0 + h) - f(0) -1 + sinh+ 1

RHD = lim = lim =1
h® 0 h h®0 h
Q LHD = RHD
\ Differentiable at x = 0.
Þ Continuous at x = 0.
p
To check the continuity at x =
2
LHL lim- f(x) = lim- (-1 + sin x) = 0
p p
x® x®
2 2

RHL lim+ f(x) = lim+ cos x = 0

p p
x® x®
2 2

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æ pö
Q LHL = RHL = f çè ÷ø = 0
2
p
\ Continuous at x = .
2
p
To check the differentiability at x =
2
æp ö æ pö
f ç - h÷ - f ç ÷
è2 ø è 2ø -1 + cosh - 0
LHD = lim = lim =0
h® 0 -h h ® 0 -h

æp ö æ pö
f ç + h÷ - f ç ÷
è2 ø è 2ø - sinh - 0
RHD = lim = lim = -1
h®0 h h® 0 h
Q LHD ¹ RHD

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p
\ not differentiable at x = .
2
ì 1
|x | ³ 1

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ï ,
Example 2: Let f(x) = í|x| be continuous and differentiable everywhere. Then a and b are -
ïax 2 + b, |x |< 1
î

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1 3 1 3 1 3
(A) - , (B) ,- (C) , (D) none of these
2 2 2 2 2 2

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ì 1
ï- x , x £ -1
ïï
Solution : f(x) = íax 2 + b, -1 < x < 1 !
ï1

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ï , x ³1
ïî x
Since function is continuous everywhere
\ LHL = RHL
at x = –1
-1
LHL = hlim f(-1 - h) = lim =1
®0 h®0 (-1 - h)

RHL = hlim f(-1 + h) = lim a(-1 + h)2 + b = a + b

®0 h® 0
Þ a+b=1 .....(A)
Again, function is differentiable everywhere.
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LHD = RHD
at x = –1
-1 1
-
f( -1 - h) - f(-1)
LHD = lim = lim -1 - h 1 = 1
h® 0 -h h®0 -h

a ( -1 + h) + b - 1
2
f(-1 + h) - f(-1) a(1 + h 2 - 2h) + b - 1
RHD = lim = lim = lim
h® 0 +h h®0 h h® 0 h

a + b - 1 + ah 2 - 2ah
= lim = –2a [Q a + b = 1 from A]
h®0 h
Þ – 2a = 1 ......(B)
-1 3
Þ a= &b= (using (A) & (B) )
2 2
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ì A + Bx2 x <1
Example 3: If f(x) = í
î3Ax - B + 2 x ³ 1
then find A and B so that f(x) become differentiable at x = 1.

f(1 + h) - f(1) 3A(1 + h) - B + 2 - 3A + B - 2 3Ah

Solution : f'(1+) = lim = lim = lim = 3A
h® 0
h h® 0
h h® 0
h

f(1 - h) - f(1) 2
( -2A + 2B - 2) + Bh2 - 2Bh
f'(1–) = lim = lim A + B(1 - h) - 3A + B - 2 = lim
h® 0 -h h® 0
-h h® 0
-h
hence for this limit to be defined
– 2A + 2B – 2 = 0
B= A+ 1

f'(1–) = lim
h® 0
– (Bh – 2B) = 2B

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\ f'(1–) = f' (1+)
3A = 2B = 2(A + 1)
A = 2, B = 3 Ans.

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ì x - 1 ([x] - x) , x ¹ 1
Example 4: If f(x) = í
0 , x=1

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î
Test the differentiability at x = 1, where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Solution : Check the differentiability at x = 1

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f(1 + h) - f(1)
Rf '(1) = lim (Q x > 1)
h® 0
h

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1 + h - 1 ([1 + h] - (1 + h)) - 0
= lim
h® 0
h

h(1 - 1 - h) h( -h)
= lim = lim =0
h® 0
h h® 0
h
f(1 - h) - f(1)
Lf '(1) = lim
h® 0
-h
1 - h - 1 ([1 - h] - (1 - h)) - 0 h(0 - 1 + h)
= lim = lim =1
h® 0
-h h® 0
-h
Lf'(1) ¹ Rf'(1)
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1. Ans.
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ì [cos px] x £ 1
Example 5: f(x) = í comment on the derivability at x =1, where [ ] denotes greatest integer
î2{x} - 1 x > 1
function & { } denotes fractional part function.

f(1 - h) - f(1) [cos( p - ph)] + 1 -1 + 1

Solution : f'(1–) = lim = lim = lim =0
h® 0
-h h® 0
-h h® 0
-h

f(1 + h) - f(1) 2{1 + h} - 1 + 1 2h

f'(1+) = lim = lim = lim =2
h® 0
h h® 0
h h® 0
h

Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1. Ans.

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4.4 IMPORTANT NOTE
(a) Let f'(a+) = p & f'(a–) = q where p & q are finite then –
(i) p = q Þ f is differentiable at x = a Þ f is continuous at x = a
(ii) p ¹ q Þ f is not differentiable at x = a Þ f may or may not be continuous at x = a

Examples
Example 6: Determine the values of x for which the following functions fails to be continuous or differentiable
ì(1 - x), x <1
ï
f(x) = í(1 - x)(2 - x), 1 £ x £ 2 , Justify your answer..
ï(3 - x), x >2
î
Solution : By the given definition it is clear that the function f is continuous and differentiable at all points
except possibily at x = 1 and x = 2.
Check the differentiability at x = 1
f(1 - h) - f(1) 1 - (1 - h) - 0

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q = LHD = lim = lim = -1
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h
f(1 + h) - f(1) {1 - (1 + h)}{2 - (1 + h)} - 0
p = RHD = lim = lim = -1

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h ®0 h h ®0 h
Q q=p \ Differentiable at x = 1. Þ Continuous at x = 1.
Check the differentiability at x = 2

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f(2 - h) - f(2) (1 - 2 + h)(2 - 2 + h) - 0
q = LHD = lim = lim = 1 = finite
h ®0 -h h® 0 -h

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f(2 + h) - f(2) (3 - 2 - h) - 0
p = RHD = lim = lim ® ¥ (not finite)
h ®0 h h ® 0 h
Q q¹p \ not differentiable at x = 2.

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Now we have to check the continuity at x = 2

LHL = xlim f(x) = lim- (1 - x)(2 - x) = lim (1 - (2 - h))(2 - (2 - h)) = 0

®2- x ®2 h ®0

RHL = lim+ f(x) = lim+ (3 - x) = hlim

®0
(3 - (2 + h)) = 1
x ®2 x ®2
\ LHL ¹ RHL
Þ not continuous at x = 2.

(b) Geometrical interpretation of differentiability –

(i) If the function y = f(x) is differentiable at x = a, then a unique tangent can be drawn to the curve
y = f(x) at the point P(a, f(a)) & f'(a) represent the slope of the tangent at point P.
(ii) If a function f(x) does not have a unique tangent (p ¹ q) but is continuous at x = a, it
geometrically implies a sharp corner at x = a. Note that p and q may not be finite,
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

where p = f'(a+) and q = f'(a–)

e.g. (1) f(x) = |x| and |x| 1/3 is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 &
there is sharp corner at x = 0.
y

f(x)=|x|1/3
p ® +¥
(does not have unique tangent)
x
q ® -¥
O

y
f(x )=|x | p =1
(does not have unique tangent)
q = -1
o x
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(2) f(x) = x1/3 is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 because f'(0+) ® ¥ and
f'(0–) ® ¥.
p ® +¥
y
f(x)=x1/3 q ® +¥

x (have a unique tangent but does not have a sharp corner)

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Note : sharp corner Þ non differentiable non differentiable Þ

/ sharp corner

Examples
Example 7: Let f(x) = max {(1 + x), (1 – x), 2}. Find the number of points where it is not differentiable.
y
ì1 - x; x < -1

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Solution : ï
f(x) = í2; -1 £ x £ 1 (–1, 2) (1, 2)
ï1 + x; x > 1
î

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at x = –1 –1 1 x

f( -1 - h) - f( -1) 1 - ( -1 - h) - 2 h
q =LHD = f'(–1–) = lim = lim = lim = –1

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h ®0 -h h® 0 -h h ®0 -h

+ f( -1 + h) - f(-1) 2-2
p = RHD = f '( -1 ) = lim = lim =0
h h ®0 h

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h ®0

Q q¹p
\ not differentiable but continuous at x = –1 and having sharp corner.
Now, at x = 1

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f(1 - h) - f(1) 2 -2
q = LHD = f'(1–) = lim = lim =0
h ®0 -h h ® 0 -h

+ f(1 + h) - f(1) 1 + (1 + h) - 2
p = RHD = f '(1 ) = lim = lim =1
h ®0 h h ®0 h
Q q¹p
\ not differentiable but continuous at x = 1 and having sharp corner.
Þ f(x) is not differentiable at x = ±1. Ans.
4.5 DIFFERENTIABILITY OVER AN INTERVAL
(a) f(x) is said to be differentiable over an open interval (a, b) if it is differentiable at each & every point of the
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

open interval (a, b).

(b) f(x) is said to be differentiable over the closed interval [a, b] if :
(i) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b) &
(ii) for the points a and b, f'(a+) & f'(b–) exist.

Examples
ìe -|x|, -5 < x < 0
ïï -|x -1| -1
Example 8: If f(x) = í -e + e + 1, 0 £ x < 2
ï -|x -2|
ïîe , 2£x<4

Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(x) in the interval (–5, 4).

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Solution : Check the differentiability at x = 0
f(0 - h) - f(0) e-|-h| - 1 e -h - 1
LHD = lim = lim = lim =1
h ®0 -h h ®0 -h h®0 -h
f(0 + h) - f(0) -e -|h -1| + e -1 + 1 - 1 e -1 (1 - e h )
RHD = lim = lim = lim = -e-1
h ®0 h h® 0 h h ®0 h
\ LHD ¹ RHD
Þ not differentiable at x = 0.
but f(x) is continous at x = 0, because p ¹ q and both are finite.
check the differentiability at x = 2
f(2 - h) - f(2) e -|1- h| + e -1 + 1 - 1 e -1 (1 - e h )
LHD = lim = lim = lim = e-1
h ®0 -h h® 0 -h h ®0 -h
f(2 + h) - f(2) e-|h| - 1 (e - h - 1)
RHD = lim = lim = lim = -1
h ®0 h h®0 h h ®0 h

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\ LHD ¹ RHD
Þ not differentiable at x = 2.
but f(x) is continous at x = 2, because p ¹ q and both are finite.

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Similar checking at x = 1 indicates that function is non-differentiable at x = 1

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-1

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TOPICS COVERED : DERIVATIVE AT A POINT, DIFFERENTIABILITY & CONTINUITY,

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GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF DIFFERENTIABILITY, DIFFERENTIABILITY OVER AN
INTERVAL

1. A function is defined as follows :

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ìïx3 ; x2 < 1
f(x) = í discuss the continuity and differentiability at x = 1.
ïîx ; x2 ³ 1
ì x - 1 if x < 2
2. f (x) = í check differentiability at x = 2.
î 2x - 3 if x ³ 2
ì(x - 1)|x - 1|, x ¹ 1
3. Let f(x) = í . Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f(x) at x = 1.
î0, x =1
ì x 2 + 3x + p for x £ 1
4. f (x) = í is differentiable everywhere, then find the values of p and q.
î qx + 2 for x > 1
ìï -4 ; -4 < x < 0
5. Let f(x) = í 2
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

ïî x - 4 ; 0 £ x < 4
Discuss the continuity and differentiablity of g(x) = |f(x)|.
x x
6. If f(x) = then derivative of f(x) at x = 0 is
x+2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/2 (D) does not exist
|x| 3
7. If f(x) = p|sin x| + qe + r|x| and f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then
(A) q + r = 0; p is any real number (B) p + q = 0; r is any real number
(C) q = 0, r = 0; p is any real number (D) r = 0, p = 0; q is any real number
sin 4 p[x]
8. Let f(x) = , where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then
1 + [x]2
(A) f(x) is not differentiable at some points (B) f(x) exists but is different from zero
(C) LHD (at x = 0) = 0, RHD (at x = 1) = 0 (D) f'(x) = 0 but f is not a constant function
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9. The function given by y = ||x||–1| is differentiable for all real numbers except the points
(A) {0, 1, –1} (B) ±1 (C) 1 (D) –1
ì[cos px], x <1
10. If f(x) = í , then f(x) is
î| x - 2|, 1 £ x<2
(A) discontinuous and non-differentiable at x = –1 and x = 1
(B) continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(C) not differentiable at x = 0
(D) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0

ìïax3 + b, for 0£ x £1
11. If f(x) = í be the differentiable function in [0, 2], then find a and b.
-1
ïî2cos px + tan x, for 1< x £2

(where [×] denotes the greatest integer function)

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ì[x] ; 0<x£2
12. Let f(x) = í , where [.] denotes greatest integer function.
î2x - 2 ; 2 < x < 3
(a) Find that points at which continuity and differentiability should be checked.

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(b) Discuss the continuity & differentiability of f(x) in the interval (0, 3).

ì ax ( x - 1) + b, x < 1

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ï
13. The function ƒ ( x ) = í x - 1 , 1 £ x £ 3 find the values of the constants a, b, p and q so that all the
ï 2
î px + qx + 2, x > 3

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following conditions are satisfied.
(a) ƒ(x) is continuous for all x. (b) ƒ'(1) does not exist. (c) ƒ'(x) is continuous at x = 3.

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14. Discuss the continuity and differentiability in [0, 2] of

ì 2x - 3 éëx ùû, x ³ 1
ï
ƒ ( x) = í æ px ö
ï sin ç ÷ , x < 1
î è 2 ø

where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.

4.6 DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE

dy f(x + dx) - f(x) dy
Obtaining the derivative using the definition Lim = Lim = f '(x) = is called calculating
dx ® 0 dx dx ® 0 dx dx
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

derivative using first principle or delta method.

Examples
Example 9: Differentiate each of following functions by first principle :
(i) f(x) = tanx (ii) f(x) = esinx
tan(x + h) - tan x tan(x + h - x)[1 + tan x tan(x + h)]
Solution : (i) f '(x) = lim = lim
h® 0 h h ® 0 h
tanh
= lim . (1 + tan2x) = sec2x. Ans.
h® 0 h

sin x [ e - 1] æ sin(x + h) - sin x ö

sin(x + h)- sin x
esin(x + h) - esin x
(ii) f'(x) = lim = lim e ç ÷ø
h®0 h h ® 0 sin(x + h) - sin x è h

sin x sin(x + h) - sin x

= e lim = esinxcosx Ans.
h® 0 h
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4.7 DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS
f(x) f '(x) f(x) f '(x)
n n–1 x x
(i) x nx (ii) e e
x x
(iii) a a lna, a > 0 (iv) lnx 1/x
(v) logax (1/x) logae, a > 0, a ¹ 1 (vi) sinx cosx
(vii) cosx – sinx (viii) tanx sec2x
(ix) secx secx tanx (x) cosecx – cosecx . cotx
(xi) cotx – cosec2x (xii) constant 0
1 -1
(xiii) sin–1 x , -1 < x < 1 (xiv) cos–1 x , -1 < x < 1
1 - x2 1 - x2
1 1
, | x |> 1
(xv) tan–1 x , x ÎR (xvi) sec–1 x
1 + x2 | x | x2 - 1
-1 -1
, | x |> 1

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(xvii) cosec–1 x (xviii) cot–1 x , x ÎR
| x | x2 - 1 1 + x2
4.8 FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS

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If f and g are derivable functions of x, then,
d df dg
(a) (f ± g) = ±
dx dx dx

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d df
(b) (cf) = c , where c is any constant
dx dx

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d dg df
(c) (fg) = f +g known as “PRODUCT RULE”
dx dx dx
æ df ö æ dg ö
gç ÷ - fç ÷
d æ fö è dx ø è dx ø

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(d) = where g ¹ 0 known as “QUOTIENT RULE”
dx çè g ÷ø g 2

dy dy du
(e) If y = f(u) & u = g (x) then = . known as “CHAIN RULE”
dx du dx
dy du
Note – In general if y = f(u) then = f '(u). .
dx dx
Examples
dy
Example 10: If y = ex tan x + xlogex, find .
dx
Solution : y = ex.tan x + x · logex
On differentiating we get,
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

dy 1
= ex · tan x + ex · sec2x + 1 · log x + x ·
dx x
dy
Hence, = ex(tanx + sec2 x) + (logx + 1) Ans.
dx
log x dy
Example 11: If y = + ex sin2x + log5x, find .
x dx
Solution : On differentiating we get,
dy d æ log x ö d x d
= ç ÷ + (e sin 2x) + (log 5 x)
dx dx è x ø dx dx
1
·x - log x . 1
x 1
= + ex sin2x + 2ex . cos2x +
x2 x log e 5
dy æ 1 - log x ö 1
Hence, =ç ÷ + ex(sin2x + 2cos2x) + Ans.
dx è x 2 ø x log e 5
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dy
Example 12: If y = loge (tan -1 1 + x 2 ) , find .
dx

Solution : y = loge (tan -1 1 + x 2 )

On differentiating we get,
1 1 1
= . . .2x
-1 2 2 2
tan 1+ x 1+ ( 1+ x ) 2 1 + x2
x x
= = Ans.
( tan -1 1 + x2 ) {1 + ( 1 + x2 ) 2
} 1 + x2
( tan -1
1+ x 2 ) (2 + x2 ) 1 + x2

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-2

TOPICS COVERED : DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE, DERIVATIVE USING

N
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS, DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS
1. Differentiate each of following functions by first principle:

E
1
(a) f(x) = lnx (b) f(x) =
x

L
dy
2. If y = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) then find .
dx

L
dy
3. If y = e5x tan(x2 + 2) then find .
dx

1+ x dy
If y = log

A
4. , then find
1- x dx

d 1 + cos 2x
5. Evaluate .
dx 1 - cos 2x

d
6. Evaluate tan-1 ( sec x + tan x ) .
dx

d x
7. Evaluate
dx
( e log sin 2x )
dy
8. If y = sin( sinx + cosx) , then find
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

dx
d
9. (sin5x.sin5x) =
dx
(A) sin4x.sin5x (B) 5sin4x.sin6x (C) 5sin4x.sin5x (D) –5sin4x.sin6x
2
x + sin4 x + sin6 x +...+¥ dy
10. If y = e sin , then =
dx
2 2
(B) e tan x sec2 x (C) 2 e tan x tanx.sec2x
2
(A) e tan x
(D) 1

11. d æ3 -3 ö =
x -x

ç ÷
dx è 3x + 3- x ø

4 log 3 -4 log 3 1 -1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(3x + 3- x )2 (3x + 3- x )2 (3 + 3- x )2
x
(3 + 3- x )2
x

132
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d é e sin x
+ e - sin x ù
12. ê ú =
dx êë e sin x
-e - sin x
úû
2 2
- cos x - cos x
x x -2cos x 2cos x
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(e )
2 sin x
sin x
- e - sin x e sin x e e sin x

4.9 LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION

To find the derivative of a function
(a) which is the product or quotient of a number of functions or
(b) of the form [f(x)] g (x) where f & g are both derivable.
It is convenient to take the logarithm of the function first & then differentiate.
Examples

N
dy
Example 13: If y = (sin x)ln x, find
dx

E
Solution : ln y = ln x. ln (sin x)
On differentiating we get,

L
1 dy 1 cos x dy é ln(sin x) ù
= ln (sinx) + ln x. Þ = (sinx)ln x ê + cot x l n x ú Ans.
y dx x sin x dx ë x û
x1/ 2 (1 - 2x)2 / 3 dy

L
Example 14: If y = find
(2 - 3x)3 / 4 (3 - 4x)4 / 5 dx
1 2 3 4
Solution : ln y = ln x + ln (1 – 2x) – ln (2 – 3x) – ln (3 – 4x)
2 3 4 5

A
On differentiating we get,
1 dy 1 4 9 16
Þ = – + +
y dx 2x 3(1 - 2x) 4(2 - 3x) 5(3 - 4x)
dy æ 1 4 9 16 ö
= y çè 2x - 3(1 - 2x) + 4(2 - 3x) + 5(3 - 4x) ÷ø Ans.
dx

4.10 DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS f(x, y) = 0

(a) To find dy /dx of implicit functions, we differentiate each term w.r.t. x regarding y as a function of x &
then collect the terms with dy/dx together on one side.
(b) In the case of implicit functions, generally, both x & y are present in answers of dy/dx.
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

Examples
dy
Example 15: If xy + yx = 2, then find .
dx
Solution : Let u = xy and v = yx
du dv
u+v=2 Þ + =0
dx dx
Now u = xy and v = yx
Þ ln u = y lnx and ln v = x ln y

1 du y dy 1 dv x dy
Þ = + lnx and = ln y +
u dx x dx v dx y dx

133
TIM BATCH
ALLEN
du æy dy ö dv æ x dy ö
Þ = xy çè + lnx ÷ø and = yx ç l n y +
dx x dx dx è y dx ÷ø

æy dy ö æ x dy ö
Þ xy çè + l n x ÷ø + yx çè lny + =0
x dx y dx ÷ø

æ x y yö
dy çè y lny + x . ÷ø
Þ =- x Ans.
dx æ y x xö
çè x lnx + y . y ÷ø

sin x dy (1 + y ) cos x + y sin x

Example 16: If y = , prove that = .
cos x dx 1 + 2y + cos x - sin x
1+
sin x
1+

N
1 + cos x.....

sin x (1 + y) sin x
Solution : Given function is y = =

E
cos x 1 + y + cos x
1+
1+ y

L
or y + y2 + y cos x = (1 + y) sin x
Differentiate both sides with respect to x,

L
dy dy dy dy
+ 2y + cos x - y sin x = (1 + y) cosx + sin x
dx dx dx dx
dy
(1 + 2y + cosx – sinx) = (1 + y) cosx + ysinx

A
dx

dy (1 + y ) cos x + y sin x
or = Ans.
dx 1 + 2y + cos x - sin x

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-3

TOPICS COVERED : LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION, DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT
FUNCTIONS f(x, y) = 0,
dy
1. Find if y = xx
dx
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

dy 2 3 4
2. Find if y = e x .e x .e x .e x
dx
æp ö
3. If f (x ) = cos x cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 8 x cos 16 x , then find f ¢ç ÷
è4ø

dy
4. Find , if x + y = sin(x – y)
dx
5. If x2 + xey + y = 0, find y', also find the value of y' at point (0,0).
x dy
6. If sin( xy) + = x 2 - y, then find .
y dx
dy
7. If x 3 + 8 xy + y 3 = 64 ,then find .
dx

134
 Mathematics
ALLEN
d
8. [log{log(logx)}] =
dx
1 -1 x 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x log x log(log x) x log x log(log x) log x log(log x) log x log(log x)

dy
9. If 2x2 – 3xy + y2 + x + 2y – 8 = 0, then is equal to
dx
3y - 4x - 1 3y + 4x + 1 3y - 4x + 1 3y - 4x + 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2y - 3x + 2 2y + 3x + 2 2y - 3x - 2 2y + 3x + 2
dy
10. If sin (x + y) = log (x + y), then =
dx
(A) 2 (B) –2 (C) 1 (D) –1

11.
dx
e{
d log 1+ cot 2 x
}
=
(C) cosec2x.cot x

N
(A) cosec x cot x (B) –cosec x.cot x (D) 0
dy
12. If xm . yn = (x + y)m+n then =
dx

E
y y my ny
(A) (B) – (C) (D)
x x x x

L
dy
13. If ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 then =
dx
æ ax + hy ö æ ax + hy ö

L
(A) - ç ÷ (B) ç ÷ (C) –(ax + hy) (hx + by) (D) (ax + hy) (hx + by)
è hx + by ø è hx + by ø
dy
14. If ex+y = xy then =
dx

A
y(1 - x) - y(1 - x) x(y - 1) -x(y - 1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x(y - 1) x(y - 1) y(1 + x) y(1 + x)
15. The derivative of y = (1 – x) (2 – x) (3 – x).... (n – x) at x = 1 is
(A) 0 (B) n! – 1 (C) (–1)n–1 (n – 1)! (D) (–1)(n – 1)!

dy
16. If y = 5 2{log5 (x+1)-log5 (3x+1)} , then at x = 0 is
dx
1 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) –4
3 5
d
17.
dx
{(x x )x } =
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

(A) (xx)x {x(1 + logx)} (B) (xx)x .x(1 – 2logx) (C) (xx)x (1 + 2logx)x (D) (xx)x .x2(1 – 2logx)

4.11 PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION

dy dy / dq
If y = f(q) & x = g(q) where q is a parameter, then = .
dx dx / dq

Examples
dy p
Example 17: If y = a cos t and x = a(t – sint) find the value of at t =
dx 2
dy -a sin t dy
Solution : = Þ = -1 Ans.
dx a(1 - cos t) dx t=
p
2
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1+t y = 3 + 2
Example 18: Prove that the function represented parametrically by the equations. x = ;
t3 2t 2 t
dy
satisfies the relationship : x(y’)3 = 1 + y’(where y’ = )
dx
1+ t 1 1
Solution : Here x = = 3 + 2
t3 t t
Differentiating w.r. to t
dx 3 2
=- 4 - 3
dt t t
3 2
y= 2 +
2t t
Differentiating w.r. to t
dy 3 2
=- 3 - 2
dt t t

N
dy dy / dt
= = t = y'
dx dx / dt
1+ t 1+ y'
Since x = 3 Þ x = or x(y')3 = 1 + y' Ans.

E
t (y ')3

4.12 DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T. ANOTHER FUNCTION

L
dy dy / dx f '(x)
Let y= f (x) ; z = g (x) then = =
dz dz / dx g'(x)

L
4.13 DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION AND ITS INVERSE FUNCTION
If g is inverse of f, then
(a) g{f(x)} = x

A
g'{f(x)}f'(x)=1
(b) f{g(x)} = x
f '{g(x)}g'(x) = 1

Examples
Example 19: Differentiate loge (tan x) with respect to sin–1(ex).

d
(loge tan x)
d(loge tan x) dx
Solution : =
d(sin -1 (e x )) d
sin -1 (e x )
dx
cot x.sec2 x e- x 1 - e2x
= = Ans.
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

e x .1/ 1 - e2x sin x cos x

1
Example 20: If g is inverse of f and f'(x) = , then g'(x) equals :-
1 + xn
(A) 1 + xn (B) 1 + [f(x)]n (C) 1 + [g(x)]n (D) none of these
Solution : Since g is the inverse of f. Therefore
f(g(x)) = x for all x
d
Þ f(g(x)) = 1 for all x
dx
Þ f'(g(x)) g'(x) = 1
1
Þ g'(x) = = 1 + (g(x))n Ans. (C)
f '(g(x))
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4.14 HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES
Let a function y = ƒ (x) be defined on an interval (a, b). If ƒ (x) is differentiable function, then its derivative ƒ'(x)
[or (dy/dx) or y'] is called the first derivative of y w.r.t. x. If ƒ '(x) is again differentiable function on (a, b), then its
derivative ƒ "(x) [or d2y/dx2 or y"] is called second derivative of y w.r.t. x. Similarly, the 3 rd order derivative of y

d3 y d æ d2 y ö
w.r.to x, if it exists, is defined by = ç ÷ and denoted by ƒ '''(x) or y''' and so on.
dx3 dx çè dx2 ÷ø

dy dy / dq d2 y d æ dy ö dx
Note – If x = f(q) and y = g(q) where 'q' is a parameter then = & = ç ÷
dx dx / dq dx2 dq è dx ø dq

dny d æ d n -1y ö dx
In general =
dx n dq çè dx n -1 ÷ø dq

Examples

N
Example 21: If f(x) = x3 + x2 f'(1) + xf''(2) + f'''(3) for all x Î R. Then find f(x) independent of f'(1), f''(2) and
f'''(3).

E
Solution : Here, f(x) = x3 + x2 f'(1) + xf''(2) + f'''(3)
put f'(1) = a, f''(2) = b, f'''(3) = c .......(i)

L
\ 3
f(x) = x + ax + bx + c 2

Þ f'(x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b or f'(1) = 3 + 2a + b .......(ii)

Þ f''(x) = 6x + 2a or f''(2) = 12 + 2a .......(iii)

L
Þ f'''(x) = 6 or f'''(3) = 6 .......(iv)
from (i) and (iv), c = 6

A
from (i), (ii) and (iii) we have, a = –5, b = 2
\ f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 2x + 6 Ans.
d2 y
Example 22: If x = a (t + sin t) and y = a(1 – cos t), find .
dx2
Solution : Here x = a (t + sin t) and y = a (1–cos t)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get :

dx dy
= a(1 + cos t) and = a (sin t)
dt dt

t t
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

dy 2sin .cos
a sin t
\ = = 2 2 = tan æ t ö
çè ÷ø
dx (
a 1 + cos t ) t 2
2 cos 2
2

Again differentiating both sides, we get,

æ tö
æ t ö 1 dt 1 1 sec 2 ç ÷
d2 y 1 è 2ø
= sec2 çè ÷ø × × = sec2 ( t / 2) × = ×
dx2 2 2 dx 2 (
a 1 + cos t ) 2a æ tö
2 ç cos 2 ÷
è 2ø
d2 y 1 æ tö
Hence, = × sec 4 ç ÷ Ans.
dx 2
4a è 2ø

137
TIM BATCH
ALLEN
CHECK YOUR LEARNING-4
TOPICS COVERED : PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION, DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T.
ANOTHER FUNCTION, DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION AND ITS INVERSE FUNCTION, HIGHER
ORDER DERIVATIVES

dy p
1. Find at t = if y = cos4t & x = sin4t .
dx 4
2. Find the slope of the tangent at a point P(t) on the curve x = at 2 , y=2at.
3. Differentiate xlnx with respect to lnx.
4. If g is inverse of ƒ and ƒ (x) = 2x + sinx; then g’(x) equals:

3 1 1
(A) - x2 + (B) 2 + sin–1x (C) 2 + cos g(x) (D)
1 - x2 2 + cos(g(x))

N
2
5. If y = xex then find y''.
6. Find y" at x = p/4, if y = x tan x.

E
7. Prove that the function y= ex sin x satisfies the relationship y'' – 2y' + 2y = 0.

a + bx 3 / 2 dy a
8. If y = and vanishes at x = 5 then find .
x5 / 4 dx b

L
x4 + 4 dy
9. If y = then find
x - 2x + 2
2
dx 1

L
x=
2

2 dy
10. If f'(x) = 2x2 - 1 and y = f(x ) then find dx at x = 1.

A
dy
11. If x = a (cos t + log (tan t/2)), y = a sint then =
dx
(A) sin t (B) cot t (C) tan t (D) tan2 t

dy 3p
12. If x = a cos4t, y = b sin4t then at t = is
dx 4

-b b a -a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a a b b

dy p
13. If x = a (1 – cos q), y = a (q + sin q) then at q = is
dx 2
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 0 (D) –1/2
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

2
æ dy ö
14. 3
If x = cos q, y = sin q then3 1+ ç ÷ =
è dx ø
(A) tan2q (B) sec2q (C) secq (D) |secq|

POINTS TO REMEMBER

l If f(x) is differentiable at x = a & g(x) is not differentiable at x =a, then the product function F(x)=f(x).g(x) can
still be differentiable at x = a.
e.g. Consider f(x) = x & g(x) = |x|. f is differentiable at x = 0 & g is non-differentiable at x = 0, but f(x).g(x)
is still differentiable at x = 0.
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l If f(x) & g(x) both are not differentiable at x = a then the product function; F(x)=f(x).g(x) can still be
differentiable at x = a.
e.g. Consider f(x) = |x| & g(x) = –|x|. f & g are both non differentiable at x = 0, but f(x).g(x) still
differentiable at x = 0.
l If f(x) & g(x) both are non-differentiable at x=a then the sum function F(x)=f(x)+g(x) may be a differentiable
function.
e.g. f(x)=|x| & g(x)= –|x|. f & g are both non differentiable at x = 0, but (f+g)(x) still differentiable at x = 0.
l If f(x) is differentiable at x = a Þ
/ f'(x) is continuous at x = a.

é 2 1
x sin if x ¹ 0
e.g. f(x)= ê x
ê
êë0 if x = 0

l f(x) is continuous at x = a and g(x) is differentiable at x = a also g(a) = 0 than f(x) × g(x) is differentiable at x = a.

N
l f(x), g(x) are two differentiable function then |f(x)|, |g(x)|, max {f(x), g(x)} and min {f(x), g(x)} are continuous
but may or may not be differentiable.

E
EXAMPLES

L
dy 1 - y2
Example 1: If 1 - x + 1 - y = a(x - y) , then prove that
2 2 = -
dx 1 - x2
Solution : Put x = sina Þ a = sin–1(x)

L
y = sinb Þ –1
b = sin (y)
Þ cosa + cosb = a(sina – sinb)

A
æ a + bö æ a - bö æ a + bö æ a - bö
Þ 2cos ç cos ç = 2a cos ç sin ç
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø

æ a - bö
Þ cot ç =a
è 2 ÷ø

Þ a - b = 2 cot -1 (a)

Þ sin–1x – sin–1y = 2cot–1(a)

differentiating w.r.t. to x.

1 1 dy
- =0
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

1- x 2
1 - y dx2

dy 1 - y2
Þ = hence proved Ans.
dx 1 - x2
Example 2: Find second order derivative of y = sinx with respect to z = ex.

dy dy / dx cos x
Solution : = = x
dz dz / dx e

d2 y d æ cos x ö dx -e x sin x - cos xe x 1

Þ = ç ÷ . = . x
dz 2 dx è ex ø dz ( )
2
ex e

d2 y
=-
( sin x + cos x )
Þ Ans.
dz2 e2 x
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TIM BATCH
ALLEN
d2 y dy
Example 3: If y = (tan–1x)2 then prove that (1 + x2)2 +2x (1 + x2) =2
dx 2 dx

Solution : y = (tan–1x)2
Differentiating w.r.t. x

dy 2 tan -1 x
=
dx 1 + x2

dy
Þ (1 + x ) dx
2
= 2 tan -1
(x)

Again differentiating w.r.t. x

2
d y dy 2
(1 + x ) dx
2
+ 2x =
Þ
(1 + x )

N
2
dx 2

d2 y dy
(1 + x )

E
2
2
Þ 2
+ 2x(1 + x2 ) =2 Ans.
dx dx

L
1 + x2 - 1 1 + 1 + x2
Example 4: Obtain differential coefficient of tan–1 with respect to cos–1
x 2 1 + x2

L
–1 1 + x2 - 1 –1
1 + 1 + x2
Solution : Assume u = tan , v = cos

A
x 2 1 + x2

The function needs simplification before differentiation Let x = tanq

æ sec q - 1ö æ 1 - cos q ö æ qö q
\ u = tan–1 çè ÷ = tan–1 çè ÷ = tan–1 çè tan ÷ø =
tan q ø sin q ø 2 2

1 + sec q 1 + cos q æ qö q
v = cos–1 = cos–1 = cos–1 çè cos ÷ø = Þ u=v
2sec q 2 2 2

du
\ = 1. Ans.
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation\Theory.P65

dv

140
 Mathematics
ALLEN
ANSWERS

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-1

1. Continuous but not differentiable at x = 1 2. Non-differentiable at x = 2
3. Continuous & differentiable at x = 1 4. p = 3, q = 5
5. Continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 2 only 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (C)

1
11. a = , b = p - 13
6 4 6

12. (a) 1 & 2 (b) Not continuous at x = 1 & 2 and non differentiable at x = 1 & 2.
13. a ¹ 1, b = 0, p = 1/3, q = –1

N
14. Discountinuous at x = 2, non differentiable at x = 1, 3/2, 2

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-2

E
1 1
1. (a) ; (b) - 2. 3x2 + 12x + 11 3. 5e5x tan (x2 + 2) + 2xe5x sec2(x2 + 2)
x x2

L
1 ì-cosec 2 x, when cot x > 0 1
4. 5. í 2 6. 7. e x (log sin 2x + 2cot 2x).
x(1 - x) î cosec x,when cot x < 0 2

L
1 cos( sin x + cos x )
8. (cos x - sin x) 9. (B) 10. (C)
2 sin x + cos x

A
11. (A) 12. (A)

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-3

cos(x - y) - 1
1. xx (lnx + 1) 2. y(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3) 3. 2 4.
cos(x - y) + 1

æ 2x + ey ö é 2xy 2 - y - y 3 cos(xy) ù 3x 2 + 8y
5. y ' = - ç y ÷ , –1 6. ê 2 2 ú 7. - 8. (A)
è xe + 1 ø ë xy cos(xy) - x + y û 8x + 3y 2

9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (A)

13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (D)
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

17. (C)

CHECK YOUR LEARNING-4

1
1. –1 2. 3. 2(xlnx)(lnx) 4. D 5. y'' = 4y + 2xy'
t

6. p + 4 8. 5 9. 3 10. 2 11. (C)

12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (D)

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NCERT BASED QUESTIONS

Differentiate the following function w.r.t. x

1. 4x + x4 + 44 2. en loge x + e x loge n + en loge n

2
æ 1 ö e x + e- x
3. ç x+ ÷ 4.
è xø ex - e- x

a- x x sin x
5. 6.
a+ x 1 + cos x

e x + tan x
7. 8. ecosec(sin x)
cot x - x n

N
9. cosecn(xm) 10. sin(x ln x)
x+5 x +5
11. e –e 12. ln ln ln x

E
13. a loge log e x
14. loge(eax cos bx)

L
x
15. log ( x-a + x-b ) 16. y =
sin x + cos x

L
1 3 2
17. y = tan x - tan x + x 18. y = x sec x - tan x
3

A
x x +1
19. y = a cos 20. y = tan
3 2

lnx 1 - lnx
21. y = 22. y =
x n
1 + lnx

23. y = ln(x2 - 4x) 24. y = ln tan x

25. y = log2 [log3 (log5 x)] 26. y = ln tan 1 + x2

3 x+3
27. y = ln sin
x
28. y = x.10
4
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

x3 + 2 x cos x
29. y = 30. y =
e x
ex

x
1 - 10 x
31. y = 2 lnx 32. y =
1 + 10 x

2x - 3 x +1
33. y = 10 34. y = e
2 2
-b x
35. y = 3sin x 36. y = ae
2
37. y = Ae - k x sin(wx + a )

142
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38. Deduce the following formulae :
(a) (sinnx cosnx)' = n sinn–1x cos(n + 1)x
(b) (sinnx sinnx)' = n sinn–1x sin(n + 1)x
(c) (cosnx sinnx)' = n cosn–1x cos(n + 1)x
(d) (cosnx cosnx)' = –n cosn–1x sin(n + 1)x

Find the differential coefficient of the following function w.r.t. x

39. e x ( x + log e x ) 40. x . sinx . logex

x n
41. xn . logax . ex 42. e .cos x + x sin x

E N
L L
1. 4 x.loge 4 + 4x3
A ANSWERS
2. nxn -1 + n x loge n
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

1 -4
3. 1- 4.
x2 (e x - e- x )2

a x + sin x
5. - 6.
1 + cos x
( )
2
x a+ x

(cot x - xn )(e x + sec2 x) + (e x + tan x)( cosec 2 x + nx n -1 )

7.
(cot x - x n )2

8. ecosec(sin x) (–cosec (sin x) cot(sin x) . cosx 9. n cosecn–1(xm) (–cosec(xm)) . cot(xm) . mxm–1

143
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ALLEN
x+5 x +5
e e
10. (1 + logex) cos(x logex) 11. -
2 x+5 2 x

1 1 1
12. 13. a ln ln x .loge a. ´
( ln ( ln x ) ) (ln x ) .x loge x x

1
14. a – b tan(bx) 15.
2 (x - a) (x - b)

sin x + cos x + x(sin x - cos x)

16. 17. tan4x
1 + sin 2x

sin x a x
18. 2x 19. - sin
3 3 3

N
cos x

1 1 - nlnx
20. 21.
x +1 xn +1

E
2
2cos
2

2 2x - 4

L
22. – 23.
x(1 + lnx) 2
x2 - 4x

L
2 1
24. 25.
sin2x x log5 x log3 (log5 x)ln2ln3ln5

A
x+3
cot
sec2 1 + x2 x 4
´
( )
26. 27.
tan 1 + x 2 1 + x2 3 x+3
12 ln2 sin
4

2x (ln2 - 1) + 3x 2 - x 3
28. 10x (1 + x ln10) 29.
ex

x
sin x + cos x (lnx - 1)ln2
30. – 31. 2 l nx
ex ln2 x

2.10x ln10
32. - 33. 2.102x – 3 ln10
(1 + 10 x )2
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

x +1
e
34. 35. 3sin x cos x.ln3
2 x +1

2 2
-2ab2 xe- b x 2
36. 37. Ae -k x [w cos(wx + a ) - k 2 sin( wx + a )]

æ 1ö
39. e x ç 1 + ÷ + (x + loge x).e x 40. sin x + sin x.loge x + x.loge x.cos x
è xø

1
41. loga x.e x nx n -1 + x n .e x .loga e. + x n .log a x.e x 42. e x ( - sin x ) + cos x.e x + x n cos x + sin x.nx n -1
x
144
 Mathematics
ALLEN
EXERCISE-1
Single Correct Questions

ì -x , x<0
ï 2
1. If a function f(x) is defined as f(x) = í x , 0 £ x £ 1 , then -
ïx2 - x + 1 , x >1
î

(A) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and x = 1

(B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0
(D) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0 and x = 1

N
ì æ e1 / x - e -1 / x ö
ïx ç 1/ x ,x ¹ 0
2. If f ( x ) = í è e + e -1 / x ø÷ then at x = 0, f(x) is -
ï
î 0 ,x = 0

E
(A) differentiable (B) not differentiable (C) f'(0+) = –1 (D) f'(0–) = 1

L
3. Which one of the following functions is continuous everywhere in its domain but has atleast one point where it
is not differentiable ?

L
|x|
(A) f(x) = x1/3 (B) f(x) = (C) f(x) = e –x (D) f(x) = tan x
x

é x + {x} + x sin{x} for x¹0

A
4. If f(x) = ê where {x} denotes the fractional part function, then -
ë0 for x=0

(A) ‘f’ is continuous & differentiable at x = 0

(B) ‘f’ is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) ‘f’ is continuous & differentiable at x = 2
(D) none of these
5. Let f(x) = x3 and g(x) = |x|. Then at x = 0, the composite functions -
(A) gof is derivable but fog is not (B) fog is derivable but gof is not
(C) gof and fog both are derivable (D) neither gof nor fog is derivable
ì x -1
ïï 2x2 - 7x + 5 , x ¹ 1
6. If f ( x ) = í , then f '(1) equals -
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

ï -1
,x = 1
ïî 3

2 2
(A) (B) - (C) 0 (D) does not exist
9 9

7. The functions defined by f(x) = max {x2, (x - 1)2, 2x (1 - x)}, 0 £ x £ 1

(A) is differentiable for all x
(B) is differentiable for all x except at one point
(C) is differentiable for all x except at two points
(D) is not differentiable at more than two points.

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8. Let the function f, g and h be defined as follows -
ì æ 1ö
ï x sin çè ÷ø for - 1 £ x £ 1 and x ¹ 0
f(x) = í x ,
ï0 for x = 0
î
ì 2 æ 1ö
ï x sin çè ÷ø for - 1 £ x £ 1 and x ¹ 0
g(x) = í x
ï0 for x = 0
î
and h (x) = |x| 3
for –1 £ x £ 1
Which of these functions are differentiable at x = 0 ?
(A) f and g only (B) f and h only (C) g and h only (D) none of these
9. If f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) " x, y and f(5) = 2, f'(0) = 3 ; and function is differentiable then f'(5) is equal to-
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
10. If f is a real-valued differentiable function satisfying |f(x) – f(y)| £ (x – y) , x, y Î R and f(0) = 0, then f(1) equals

N
2

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) –1

sec x - tan x dy

E
11. If y = then equals -
sec x + tan x dx
(A) 2 sec x (sec x – tan x) (B) –2sec x (sec x – tan x)2

L
(C) 2 sec x (sec x + tan x)2 (D) –2 sec x (sec x + tan x)2

1 + x2 + x4 dy
12. If y = and = ax + b, then values of a & b are -

L
2 dx
1+ x + x
(A) a = 2 , b = 1 (B) a = –2 , b = 1 (C) a = 2 , b = –1 (D) a = –2 , b = –1
d
13. Which of the following could be the sketch graph of y =
dx
( xlnx ) ?

A
y y

1
(A) (B) x' x]
0 1
x' x
0
y' y'
y y

(C) x' x (D) x' x

0 1/e 0 e
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

y' y'
1 1 1
æ l + m ö n -l æ m + n ö l - m æ n + l ö m -n
14. Differential coefficient of ç x m - n ÷ .ç x n-l ÷ .ç x l -m ÷ w.r.t. x is -
çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) xlmn

1 1 1 dy np
15. If y = n-m p -m
+ m-n p -n
+ m-p n-p then at x = e m is equal to -
1+ x +x 1+ x +x 1+ x +x dx
mn / p np / m
(A) e mnp (B) e (C) e (D) none of these

146
 Mathematics
ALLEN
x ( xx )
16. Let f ( x ) = ( x x ) and g ( x ) = x then :
(A) f ¢ (1) = 1 and g ¢ (1) = 2 (B) f ¢ (1) = 2 and g ¢ (1) = 1
(C) f ¢ (1) = 1 and g ¢ (1) = 0 (D) f ¢ (1) = 1 and g ¢ (1) = 1
x dy
17. If y = then -
x dx
a+
x
b+
x
a + ......¥
b

a b a b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ab + 2ay ab + 2by ab + 2by ab + 2ay
dy
18. If y - y - y.....¥ = x + x + x.....¥ then is equal to
dx

N
y - x +1 y-x x + y +1 x - y +1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
y - x -1 y+x y-x y+x
dy

E
19. If y = a 3x +1 + a 3x +1 + a 3x +1 + ....¥ then dx is

a 3x +1 .log a 3.a 3x +1 .log a 3.a 3x +1 .log a a 3x +1 .log a

(A) (B) (C) (D)

L
(2y - 1) (2y - 1) (2y + 1) (2y + 1)

dy
20. If y = x + y + x + y + ....¥ then is equal to

L
dx
y2 + x y2 - x y2 - x y2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2y 3 - 2xy - 1 2y 3 - 2xy - 1 2y 3 - 2xy + 1 2y 3 - 2xy + 1

A
1 dy dx
21. If y = then + =
4
x 1+ y 1 + x4

x y
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
y x
1 1 dy
22. If x2 + y2 = t + and x4 + y4 = t2 + 2 then x3y =
t t dx
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 2
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

ANSWER KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D B A D C B C C C C
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. B C C B D D D A B B
Que. 21 22
Ans. A C
147
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EXERCISE-2

More than one correct

2
1. The function f(x) = (x2 – 1 ) x - 3x + 2 + cos(| x|) is NOT differentiable at :

(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

ì x.ln(cos x)
ï x¹0
2. If f(x) í ln(1 + x2 ) then -
ï0 x=0
î

(A) f is continuous at x = 0

N
(B) f is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f is differentiable at x = 0
(D) f is not continuous at x = 0

E
1
sin p[x]

L
3. Let [x] be the greatest integer function f(x) = 4 is -
[x]

L
(A) not continuous at any point (B) continuous at 3/2
(C) discontinuous at 2 (D) differentiable at 4/3

4. f(x) = 1 + [cosx] x in 0 < x £ p / 2 , where [ ] denotes greatest integer function then -

A
(A) it is continuous in 0 < x < p / 2 (B) it is differentiable in 0 < x < p / 2

(C) its maximum value is 2 (D) it is not differentiable in 0 < x < p / 2

4. Given that the derivative f ' (a) exists. Indicate which of the following statement (s) is/are always true -

f(h) - f(a) f(a) - f(a - h)

(A) f'(a) = Limit (B) f'(a) = Limit
h® a h-a h ®0 h

f(a + 2t) - f(a) f(a + 2t) - f(a + t)

(C) f'(a) = Limit (D) f'(a) = Limit
t ®0 t t ®0 2t

True / False
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

6. e–|x| is differentiable at x = 0.
7. If a function has a tangent at x = a then it must be differentiable at x = a
8. If f(x) and g(x) both are discontinuous at any point, then there composition may be differentiable at that
point.
Match the Column
Following questions contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with ONE statement in Column-II.

148
 Mathematics
ALLEN
9. Column - I Column - II
(A) The number of the values of x in (0, 2p), where the function (p) 2

tan x + cot x tan x - cot x

ƒ(x) = - is continuous but not differentiable is (q) 0
2 2

(B) The number of points where the function ƒ (x) = min{ 1, 1 + x3, x2 – 3x +3}
is non-derivable
(C) The number of points where ƒ (x) = (x + 4) 1/3 is non-differentiable is (r) 4

ì p æ x.2 ö p p
ï- ln çè ÷
ø
+ , 0<x£
(D) Consider ƒ(x) = í
ï 2 p 2 2
. Number of points in æ 3p ö , (s) 1
p 3p çè 0, 2 ÷ø
ïsin-1 sin x, <x<
ïî 2 2

N
where ƒ (x) is non-differentiable is

E
10. Column-I Column-II
3 2
(A) If f(x) = x + x + 1, then f'(x + 1) at (p) 1
x = 0 is

L
(B) If f(x) = log x2 (log x) , then f'(ee) is equal to (q) 0

L
æp xö
(C) For the function y = ln tan ç + ÷ (r) 28
è 4 2ø

A
dy
if = secx + p, then p is equal to
dx

(D) If f(x) = |x3 – x2 + x – 1| sin x, then (s) 4

4f'(28f(f(p))) is equal to

Comprehension – 1

Let 'f' be a function that is differentiable every where and that has the following properties :

1
(i) f(x) > 0 (ii) f'(0) = –1 (iii) f(–x) = & f(x + h) = f(x).f(h)
f(x)

f '(x)
ò f(x) dx = ln|f(x)| + c
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

A standard result :

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions

11. Range of f(x) is-

(A) R (B) R – {0} (C) R+ (D) (0, e)
12. The range of the function D = f(|x|) is -
(A) [0, 1] (B) [0, 1) (C) (0, 1] (D) none of these
13. The function y = f(x) is -
(A) odd (B) even (C) increasing (D) decreasing

149
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14. If h(x) = f'(x). then h(x) is given by -

1
(A) –f(x) (B) (C) f(x) (D) ef(x)
f(x)

Comprehension – 2
Limits that lead to the indeterminate forms 1¥, 00, ¥0 can sometimes be solved taking logarithm first and
ˆ
then using L' Hopital 's rule

g( x) lim g(x) lnf(x)

Let Lim(f(x))
x®a
is in the form of ¥0, it can be written as e x ® a = eL

lnf(x) ¥
where L = lim is ˆ
form and can be solved using L' Hopital 's rule.
x®a 1/ g(x) ¥

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions

N
15. Lim+ x1 /(1- x ) -
x ®1

(A) –1 (B) e–1 (C) –2 (D) e–2

E
Lim éë(lnx)1/ 2x + x1 / x ùû " n Î N -
n
16. x ®¥

L
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) e1/2 (D) e

17. Lim(sin x)2sin x

L
+
x®0

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) does not exist

More than one correct

Que.
A 1 2 3
ANSWER KEY

4 5
Ans. D AC BCD AB AB
CBSE-2021\Module\TIM\Other Centre\10th\Maths\4. Differentiability and Method of Differentiation.p65

True / False
6. False 7. False 8. True
Match the Column
9. (A) ® (r), (B) ® (p), (C) ® (s), (D) ® (q) 10. (A) ® (s); (B) ® (q); (C) ® (q); (D) ® (s)
Comprehension Based Questions
Comprehension – 1
11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A
Comprehension – 2
15. B 16. A 17. A
150