CHAPTER

17
NEET BIOLOGY
BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
TEST - 4
prACtiCe Questions
Respiratory Organs
1. The process of exchange of O2 from the atmosphere with CO2 produced by the cell is called
(a) Cellular respiration (b) Breathing
(c) Ventilation (d) Perfusion
2. The harmful gas produced by catabolic reaction in our body is
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Phosphine (d) Ozone
3. Oxygen (O2) is utilized by the organisms to __________ break down nutrient molecules like
glucose and to derive energy for performing various activities.
(a) Directly (b) Indirectly (c) Incompletely (d) Any of these
4. Mechanisms of breathing vary among different groups of animals depending mainly on their
________ and _________.
(a) Habitats (b) Levels of organization
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
Exchange of Gases
5. In which of the following, gaseous exchange between O2 and CO2 occurs through the entire
body surface?
(a) Sponges (b) Flatworms (c) Coelenterates (d) All of these
6. Select the total number of organism from the following which respire through their body surface.
Sycon, Spongilla, Admsia, Taenia, Laccifer, Pila, Antedon, Gorgonia, Jelly fish
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
7. In which of the following skin serves as an accessory organ of respiration?
(a) Rabbit (b) Frog (c) Lizards (d) Birds
8. Match the following:
Animals Respiratory Organs
A. Earthworms – 1. Lungs
B. Aquatic arthropods/Molluscs – 2. Tracheal tubes
C. Insects – 3. Gills
D. Birds/ Reptiles/Mammals – 4. Moist cuticle
E. Fishes
17.2 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

(a) A–2, B and C–3, D–2, E–1 (b) A–4, B and E–3, C–2, D–1
(c) A–4, B and D–3, D–1, E–2 (d) A–3, B and D–1, C–2, E–4
9. Amphibians, e.g., frogs respire through
(a) Moist skin (b) Lungs
(c) Buccopharyngeal cavity (d) All of these
10. The adult frog does not respire through
(a) Buccopharyngeal cavity (b) Gills
(c) Skin (d) Lungs
11. Which is the correct sequence of the air passage in man?
(a) Nasal cavity → pharynx → trachea → larynx → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
(b) Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
(c) Nasal cavity → larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
(d) Nasal cavity → larynx → bronchi → pharynx → trachea → bronchioles → alveoli
12. In mammals, voice is produced by
(a) Bronchus (b) Syrinx
(c) Larynx (d) Inhalation and exhalation
13. Vocal cords occur in
(a) Pharynx (b) Larynx
(c) Glottis (d) Bronchial tube
14. Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi at _________ the thoracic vertebra.
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9
15. Opening of larynx into pharynx is guarded by
(a) Syrinx (b) Epiglottis (c) Tracheal valves (d) All of these
16. Glottis is a passage for
(a) Food (b) air
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
17. Glottis is an opening in the floor of
(a) Mouth (b) Trachea (c) Pharynx (d) Diaphragm
18. The Lungs are protected with the help of?
(a) Ribs (b) Vertebral column
(c) Sternum (d) All of these
19. Which one has the smallest diameter?
(a) Right bronchus (b) Left bronchus
(c) Secondary bronchiole (d) Respiratory bronchiole
20. Lining of trachea is made of
(a) Simple squamous epithelium (b) Simple cuboidal epithelium
(c) Pseudostratified epithelium (d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
21. Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, irregular walled and ­vascularized
bag like structures called
(a) Alveoli (b) Respiratory bronchioles
(c) Pleura (d) Follicles
Breathing and Exchange of Gases17.3

22. Epiglottis is made up of

(a) Fibrous cartilage (b) Hyaline cartilage
(c) Elastic cartilage (d) Calcified cartilage
23. Covering of the lungs is called
(a) Perichondrium (b) Pleural membrane
(c) Pericardium (d) Peritoneum
24. Read the following statements:
A. It is double layered and covers the lungs.
B. Outer layer is in contact with thoracic wall.
C. Fluid is present between these layers.
D. Inner layer is in contact with the lungs.
The above features refer to
(a) Pericardium (b) Peritoneum
(c) Perichondrium (d) Pleura
25. The part starting with the external nostrils up to the terminal bronchioles constitute the
(a) Respiratory part of respiratory system (b) Exchange part of respiratory system
(c) Expiratory part (d) Conducting part of respiratory system
26. Respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system consists of
(a) All bronchi
(b) All bronchioles
(c) All bronchi and terminal bronchioles
(d) Alveoli and their ducts
27. Sites of gaseous exchange in lungs are
(a) Alveoli (b) Bronchi (c) Bronchioles (d) Pleura
28. Pleura is a double membrane sac which envelops
(a) Kidneys (b) Brain (c) Lungs (d) Nasal passage
29. Which of the following are functions of conducting part of the respiratory system?
(a) Removal of foreign particles from incoming air.
(b) Humidifies incoming air
(c) Bring the temperature of incoming air to body temperature.
(d) All the above
30. ___________ is the site of actual diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and atmospheric air.
(a) All bronchi
(b) All bronchioles
(c) All bronchi and terminal bronchioles
(d) Alveoli and their ducts
31. Even when air being absent, the human trachea does not collapse due to the presence of
(a) Bony rings (b) Turgid pressure
(c) Chitinous rings (d) Cartilaginous rings
32. The chambers formed dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by sternum, laterally by ribs
and on the lower side by dome-shaped diaphragm is
17.4 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

(a) Abdominal chamber (b) Cranial chamber

(c) Pelvic chamber (d) Thoracic chamber
33. Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) Pleural fluid reduces friction on the lung surface.
(b) The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the
thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is
essential for breathing, as we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume.
(c) The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported
by complete cartilaginous rings.
(d) During swallowing, the glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called
epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.
34. During inspiration
(a) Diaphragm and external intercostals muscle relax.
(b) Diaphragm and internal intercostals muscles relax.
(c) Diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract.
(d) Diaphragm and internal intercostals muscles contract .
35. During inspiration, the diaphragm
(a) Relaxes to become dome-shaped (b) Contracts and flattens
(c) Expands (d) Shows no change
36. Expiration involves
(a) Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
(b) Contraction of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
(c) Contraction of diaphragm muscles
(d) Contraction of intercostals muscles
37. Which two of the following changes (a to d) usually tend to occur in plain dwellers when they
move to higher altitudes (3500 m or more)
(i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production
(iii) Increase in breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count
(a) Both (iii) and (iv) (b) Both (i) and (iv)
(c) Both (iii) and (i) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)
38. In alveolar air, the partial pressure of CO2 is
(a) 40 mm Hg (b) 44 mm Hg
(c) 46 mm Hg (d) 42 mm Hg
39. Arrange the following steps of respiration properly:
1. Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich
alveolar air is released out.
2. Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane.
3. Transport of gases by the blood.
4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues.
5. Utilization of O2, by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2.
(a) 1,2,3,4,5 (b) 1,3,2,5,4
(c) 5,4,3,1,2 (d) 3,4,5,2,1
Breathing and Exchange of Gases17.5

40. Expiratory muscles contract at the time of

(a) Deep inspiration (b) Normal inspiration and expiration
(c) Forceful expiration (d) Muscular expansion of lungs
41. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Inspiration is an active process
(b) Inspiration is a passive process
(c) Expiration is an active process
(d) Both expiration and inspiration are passive processes
42. Gaseous exchange between blood and alveolar air across respiratory membrane occurs by
(a) Osmosis (b) Diffusion
(c) Active transport (d) Phagocytosis
43. On an average, a healthy human breathes how many times/minute
(a) 20 to 40 (b) 72 to 75 (c) 3 to 5 (d) 12 to 16
44. We can increase the strength of inspiration and expiration by the help of additional muscle in
(a) Abdomen (b) Neck (c) Pelvis (d) Head
45. Match the following:
1. Tidal volume – A. Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
volume and expiratory reserve volume.
2. Inspiratory reserve volume – B. Additional volume of air a person can
inspire by a forcible inspiration.
3. Expiratory reserve volume – C. Volume of air remaining in the lungs even
after a forcible expiration.
4. Residual volume – D. Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
volume.
5. Inspiratory reserve capacity – E. Volume of air inspirited or expired during
a normal respiration.
6. Vital capacity – F. Vital capacity + residual volume
7. Total lung capacity – G. Additional volume of air a person can
expire by a forcible expiration.
(a) 1–E, 2–C, 3–B, 4–G, 5–D, 6–A, 7–F
(b) 1–E, 2–G, 3–B, 4–C, 5–A, 6–D, 7–F
(c) 1–E, 2–C, 3–G, 4–B, 5–D, 6–A, 7–F
(d) 1–E, 2–B, 3–G, 4–C, 5–D, 6–A, 7–F
46. Match the following:
1. Tidal Volume – A. 2500-3000 ml of air
2. Inspiratory reserve volume – B. 1000-1100 ml of air
3. Expiratory reserve volume – C. 500 ml of air
4. Residual volume – D. 3500-4600 ml of air
5. Vital capacity – E. 1100-1200 ml of air
(a) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A, 5-E (b) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D
(c) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E, 5-B (d) 1-E, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D
47. Total lung capacity is equal to
(a) ERV + TV (b) IRV+ TV
(c) VC + RV (d) ERV + TV + IRV
17.6 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

48. Vital capacity is equal to

(a) ERV + TV (b) IRV+ TV
(c) VC + RV (d) ERV + TV + IRV
49. EC (expiratory capacity) is equal to
(a) ERV + TV (b) IRV+ TV
(c) VC + RV (d) ERV + TV + IRV
50. IC (Inspiratory capacity) is equal to
(a) ERV + TV (b) IRV+ TV
(c) VC + RV (d) ERV + TV + IRV
51. Arrange the following in the order of increasing volume
1. Tidal volume 2. Residual volume
3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Inspiratory reserve volume
(a) 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 (b) 1 < 4 < 3 < 2
(c) 1 < 3 < 2 < 4 (d) 1 < 4 < 2 < 3
52. The largest quantity of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort is
(a) Residual volume (b) Tidal volume
(c) Vital capacity (d) Total lung volume
53. The vital capacity of adult human lungs is equal to
(a) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.
(b) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
(c) ERV + TV + IRV
(d) All of these
54. Functional residual capacity can be represented as
(a) TV + ERV (b) ERV + RV
(c) RV + IRV (d) ERV + TV + IRV
55. The volume of air involved in breathing movements can be estimated by using a ________
which helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary functions
(a) Osmometer (b) Potometer
(c) Spirometer (d) Sphygmomanometer
56. A spirometer cannot be used to measure
(a) IC (b) RV (c) ERV (d) IRV
57. Inspiratory air in lungs ultimately reaches
(a) Trachea (b) Alveoli
(c) Bronchi (d) Bronchioles
58. Which is not true?
(a) pCO2 of deoxygenated blood is 95 mm Hg.
(b) pCO2 of alveolar air is 40 mm Hg.
(c) pO2 alveolar air is 104 mm Hg.
(d) pO2 of oxygenated blood is 95 mm Hg.
(e) pO2 of deoxygenated blood is 40 mm Hg.
Breathing and Exchange of Gases17.7

59. Which of the following factors affect the rate of diffusion of gases?
(a) Partial pressure/concentration gradient of diffusing gases
(b) Solubility of gases
(c) Thickness of diffusion membrane
(d) All the above
60. Lung alveoli of mammals have a thin wall composed of
(a) Simple cuboidal epithelium (b) Simple squamous epithelium
(c) Stratified cuboidal epithelium (d) Stratified squamous epithelium
61. The mode of respiration in rabbit is
(a) Cutaneous (b) Mucosal (c) Tracheal (d) Pulmonary
62. The respiratory diffusion membrane is majorly made of _______ layers
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
63. The solubility of CO2 is _______ times higher than that of O2.
(a) 10-15 (b) 20-25 (c) 30-35 times (d) 210 times
64. What is the value of [PO2 (in deoxygenated blood) minus PcO2 (in deoxygenated blood)]?
(a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 45 (d) 40
65. Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) Diffusion of O2 occurs from alveoli to tissue.
(b) Diffusion of CO2 occurs from tissue to alveoli.
(c) Amount of CO2 diffused through membrane is higher than that of O2.
(d) Partial pressure of O2 is higher in pulmonary artery than that of pulmonary vein.
66. The total thickness of respiratory diffusion membrane is
(a) Less than fm (b) Less than micrometer
(c) Much less than mm (d) Less than nm
67. Diffusion membrane is made up of
(a) Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli
(b) Endothelium of alveolar capillaries
(c) Basement membrane between the two layers
(d) All the above
68. Partial pressures (in mmHg) of O2 in atmospheric air, alveoli, deoxygenated blood,
oxygenated blood and tissues are
(a) 159,104,40,95,40 (b) 104,40,40,95,159
(c) 0.3,40,45,40,45 (d) 159,104,45,95,40
69. Partial pressure (in mmHg) of CO2 in atmospheric air, alveoli, deoxygenated blood,
oxygenated blood and tissues are
(a) 159,104,40,95,40 (b) 104,40,40,95,159
(c) 0.3,40,45,40,45 (d) 159,104,45,95,40
Transport of Gases
70. The total percentage of O2 transported by haemoglobin or RBC is
(a) 3% (b) 97% (c) 70% (d) 7%
17.8 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

71. Besides RBC blood plasma also carries O2 in dissolved state. The percentage is
(a) 3% (b) 97% (c) 70% (d) 7%
72. CO2 is transported
(a) By RBC (b) As bicarbonates
(c) In dissolved state through plasma (d) All of these
73. Blood entering the lung is rich in
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Urea (d) More RBCs
74. The majority of CO2 is transported as
(a) Carbonates (b) Bicarbonates
(c) Carbaminohaemoglobin (d) Dissolved state in blood
75. Oxygen is transported in blood mainly by
(a) Blood plasma (b) Leucocytes (c) Thrombocytes (d) Erythrocytes
76. Blood transport of CO2 occurs in three forms. The correct percentages of CO2 in these forms
are
As Carbaminohaemoglobin in RBC As bicarbonates Dissolved form in plasma
(a) 20-25 % 70% 7%
(b) 7% 20-25% 70%
(c) 20-25% 7% 70%
(d) 70% 20-25% 7%
77. Each molecule of haemoglobin can carry at the maximum of _______ molecules of O2.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
78. Under a given oxygen concentration in blood, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if
(a) pH of blood falls
(b) pH of blood rises
(c) CO2 concentration in blood falls
(d) Free fatty acid concentration in blood falls
79. The blood coming out of lungs is richer than that one entering into lungs in
(a) CO2 (b) O2 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
80. When partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) rises, the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin at
37°C will
(a) Shift towards right (b) Shift towards left
(c) Become irregular (d) Remains unchanged
81. Dissociation curve is connected with
(a) Myoglobin (b) CO
(c) O2 (d) Oxyhaemoglobin
82. A large proportion of oxygen is left unused in the human blood even after uptake by the body
tissue. This oxygen
(a) Is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at 96%
(b) Helps in releasing more oxygen to epithelial tissues.
(c) Acts as reserve during muscular exercise.
(d) Raise pCO2 of blood to 75 mm Hg.
Breathing and Exchange of Gases17.9

83. Oxygen dissociation curve is

(a) Parabola (b) Sigmoid (c) Hyperbola (d) Straight line
84. Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin can be affected by
(a) pCO2 (b) H+ conc (c) Temperature (d) All of these
85. The amount of O2 normally carried by 100 ml of pure blood is
(a) 10 ml (b) 20 ml (c) 5 ml (d) 4 ml
86. How much oxygen is delivered to tissue by 100 ml of oxygenated blood under normal
­physiological condition?
(a) 10 ml (b) 20 ml (c) 5 ml (d) 4 ml
87. How much carbon dioxide is delivered to alveoli by 100 ml of deoxygenated blood under
normal physiological condition?
(a) 10 ml (b) 20 ml (c) 5 ml (d) 4 ml
88. Oxygen binding to haemoglobin is
(a) Directly proportional to CO2 concentration
(b) Directly proportional to CO concentration
(c) Inversely proportional to CO2 concentration
(d) Independent of CO concentration
89. The most characteristic feature of haemoglobin is
(a) Its red colour
(b) Presence of iron
(c) Its ability to combine reversibly with oxygen
(d) Presence of basic protein globin
90. Factors at tissue level favours the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin
(a) Low pO2, low pCO2, high H+, low temperature
(b) High pO2, high pCO2, low H+, high temperature
(c) Low pO2, high pCO2, high H+, high temperature
(d) Low pO2, high pCO2, high H+, low temperature
91. CO2 dissociates from Carbaminohaemoglobin when
(a) Low PO2, low PCO2 (b) High PO2, high PCO2
(c) Low PO2, high PCO2 (d) High PO2, low PCO2
92. Dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin can be promoted by
(a) Low pCO2 (b) High pCO2
(c) Low body temperature (d) High blood pH
93. The enzyme essential for transport of CO2 as bicarbonate in blood is
(a) Carboxypeptidase (b) Succinic dehydrogenase
(c) Carbonic anhydrase (d) Thrombokinase
(e) Lactase
94. What is correct about human respiration?
(a) About 90 per cent of CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.
(b) Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre of pons can increase the duration of inspiration.
(c) Workers in grinding and stone breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis.
(d) Cigarette smoking leads to inflammation of bronchi.