1

Energy Revision Mat

a c f
Describe what a system is. What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and speed? What is the equation linking change in thermal energy, mass, specific heat
capacity and temperature change?

b
Describe energy store changes for the following objects: Write the units for the following:
Write the units for the following:
kinetic energy:
change in thermal energy:
mass:
specific heat capacity:
speed:

List some examples of objects with kinetic energy stores.

Write a definition for specific heat capacity.

A football that has been kicked upwards.

d
What is the equation linking elastic potential energy, spring constant and
extension?

Define Power.
g

A squash ball hitting a wall. Write the units for the following:

elastic potential energy:

spring constant:
Write a definition for specific heat capacity.
extension:

List some examples of objects with elastic potential energy stores.

A car accelerating.

Write the units for the following:

e power:
What is the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass,
gravitational field strength and height? energy transferred:

A car decelerating. time:

work done:

Write the units for the following:

An LED bulb has a power rating of 8W, a halogen bulb has a power rating of
gravitational potential energy: 28W but they both have a similar brightness. What is the difference?
mass:
Bringing water to the boil. gravitational field strength:

height:
The power output of a hairdryer is 2000W. How much energy is transferred per
List some examples of objects that have gravitational potential energy stores. second?
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Energy Revision Mat
a e h
What is the law of conservation of energy? How is energy lost from a building? What factors affect this? List the main energy resources.

f
What is the equation linking efficiency, useful output energy transfer and total
input energy transfer?
i
Define renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
b
The following questions are about energy stores and transfers in a printer.
What is the equation linking efficiency, useful power output and total power input?

When energy is transferred in a closed system, what happens to the total j

For the energy resources that you have listed, write an R next to those that are
amount of energy? renewable and N next to those that are non-renewable.

Except for oil, all energy resources are used for electricity generation. Which are
How can the efficiency of an energy transfer be increased? used for heating?

The printer transfers energy from the chemical energy in the power station to the
moving parts of the printer. How is the energy transferred from the power station g
Which lorry is more energy efficient and why?
to the printer?

What is the final energy store? k

My main areas for improvement are:

Some of the energy to the printer is transferred to the surroundings. This energy is

wasted. How is the energy transferred to the surroundings?

What is the final energy store?

c l
For the following situations, suggest methods to reduce unwanted energy Energy Resource Enviromental Impact Reliability of Output
transfers and what the unwanted energy transfers are.
Hot water stored in a tank. Coal
Oil
Gas

Moving parts in a car. Nuclear

Biofuel
Wind
Hydroelectricity
d Geothermal
Describe how thermal conductivity of a material affects how it transfers energy by
conduction.
Tidal
Waves
Solar
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Energy Revision Mat Answers
a c f
Describe what a system is. What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and speed? What is the equation linking change in thermal energy, mass, specific heat
1 capacity and temperature change?
It is an object or group of objects. kinetic energy = 2 × mass × (speed)2
change in thermal energy
Write the units for the following: = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
b
Describe energy store changes for the following objects: kinetic energy: (Ek), joules, J
Write the units for the following:
mass: (m), kilograms, kg, grams, g
change in thermal energy: (ΔE), joules, J
speed: (v), metres per second, m/s specific heat capacity: (c), joules per kilogram per degree Celsius, J/kg oC

List some examples of objects with kinetic energy stores.

Write a definition for specific heat capacity.
(These are just a few examples. There will be many more.)
Toy car travelling down a ramp. The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a 1kg material
Parachute falling through the air. by 1oC.
Gas particles moving in the air.
A football that has been kicked upwards.
As the ball moves upwards, the kinetic energy store of the ball decreases and the d
What is the equation linking elastic potential energy, spring constant and
gravitational potential energy store of the ball increases.
extension?
elastic potential energy g
A squash ball hitting a wall. Define Power.
1
When the ball hits the wall, the kinetic energy store of the ball decreases = 2
x spring constant x (extension)2 The rate at which energy is transferred.
and the elastic potential energy store increases. Some of the energy is also Write the units for the following:
The rate at which work is done.
transferred to the surroundings. The thermal energy store of the surroundings elastic potential energy: (Ee), joules, J
increases and some of the energy is transferred by sound waves. spring constant: (k), newtons per metre, N/m What is the equation linking power, energy transferred and time?
extension: (e), metres, m power = energy transferred ÷ time
A car accelerating.
As the car moves, the chemical energy store of the petrol decreases and the kinetic
energy store of the car increases. Some of the energy is also transferred by sound List some examples of objects with elastic potential energy stores. What is the equation linking power, work done and time?
waves to the surroundings and the thermal energy store of the surroundings also (These are just a few examples. There will be many more.)
power = work done ÷ time
increases. Stretched elastic band.
Tennis ball that has been squashed. Write the units for the following:
A car decelerating. Extended spring.
As the car slows down, the kinetic energy store decreases and power: (P), watts, W
the thermal energy store of the surroundings and brakes increases. Some of the e energy transferred: (E), joules, J
What is the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass,
energy is also transferred by sound waves to the surroundings.
gravitational field strength and height? time: (t), seconds, s
gravitational potential energy
Bringing water to the boil. work done: (E), joules, J
= mass x gravitational field strength x height
Energy is transferred electrically from the chemical energy store in the power
station to the heating element in the kettle and the thermal energy store of the An LED bulb has a power rating of 8W, a halogen bulb has a power rating of
Write the units for the following:
water increases, which increases the kinetic energy stores of the particles that 28W but they both have a similar brightness. What is the difference?
gravitational potential energy: (Ep), joules, J
make up the water.
mass: (m), kilograms, kg The LED bulb transfers less energy per second than the halogen bulb.
gravitational field strength: (g), newtons per kilogram, N/kg
height: (h), metres, m The power output of a hairdryer is 2000W. How much energy is transferred per
second?
List some examples of objects that have gravitational potential energy stores. 2000 joules per second.
(These are just a few examples. There will be many more.)
Apple on a tree.
Plant pot on a windowsill.
Aeroplane in the sky.
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Energy Revision Mat Answers
What is the law of conservation of energy? a e h
How is energy lost from a building? What factors affect this? List the main energy resources.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transferred, stored or Energy is transferred to thermal energy stores of the surroundings. The Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) N Nuclear fuel N Biofuel R
dissipated. factors that affect this are the thermal conductivity of the walls and the
Wind R Hydroelectricity R Geothermal R
thickness of them.
Tidal R Waves R Sun R
Dissipation:
f
Energy being transferred to the surroundings. What is the equation linking efficiency, useful output energy transfer and total
input energy transfer?
i
Define renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
b efficiency = useful output energy ÷ total imput energy transfer
The following questions are about energy stores and transfers in a printer. A renewable energy resource can be replenished.

What is the equation linking efficiency, useful power output and total power input? A non-renewable energy resource will eventually run out.
efficiency = useful power output ÷ total power output

j
When energy is transferred in a closed system, what happens to the total For the energy resources that you have listed, write an R next to those that are
amount of energy? renewable and N next to those that are non-renewable.
Total energy does not change.
Except for oil, all energy resources are used for electricity generation. Which are
How can the efficiency of an energy transfer be increased? used for heating?
By increasing the useful output by reducing the wasted energy. geothermal, solar, fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas)

The printer transfers energy from the chemical energy in the power station to the g
Which lorry is more energy efficient and why?
moving parts of the printer. How is the energy transferred from the power station
to the printer? electrically
k
My main areas for improvement are:
What is the final energy store? kinetic

Some of the energy to the printer is transferred to the surroundings. This energy is
The red lorry is streamlined and so is more energy efficient . It wastes less
wasted. How is the energy transferred to the surroundings? by heating
energy due to air resistance and so has a higher useful output energy.
What is the final energy store? internal (thermal)

c l
For the following situations, suggest methods to reduce unwanted energy Energy Resource Enviromental Impact Reliability of Output
transfers and what the unwanted energy transfers are.
Hot water stored in a tank. Coal Produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas and sulphur dioxide which contributes to acid rain. Reliable.

Insulation around the water tank. Reduces dissipation of energy to the Oil Produces carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. If it is spilt there can be disastrous environmental consequences. Reliable.

surroundings into thermal energy stores. Gas Produces carbon dioxide. Reliable.

Nuclear Produces radioactive waste. Reliable.

Moving parts in a car.
Biofuel A lot of land is needed for growing the fuel. Reliable.
Lubricating the moving parts. Reduces dissipation of energy to the surroundings
Wind Can be noisy and the turbines are dangerous for birds. Unreliable.
into thermal energy stores.
Hydroelectricity Large areas of land are needed and can cause disruption to ecosystems. Reliable.

d Geothermal None. Reliable.

Describe how thermal conductivity of a material affects how it transfers energy by
conduction. Can affect habitats.
Tidal Not always reliable due to changing tides.

If a material has a high thermal conductivity, it will transfer heat via conduction Can affect habitats. Unreliable.
Waves
at a much quicker rate.
Solar None. Unreliable.