Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck at Brgy. Tinagacan

General Santos City

A Thesis

Presented to the Civil Engineering Department

Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges

General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

CHRISTOPHER CALMA

November 2024

Chapter I
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

INTRODUCTION

A residential building serves as a dedicated space for individuals and families to live,

encompassing essential areas for daily activities such as sleeping, cooking, and leisure. Many

houses have traditional designs with rooms serving only one purpose, such as bedrooms,

kitchens, or living rooms. With more people working from home, studying, and spending time

indoors, there is a need for homes that can adapt to different activities. The challenge at hand is

to design a two-storey residential building by creating rooms that can serve multiple functions.

This design should be efficient, comfortable, and meet the needs of families, while following

local building codes.

The client, Mrs. Jelica Llego a teacher wants to build a two-storey residential house with

a roof deck with a floor area of 150 square meters with a total lot area of 5,813 square meter

located at Barangay Tinagacan General Santos City. The design should include rooms that can

change function depending on the family’s needs, such as work, study, or relaxation, while also

being comfortable for living and family gatherings. Ground floor consist of living room,

bedroom, kitchen room, dining room, comfort room and garage that can accommodate a car the

ground. On the second floor consist of office room, storage room, bedroom, multi-functional

room, and also her master bedroom, Both the master bedroom and multi-functional room can

access the balcony.

Objectives of the Study

This project aimed to propose a two storey 150 square meter Residential Building with

Roof deck in Barangay Tinagacan, General Santos City that conform with the Philippine Code

and Standards.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Specifically, it aimed to provide the following:

1. Engineering Plans and Drawings:

2. Structural Analysis; and

3. Estimated Cost.

Significant of the Study

This project aimed to provide necessary information with regards to the design, structural

analysis, and cost estimate of a proposed two-storey 150 square meter Residential Building with

Roof Deck.

In line with this, the designer believed that this project is of great value to the following:

Client. This study will give client the idea of the design, plans and estimated cost of two storey

apartment building with roof deck

Designer. This project helps the designer on how to manage structure plan to gain more ideas

and knowledge about structural analysis and design, and cost analysis of a two-storey apartment

with roof deck.

Future Designer. This study could benefit to the future designer or researcher as a guide for

designing and creating an architectural plan.

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this project is to provide the Engineering design plans and drawings,

structural design analysis and estimated cost of the two-storey 150 square meter residential

building located at Barangay Tinagacan, General Santos City.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Engineering Design plans and drawings are limited only to provide the following

architectural plans, structural plans, electrical plans and sanitary plans to conform with the

following code. Architectural plans are based on the National Building Code of The Philippines

(NBCP), Structural plans are limited for foundation plan, beam, slab, stairs, and column details

which are based on the National Building Code of The Philippines 2015 (NBCP), in addition,

Electrical plans are limited into the following: lightning layout and power layout are based on

Philippine Electrical Code (PEC 2017), Sanitary plans is limited only to plumbing layout which

is based on National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP).

Structural Design Analysis is limited only in design of structural members specifically on

the following: seismic analysis and design of slab which are based on the National Structural

Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015).

Estimated Cost is limited to provide only the total estimated cost and total unit cost of the

building which also includes the total labor cost of the project. Unit based primarily on the prices

were from Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and City Hardware, General

Santos City, Philippines, year 2024.

Definition of Terms

To have a better understanding to this study, the following terms are operationally defined.

Propose Two-Storey 150 square meter Residential Building with Roofdeck - This

project refers to a residential house designed to accommodate various activities and functions.

Mrs. Jelica Llego a teacher wants to build a two-storey residential house with a roof deck with a

floor area of 150 square meters with a total lot area of 5,813 square meter located at Barangay
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Tinagacan General Santos City. The design should include rooms that can change function

depending on the family’s needs, such as work, study, or relaxation, while also being

comfortable for living and family gatherings. Ground floor consist of living room, bedroom,

kitchen room, dining room, comfort room and garage that can accommodate a car the ground. On

the second floor consist of office room, storage room, bedroom, multi-functional room, and also

her master bedroom, Both the master bedroom and multi-functional room can access the

balcony.

.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

CHAPTER II
LITERETURE REVIEW

This chapter presented the different reviews of related studies and literature which are

found to support the foundation of the project.

The following codes were established as standards in the Philippines for structural

analysis and design of a project building, and they acted as a reference for the designer

throughout project analysis and conceptual design.

National Building Code of the Philippines

The P.D. 1096 or National Building Code of The Philippines or NBCP was signed by late

President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1977. It establishes the minimum standards and requirements

for the construction, occupancy, and maintenance of buildings and structures. Compliance with

the National Building Code (NBCP) is crucial for home and business owners to ensure the

safety, functionality, and legality of their properties.

SECTION 401. Types of Construction

(3) Type III – Type III buildings shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural

elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code: Provided, that the building shall be

one-hour fire-resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire-resistive

construction.

SECTION 704. Location on Property General

According to chapter 7, Section 704 of PD 1096, No building shall be constructed unless

it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides. For this

Section, the center line of an adjoining street or alley shall be considered an adjacent property
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

line. Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear

property lines.

SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

As stated in Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings, the maximum height and

number of storeys of every building shall be dependent upon the character of occupancy and the

type of construction as determined by the Secretary considering population density, building

bulk, widths of streets and car parking requirements. The height shall be measured from the

highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface: Provided, that the height measured from the lowest

adjoining surface shall not exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00 meters: Except, that

towers, spires, and steeples, erected as part of a building and not used for habitation or storage

are limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or

may extend not to exceed 6.00 meters above the height limits for each occupancy group if of

combustible materials.

SECTION 708. Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings

As enumerated in Chapter 7, sec. 708,

a. Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy - The dwelling shall occupy not more

than ninety percent of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot, and subject

to the provisions on Easements of Light and View of the Civil Code of

Philippines, shall be at least 2 meters from

the property lines.

b. Sanitation - Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet

and adequate washing and drainage facilities.

c. Foundation - Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600

millimeters below the surface of the ground.

d. Stairs - Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200

millimeters and a minimum run of 200 millimeters.

e. Entrance and Exit - There shall be at least one entrance and another one for the

exit.

SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

(a) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of

Light and View, and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building

shall be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and

ventilation.

(b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been

duly approved.

(c) No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or

the relative area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this

Code, or to create an additional room, unless such additional room conforms to

the requirements of this Code.

(d) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard

would be less than that prescribed for such building.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less

than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for buildings of more than

onestorey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the

second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room

clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above stated rooms with natural

ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70 meters.

SECTION 806. Size and Dimension of Rooms

As enumerated in Chapter 8, sec. 806 of PD 1096,

a. Rooms for Human Habitations – 6.00 square meters with a least dimension of

2.00 meters;

b. Kitchens – 3.0 square meters with a least dimension of 1.50 meters; c. Bath and

toilet – 1.20 square meters with the least dimension of 0.90 meter.

SECTION 808. Window Openings

Rooms intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system, shall be

provided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of

the floor area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter.

However, toilet and bathrooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be provided with

windows or windows with an area not less than 1/20 of the floor area of such rooms, provided

that such opening shall not be less than 240 sq. millimeters. Such window or windows shall open

directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or open watercourse.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 811.Artificial Ventilation

As outlined in Chapter 8, Sec. 811 of PD 1096, rooms or spaces housing industrial or

heating equipment shall be provided with artificial means of ventilation to prevent excessive

accumulation of hot and/or polluted air. Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the

equipment shall be designed and constructed to meet the following minimum requirements in air

changes:

1. For rooms entirely above grade and used for office, clerical, or administrative

purposes, or as stores, sales rooms, restaurants, markets, factories, workshops, or

machinery rooms, not less than three changes of air per hour shall be provided.

2. For rooms entirely above grade and used as bakeries, hotel or restaurant kitchens,

laundries other than accessory to dwellings, and boiler rooms – not less than ten

changes of air per hour shall be provided.

3. For auditorium and other rooms used for assembly purposes, with seats or other

accommodations – not less than 0.30 cubic meter of air per minute shall be

supplied for each person.

4. For wards and dormitories of institutional buildings – not less than 0.45 cubic

meter of air per minute shall be supplied for each person accommodated.

5. For other rooms or spaces not specifically covered under this Section of the Code,

applicable provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code, shall be

followed.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Plumbing Code of the Philippines

SECTION 901. General Requirements

As per Section 901. General Requirements, all buildings hereafter erected, altered,

remodeled, relocated or repaired for human habitation shall be provided with adequate and

potable water supply, plumbing installation, and suitable wastewater treatment or disposal

system, storm water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise abatement device, and such other

measures required for the protection and promotion of health of persons occupying the premises

and others living nearby.

SECTION 902. Water Supply System

(a) Whenever available, the potable water requirements for a building used for human

habitation shall be supplied from existing municipal or city waterworks system.

(b) The quality of drinking water from meteoric, surface or underground sources shall

conform to the criteria set in the latest approved National Standards for Drinking

Water.

(c) The design, construction and operation of deep wells for the abstraction of

groundwater shall be subject to the provisions of the Water Code of the

Philippines.

(d) The design, construction and operation of independent waterworks systems

private housing subdivisions or industrial estates shall be governed by existing

laws relating to local waterworks system.

(e) The water piping installations inside buildings and premises shall conform to the

provisions of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.

SECTION 903. Wastewater Disposal System

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

(a) Sanitary sewage from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial

wastewater shall be discharged directly into the nearest street sanitary sewer main

of existing municipal or city sanitary sewerage system in accordance with the

criteria set by the Code on Sanitation and the National Pollution Control

Commission.

(b) All buildings located in areas where there are no available sanitary sewerage

system shall dispose their sewage “Imhoff” or septic tank and subsurface

absorption field.

(c) Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations inside buildings and premises shall

conform to the provisions of the National Plumbing Code.

SECTION 904. Storm Drainage System

(a) Rainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer system.

(b) Adequate provisions shall be made to the drain low areas in buildings and their

premises.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

National Structural Code of the Philippines

SECTION 1201. General Requirements

Buildings proposed for construction shall comply with all the regulations and specifications

herein set forth governing quality, characteristics and properties of materials, methods of design

and construction, type of occupancy and classification. All other matters relative to the structural

design of all buildings and other structures not provided for in this Chapter shall conform with

the provisions of the National Structural Code of Buildings, as adopted and promulgated by the

Board of Civil Engineering pursuant to Republic Act Number 544, as amended, otherwise

known as the “Civil Engineering Law”.

SECTION 1202. Excavation, Foundation, and Retaining Walls

(a) Subject to the provisions of Articles 684 to 686 of the Civil Code of the Philippines

on lateral and subjacent support, the design and quality of materials used structurally in

excavation, footings, and in foundations shall conform to accepted engineering practice.

(b) Excavation and Fills

(a) Excavation or fills for buildings or structures shall be so constructed or protected

that they do not endanger life or property.

(b) Whenever the depth of excavation for any construction is such that the lateral and

subjacent support of the adjoining property or existing structure thereon would be

affected in a manner that the stability or safety of the same is endangered, the

person undertaking or causing the excavation to be undertaken shall be

responsible for the expense of underpinning or extending the foundation or

footings of the aforementioned property or structure.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

(c) Excavation and other similar disturbances made on public property shall, unless

otherwise excluded by the Building Official, be restored immediately to its former

condition within 48 hours from the start of such excavation and disturbances by

whosoever caused such excavation or disturbance.

(c) Footings, Foundations, and Retaining Walls

(1) Footings and foundations shall be of the appropriate type, of adequate size,

and capacity in order to safely sustain the superimposed loads under seismic or any

condition of external forces that may affect the safety or stability of the structure. It shall

be the responsibility of the architect and/or engineer to adopt the type and design of the

same in accordance with the standards set forth by the Secretary.

(2) Whenever or wherever there exist in the site of the construction an abrupt

change in the ground levels or level of the foundation such that instability of the soil

could result, retaining walls shall be provided and such shall be of adequate design and

type of construction as prescribed by the Secretary.

SECTION 1205. Floor Construction

(a) Floors shall be of such materials and construction as specified under Chapter 5

Fire Zones and Fire-Resistive Standards and under Chapter 6 – Types of

Construction.

(b) All floors shall be so framed and secured into the framework and supporting walls

as to form an integral part of the whole building.

(c) The types of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and

girders from lateral buckling.

SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

(a) Roof Covering. Roof covering for all buildings shall be either fire-retardant or

ordinary depending upon the fire-resistive requirements of the particular type of

construction. The use of combustible roof insulation shall be permitted in all types

of construction provided it is covered with approved roof covering applied

directly thereto.

(b) Roof Trusses. All roofs shall be so framed and tied into the framework and

supporting walls so as to form an integral part of the whole building. Roof trusses

shall have all joints well fitted and shall have all tension members well tightened

before any load is placed in the truss. Diagonal and sway bracing shall be used to

brace all roof trusses. The allowable working stresses of materials in trusses shall

conform to this Code. Camber shall be provided to prevent sagging.

SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads

In conformity with Chapter 12, Sec. 1207 of PD 1096, The construction of stairs and

exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers,

and grandstands.

a. Stairs

The stairs shall ensure structural safety for ascent and descent,

even in cases of emergency.

Stairways serving an occupant of more than fifty (50) shall not

be less than 1.10 meters. Stairways serving an occupant load of fifty

(50) or less may be 900 millimeters wide. Private stairways serving an

occupant load of less than ten (10) may be 750 millimeters wide. Trim

and handrails shall not reduce the required width by more than 100
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

millimeters. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200

millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.

Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction

of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not

exceed 1.20 meters when the stairs have a straight run. Landings when

provided shall not be reduced in width by more than 100 millimeters by

a door when fully open.

Stairways shall have handrails on each side and every stairway

required to be more than 3.00 meters in width shall be provided with not

less than one intermediate handrail for each 3.00 meters of required

width. Intermediate handrails shall be spaced approximately equal

within the entire width of the stairway. Handrails shall be placed not less

than 800 millimeters nor more than 900 millimeters above the nosing of

treads, and ends of handrails shall be returned or shall terminate in

newel posts or safety terminals.

In Group A Occupancy and in private stairways in Group B

Occupancies, winders may be used if the required width of run is

provided at a point not more than 300 millimeters from the side of the

stairway where the treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of

run be less than 150 millimeters at any point.

b. Exits

Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit. In all

occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant load of

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

more than 10 shall not have less than two exits.

The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total occupant load served

divided by 165. Such width of exits shall be divided approximately equally among the separate

exits.

c. Doors

Exit door shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving

any hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load of 50 or more.

Double acting doors shall not be used as exits serving a tributary

occupant load of more than 100; nor shall they be used as a part of fire

assembly, nor equipped with panic hardware. A double acting door shall

be provided with a view panel of not less than 1,300 square centimeters.

Exit door shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special

knowledge or effort: Except, that this requirement shall not apply to exterior exit doors in a

group E or F Occupancy if there is a conspicuous, readily visible and durable sign on or adjacent

to the door, stating that the door is to remain unlocked during business hours. The locking device

must be of a type that will readily be distinguishable as locked.

Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a door not less

than 900 millimeters in width and not less than 2.00 meters in height. When installed in exit

doorways, exit doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that

the clear width of the exitway is not less than 700 millimeters. In computing the required exit

width, the net dimension of the exitway shall be used.

No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 1.20 meters in width.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Stairways

Under Chapter 12, Sec. 1207 of PD 1096, the stairs shall ensure structural safety for

ascent and descent, even in cases of emergency. It shall provide sufficient headroom and space

for the passage of furniture.

a. Width, stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less may be 900 millimeters wide.

Trim and handrails shall not reduce the required width by more than 100 millimeters.

b. Rise and run; the rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200 millimeters and

the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.

c. Landings, every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel

equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not exceed 1.20 meters when the stairs

has a straight run. Landings when provided shall not be reduced in width by more than 100

millimeters by a door when fully open.

d. Distance between Landings. There shall be no more than 3.60 meters vertical distance

between landings.

e. Handrails Stairways shall have handrails on each side and every stairway required to

be more than 3.00 meters in width shall be provided with not less than one intermediate handrail

for each 3.00 meters of required width. Intermediate handrails shall be spaced approximately

equal within the entire width of the stairway Handrails shall be placed not less than 800

millimeters nor more than 900 millimeters above the nosing of treads, and ends of handrails shall

be returned or shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 1301. Electrical Regulations

All electrical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this Code shall conform to

the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code, as adopted by the Board of Electrical

Engineering pursuant to Republic Act No. 184 otherwise known as the Electrical Engineering

Law.

National Structural Code of the Philippines (2015)

The National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015) is a Structural design

code that guides structural and civil engineers in designing and assessing buildings and other

structures. The provisions within this code are designed to ensure that structures can withstand

the forces of natural disasters and the loads of the structure (dead load, live load, earthquake

load, etc.) to protect the lives of occupants.

Design Requirement

As stated in Chapter 1 Sec. 104 of NSPC 2015, design shall be in accordance with

Strength Design, Load and Resistance factor Design and Allowable Strength Design

methods, as permitted by the applicable material chapters

Structural systems and members thereof shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to

limit deflections, lateral drifts and other deformations. The design shall also consider durability,

resistance to exposure to weather, crack control and other conditions that affects the performance

of the building.

Any system or method of construction to be used shall be based on rational analysis in

accordance with well-established principles of mechanics that take into account equilibrium,

general stability, geometric compatibility and both short term and long term material properties.

Specifications, Drawings and Calculations

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Under Chapter 1, Sec. 106, copies of design calculations, reports, plans, specifications

and inspection program for all constructions shall bear the signature and seal of the engineer-in-

record.

a. Design drawings. The drawing shall be drawn to scale on durable paper using

permanent ink and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location and nature of the work

proposed. The drawing shall show complete design with sizes, sections, relative locations and

connection details of various members.

Floor levels, column centers and offset shall be dimensioned.

b. Required Information. The design drawings shall contain, but shall not limited to the

general information and material specific information.

Basic Load Combination

According to Chapter 2, Sec. 203.3.1 of NSCP 2015, when strength design or load and

resistance factor design is used, structures and all portions thereof shall resist the most critical

effects from the following combination of factored loads:

1.4 (D + F) (203-1)

1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6 (L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or R) (203-2)

1.2D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) (203-3)

1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5 (Lr or R) (203-4)

1.2D + 1.0E + f1L (203-5)

0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H (203-6)

0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H (203-7)

Where allowable stress or allowable strength design is used, structures and all portions

thereof shall resist the most critical effects resulting from the following combination of loads:
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

D+F (203-8)

D+H+F+L+T (203-9)

D + H + F + (Lr or R) (203-10)

D + H + F + 0.75[L + T(Lr or R)] (203-11)

D + H + F + (0.6W or E/1.4) (203-12)

Seismic Load Combination

Under Chapter 2, Sec. 203 of this code, for both allowable stress design and strength

design for concrete, and load and resistance factor design, and allowable strength design for

steel, the special load combination for seismic design shall be used:

1.2D + f 1L+ 1.0 Em (203-19)

0.9D + 1.0 Em (203-20)

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Dead load
Stated in Chapter 2, Sec. 204, dead loads consists of the weight of all materials of

construction incorporated into the building or other structure, including but not limited to walls,

floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly

incorporated architectural and structural items.

Weight of Materials and Constructions

The actual weights of materials and constructions shall be used in determining dead loads

for purpose of design. In absence of definite information, it shall be permitted to use the

minimum values. See appendix C for Minimum Densities for Design Load from Materials

(kN/m²) and Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa).

Partition Loads

Floors in office buildings and other buildings where partition locations are subject to

change shall be designed to support, in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed

deadload equal to 1.0 kPa.

Table 1. Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials (kN/m3)

Material Density Material Density

Aluminum 26.7 Petroleum,benzine 7.2

Bituminous products Petroleum,gasoline 6.6

Asphaltum 12.7 Pitch 10.8

Graphite 21.2 Tar 11.8

Paraffin 8.8 Brass 82.6

Petroleum,crude 8.6 Bronze 86.7

Petroleum,refined 7.9 Cast-stone masonry 22.6

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Cement,Portland,loose 14.1 Clay,dry 9.9

Ceramic tile 23.6 Clay,damp 17.3

Clay and gravel, dry 15.7

Charcoal 1.9
Silt, moist, loose 12.3
Cinder fill 9.0
Silt,moist,packed 15.1
Cinders,dry,in bulk 7.1
Silt,flowing 17.0
Coal
Sand and gravel, dry, loose 15.7
Anthracite,piled 8.2
Sand and gravel, dry, packed 17.3
Bituminous,piled 7.4
Sand and gravel, wet 18.9
Lignite,piled 7.4 Earth, submerged

Peat,dry,piled 3.6 Clay 12.6

Concrete,plain Soil 11.0

Cinder 17.0 River mud 14.1

Expanded-slag aggregate 15.7 Sand or gravel 9.4

Sand or gravel and clay 10.2

Haydite, burned-clay aggregate 14.1
Glass 25.1
Slag 20.7
Gravel,dry 16.3
Stone 22.6
Gypsum,loose 11.0
Vermiculite and perlite aggregate,
Gypsum, wallboard 7.9
nonload-bearing 3/9-7.9
Ice 9.0
Other light aggregate,load bearing 11.0-
Iron
16.5
Cast 70.7
Concrete,reinforced
Wrought 75.4
Cinder 17.4
Lead 111.5
Slag 21.7
Lime
Stone,including gravel 23.6
Hydrated,loose 5.0
Copper 87.3
Hydrated,compacted 7.1
Cork,compressed 2.2
Masonry, ashlar stone
Earth, not submerged
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Granite 25.9 River, dry 16.7

Limestone,crystalline 25.9 Slag

Limestone, oolitic 21.2 Bank 11.0

Marble 27.2 Bank screenings 17.0

Sandstone 22.6 Machine 15.1

Masonry, brick Sand 8.2

Hard, low absorption 20.4 Slate 27.0

Medium, medium absorption 18.1 Steel, cold-drawn 77.3

Soft, high absorption 15.7 Stone, quarried, piled

Masonry, concrete (solid portion) Basalt, granite, gneiss 15.1

Lightweight units 16.5 Limestone,marble,quartz 14.9

Medium weight units 19.6 Sandstone 12.9

Normal weight units 21.2 Shale 14.5

Masonry grout 22.0 Greenstone,hornblende 16.8

Masonry, rubble stone Terracotta,architectural

Granite 24.0 Voids filled 18.9

Limestone, crystalline 23.1 Voids unfilled 11.3

Limestone, oolitic 21.7 Tin 72.1

Marble 24.5

Sandstone 21.5 Water

Mortar, cement or lime 20.4 Fresh 9.8

Particle board 7.1

Plywood 5.7 Sea 10.1

Riprap, not submerged

Limestone 13.0 Wood (See Chapter 6 for relative densities for

Sandstone 14.1 Philippine wood)

Sand Zinc, rolled sheet 70.5

Clean and dry 14.1

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 2. Minimum Design Dead Loads (kPa)

Component Load Component Load Component Load

CEILINGS FLOOR FILL FRAME WALLS

Acoustical fiber board 0.05 Cinder concrete, per mm 0.017 Exterior stud walls:
Gypsum board (per mm Lightweight concrete, per 0.015 50x100 @ 400mm, 15mm
thickness) 0.008 mm 0.015 gypsum, insulated, 10mm
Mechanical Duct allowance 0.20 Sand, per mm 0.023 siding 0.53
Plaster on tile or concrete 0.24 Stone Concrete, per mm 50x150@ 400mm, 15mm
Plaster on wood lath 0.38 FLOOR AND FLOOR gypsum, insulated, 10mm
Suspended steel channel FINISHES siding 0.57
system 0.10 Asphalt block (50mm), 1.44 Exterior stud wall with brick
Suspended metal lath and 13mm mortar veneer 2.30
cement plaster 0.72 Cement finish (25mm) on 1.53 Windows, glass, frame and
Suspended metal lath and stone-concrete fill sash 0.38
gypsum plaster 0.48 Ceramic or quarry tile Clay brick wythes:
Wood furring suspension (20mm) on 13mm mortar 0.77 100mm 1.87
system 0.12 bed 200mm 3.74
COVERINGS, Roof and Wall Ceramic or quarry tile 300mm 5.51
Asphalt shingles 0.10 (20mm) on 25mm mortar 1.10 400mm 7.48
Cement tile 0.77 bed
Clay tile (for mortar add Concrete fill finish (per mm 0.023
0.48kPa) thickness) 0.19 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
Book tile, 50mm 0.57 Hardwood flooring, 22mm 0.05
Hollow Concrete Masonry Units
Book tile, 75mm 0.96 Linoleum or asphalt tile,
Unplastered. Add 0.24kPa for each face
Ludowici 0.48 6mm 1.58
Roman 0.57 Marble and mortar on stone- 0.028 plastered
Spanish 0.91 concrete fill
Grout Wythe thickness (mm)
Composition: Slate (per mm thickness) 1.10
Spacing 100 150 200
Three-ply ready roofing 0.05 Solid flat tile on 25-mm 0.14
Four-ply felt and gravel 0.26 mortar base
16.5-kN/m3 Density or Unit
Five-ply felt and gravel 0.29 Subflooring, 19mm 0.91
Copper or tin 0.05 Terrazzo (38mm) directly on No grout 1.05 1.15 1.48
Currogated asbestos-cement slab 1.53
800 1.40 1.53 2.01
roofing 0.19 Terrazzos (25mm) on stone-
Deck,metal 20 gage 0.12 concrete fill 1.53 600 1.50 1.64 2.20
Deck,metal 18 gage 0.14 Terrazzo (25mm) on 50mm
400 1.79 1.92 2.54
Fiberboard, 13mm 0.04 stone concrete 0.48
Gypsum sheathing, 13mm 0.10 Wood block (75mm) on Full 2.50 2.63 3.59
Insulation, roof boards (per mastic, no fill 0.77
19.6-kN/m3 Density or Unit
mm thickness) Wood block (75mm) on
Cellular glass 0.001 13mm mortar base 0.24 No grout 1.24 1.34 1.72
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Fibrous glass FRAME PARTITIONS

Fiberboard Movable partitions
800 1.59 1.72 2.25
Perlite Movable partitions (steel)
Polystyrene foam Wood or steel studs, 13mm 600 1.69 1.87 2.44
Urethane foam with skin gypsum board each side
Plywood (per mm thickness) Wood studs, 50x100, 400 1.98 2.11 2.82

Rigid insulation, 13 mm unplastered Full 2.69 2.82 3.88

Skylight, metal frame, 10mm Wood studs, 50x100,
wire glass plastered one side 21.2-kN/m3 Density or Unit

Slate, 5mm Wood studs, 50x100, No grout 1.39 1.44 1.87

Slate, 6mm plastered two sides
Waterproofing membranes: 800 1.74 1.82 2.39

Bituminous, gravel-covered 600 1.83 1.96 2.59

Bituminous, smooth
3 0.19 400 2.13 2.2 2.92
surface
0.002
Liquid, applied
1 0.38 Full 2.84 2.97 3.97
Single-ply, sheet
0.002
Wood sheathing (per mm
8 0.19
thickness)
0.001
Wood shingles
5 0.57
0.000
4 0.96
0.000
9
0.006
0
0.04

Live loads
As stated in Chapter 2, Sec. 205 of the NSCP 2016, Live Loads shall be the

maximum loads expected by the intended use or occupancy but in no case shall be less

than the loads required. Floor live loads shall be taken as the minimum live loads of

horizontal projection to be used in the design of buildings for the occupancies listed.

Special provisions shall be made for machine and apparatus loads.

Where uniform floor loads are involved, consideration may be limited to full dead

load on all spans in combination with full live load on adjacent spans and alternate spans.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

(a) Floor Live Loads. These loads shall be taken as the minimum live loads of

horizontal projection to be used in design of buildings for occupancies

listed. Special provisions shall be made for machines and apparatus loads.

(b) Distribution of Uniform Floor Loads. Where uniform floor loads are

involved, consideration may be limited to full dead load on all spans in

combination with full live load on adjacent and alternate spans.

(c) Concentrated Loads. Floors shall be designed to support safely the

uniformly distributed live loads or concentrated load given in Table 205-1.

(d) Special Loads. Provisions shall be made for the special vertical and lateral

loads shown in Table 205-2.

(e)
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 1. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads

Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load

Category Description kPa kN

Office use 2.4 9.0
1. Access floor systems
Computer use 4.8 9.0

2. Armories -- 7.2 0
Fixed Seats 2.9 0
Movable seats 4.8 0
3. Theaters, assembly
areas, and auditoriums Lobbies and platforms 4.8 0
Stage areas 7.2 0
4. Bowling alleys,
poolrooms, and similar -- 3.6 0
recreational areas
5. Catwalk for
-- 1.9 1.3
maintenance access
6. Cornices and marquees -- 3.6 0
7. Dining rooms and
-- 4.8 0
restaurants
8. Exit facilities -- 4.8 0
General storage and/or
4.8 --
repair
9. Parking Garages and Public parking and ramps 4.8 --
Ramps Private (residential) or
pleasure-type motor 2.4 --
vehicle storage
10. Hospitals Wards and rooms 1.9 4.5
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Laboratories and
2.9 4.5
operating rooms
Corridors above ground
3.8 4.5
floor
Reading rooms 2.9 4.5
Stack rooms 7.2 4.5
11. Libraries
Corridors above ground
3.8 4.5
floor
Light 6.0 9.0
Heavy 12.0 13.4
12. Manufacturing
Building corridors above
3.8 9.0
ground floor
Call centers and business
2.9 9.0
processing offices
13. Office Lobbies and ground floor
4.8 9.0
corridors
Other Offices 2.4 9.0
Press rooms 7.2 11.0
14. Printing Plants Composing and linotype
4.8 9.0
rooms
Basic floor area 1.9 0
Exterior balconies 2.9 0
15. Residential
Decks 1.9 0
Storage 1.9 0
Press rooms 7.2 11.0
16. Printing Plants Composing and linotype
4.8 9.0
rooms
Press rooms 7.2 11.0
17. Printing Plants Composing and linotype
4.8 9.0
rooms
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Basic floor area 1.9 0

Exterior balconies 2.9 0
18. Residential
Decks 1.9 0
Storage 1.9 0
Classrooms 1.9 4.5
Corridors above ground
19. Schools 3.8 4.5
floor
Ground floor corridors 4.8 4.5
20. Sidewalks and
Public access 12.0 --
driveways
Light 6.0 --
21. Storage
Heavy 12.0 --
Retail 4.8 4.5
22. Stores
Wholesale 6.0 13.4
23. Pedestrian bridges and
-- 4.8 --
walkways

Section 205.4. Roof Live Loads

Roofs shall be designed for the unit live loads, Lr. The live loads shall be assumed

to act vertically upon the area projected on a horizontal plane. (Sec. 205.4 of NSCP

2015). Where uniform roof loads are involved in the design of structural members

arranged to create continuity, consideration may be limited to full dead loads on all spans

in combination with full roof live loads on adjacent spans and on alternate spans.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 3. Minimum Roof Live Loads

Method 1 Method 2

Tributary Area (m2) Maximum

Rate of
ROOF SLOPE 0 to 20 20 to 60 Over 60 Uniform Reduction
Reduction,
Load (kPa) R
Uniform Load (kPa) r
(percentage)

1. Flat or rise less than 1-unit

vertical in 3-unit horizontal

1.00 0.75 0.60 1.00 0.08 40
(33% slope). Arch and dome

with rise less than 1/8 of span.

2. Rise 1-unit vertical to less

than 3-unit horizontal (33.3%

to less than 100% slope). Arch 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.75 0.06 25

and dome with rise 1/8 of

span to less than 3/8 of span

3. Rise 1-unit vertical in 1-unit

horizontal (100% slope) and

0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
greater. Arch or dome with

rise 3/8 of span or greater. No reduction required

4. Awnings except cloth covered 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

5. Greenhouses, lath houses and

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
agricultural buildings
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Other Minimum Loads

Under Chapter 2, Sec. 208 of NSCP 2015, buildings and other structures and

portions thereof shall be designed to resist all loads due to applicable fluid pressures,

lateral soil pressures,ponding loads and self-straining forces, shown in Section 206.7.

Impact Loads

In reference to Chapter 2, Sec. 206 of NSCP 2015, the live loads specified in section

205.3 shall be assumed to include allowance for ordinary impact conditions. Provisions

shall be made in the structural design for uses and loads that involve unusual vibration

and impact forces.

Interior Wall Loads

As per the standard of Chapter 2, Sec. 206 of NSCP 2015, Interior walls,

permanent partitions and temporary partitions that exceed 1.8 m in height shall be

designed to resist all loads to which they are subjected but not less than a load, L, of

0.25kPa, applied perpendicular to the walls.

Wind Loads

Chapter 2 Sec. 207 of NSCP 2015 stated that buildings and other vertical structures

shall be designed and constructed to resist wind loads as specified and presented in

Sections 207A through 207F.

Earthquake Loads

Under Chapter 2, Sec. 208 of NSCP 2015, the purpose of the succeeding

earthquake provisions is primarily to design seismic-resistant structures to safeguard

against major structural

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

damage that may lead to loss of life and property. These provisions are not intended to

assure zero-damage to structures nor maintain their functionality after a severe

earthquake.

a. Minimum Seismic Design. Structures and portions thereof shall, as a minimum,

be designed and constructed to resist the effects of seismic ground motions as provided in

this section

b. Basis for Design. The procedures and the limitations for the design of

structures shall be determined considering seismic zoning, site characteristics, occupancy,

configuration, structural system and height in accordance with this section. Structures

shall be designed with adequate

c. strength to withstand the lateral displacements induced by the Design Basis

Ground Motion, considering the inelastic response of the structure and the inherent

redundancy, over-strength and ductility of the lateral force-resisting system.

Footings

Chapter 3, Section 305 states that footings and foundations shall be constructed of

masonry, concrete or treated wood in conformance with Chapter 4, 6 and 7. Footings of

concrete and masonry shall be of solid material. Foundations supporting wood shall

extend at least 150 mm above the adjacent finish grade Footings shall have a minimum

depth as indicated in Table 305-1, unless another depth is warranted, as established by a

foundation investigation.

a. Footing Design. Except for special provisions of Section 307 covering the

design of piles, all portions of footings shall be designed in accordance with the structural

provisions of this code and shall be designed to minimize differential settlement when
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

necessary and the effects of expansive soils when present

b. Design Loads. Footings shall be designed for the most unfavorable load effects

due to combination of loads. The dead load is permitted to include the weight of

foundations, footings and overlying fill. Reduced live loads as permitted to be used in the

design of footings.

Foundation Construction Seismic Zone 4

As stated in Chapter 3, Sec. 308 of NSCP 2015, a structure is assigned to Seismic

Zone 4 in accordance with Section 208.4, individual spread footings founded on soil

defined in Section 208.4.3, as Soil profile Type S and Sy shall be interconnected by ties.

Ties shall be capable of carrying, in tension or compression, unless it is demonstrated that

equivalent restraint is provided by reinforced concrete beams within slabs on grade or

reinforced concrete slabs on grade.

Structural Concrete

Chapter 4, Sec. 401.2.2 of NSCP 2105 states that, for all the structural concrete

designs, it should conform to the minimum requirements for the design and construction

of structural concrete elements of any building or other structure under requirements of

NBCP. For structural concrete, fc, specified compressive strength of the concrete, shall

not be less than 17 MPa. No maximum value of f'c shall apply unless restricted by

specific code.

Structural System Requirements

As stated in Chapter 4, Sec. 404 of the said code, the standards of section shall

apply to design of structural concrete in structures or portions of structures. Design

properties of concrete shall be selected in accordance with section 419 and design
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

properties of reinforcement shall be selected in accordance with section 420.

(a) Design Loads. Loads and load combinations considered in design shall be

in accordance with Section 405.

(b) Structural System and Load Paths. The structural system shall include

structures such as floor and roof construction, both one-way and two- way

slab, beams and joist, column, wall, diaphragms, and foundations.

(c) Strength. Design strength of a member and its joints and connections, in

terms of moment, axial force, shear, torsion, and bearing shall be taken as

nominal strength multiplied by applicable strength reduction factor.

(d) Serviceability. Evaluation of performance at service load conditions shall

consider reactions, moments, torsions, shears, and axial forces induced by

pre stressing, creep, shrinkage, temperature change, axial deformation etc.

Loads

Conforming to the Chapter 4, Sec. 405, loads shall include self-weight, applied

loads, and effects of restressing, earthquakes, restraint of volume change, and differential

settlement.

(a) Load Factors and Combinations. Required strength U, shall be at least equal to

the effects of factored loads in Table D-1 of Appendix D, with exceptions and additions

in Section 405.3.3 through 405.3.12.

Structural Analysis

Under Chapter 4, Sec. 406, this section shall apply to methods of analysis,

modelling of members and structural systems, and calculation of load effects. Members
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

and structural systems shall be permitted to be modeled in accordance with Section 406.3

and all members and structural systems shall be analyzed for the maximum effects of

loads including the arrangements of live load in accordance with Section 406.4.

(a) Arrangement of Live Load. For two-way slab systems, factored moment

shall be calculated in accordance with Section 406.4.3.1, 406.4.3.2, or

406.3.3, and shall be at least the moments resulting from factored L

applied simultaneously to all panels.

(b) For two-way slab systems, factored moment shall be calculated in

accordance with Section 406.4.3.1, 406.4.3.2, or 406.3.3, and shall be at

least the moments resulting from factored L applied simultaneously to all

panels.

(c) If L is variable and does not exceed 0.75D, or the nature of L. is such that

all panels will be loaded simultaneously, it shall be permitted to assume

that maximum M u at all sections occurs with factored L. applied

simultaneously to all panels.

(d) M u due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table

406.5.2.

Chapter 4, Sec. 407 of NSCP 2015 contains the following standards and specifications:

(a) Factored Shear. For slabs built integrally with supports V u at the support shall be

permitted to be calculated at the face of support.

(b) Shear. V n shall be calculated in accordance with Section 422.5.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

(c) Minimum Shear Reinforcement. A minimum area of shear reinforcement, A v ,min

shall be provided in all regions where V u > V c . For precast prestressed hollow-

core slabs with untopped h > 315mm A v ,min shall be provided in all regions where

V u > 0.5⌀ V cw .

Minimum Slab Thickness

As stated in Sec. 408 of NSCP 2015, for non-prestressed slabs without interior beams

spanning between supports on all sides, having a maximum ratio of long-to-short span of

2, overall slab thickness h shall not be less than the limits in Table 408.3.1.1, and shall be

at least the value in (a) or (b), unless the calculated deflection limits of section 408.3.2

are satisfied.

a. Slabs without drop panels as given in Section 408.2.4 125 mm.

b. Slabs drop panels as given in Section 408.2.4 .100 mm.

Two-Way Slab

Sec. 408.3.1.2

This section shall apply to the design of non-prestressed and slabs reinforced for

flexure in two directions, with or without beams between supports, including Solid slabs,

Slabs cast on stay-in-place, non-composite steel deck, Composite slabs of concrete

elements constructed in separate placements but connected so that all elements resist

loads as a unit.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Beams

Sec. 409.1.1.

This section shall apply to the design of non-prestressed and prestressed beams,

including:

a. Composite beams of concrete elements constructed in separate placements but

connected so that all elements resists loads as a unit;

b. One-way joist system in accordance with Section 409.8;

c. Deep beams in accordance with Section 409.9.

Minimum Beam Depth

Sec. 409.3.1.1.

For non-prestressed beams not supporting or attached to partitions or other

construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall beam h shall satisfy the

limits in Table 409.3.1.1, unless the calculated deflection limits of Section 409.3.2 are

satisfied.

Sec. 409.7.6.2.2. Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement shall be in accordance

with Table 409.7.6.2.2.

Two-Way Slab

Sec. 408

This section shall apply to the design of non pre-stressed and slabs reinforced for

flexure in two directions, with or without beams between supports, including Solid slabs,

Slabs cast on stay-in-place, non-composite steel deck, Composite slabs of concrete

elements constructed in separate placements but connected so that all elements resist
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

loads as a unit.

Minimum Slab Thickness For non-pre-stressed slabs without interior beams spanning

between supports on all sides, having a maximum ratio of long-to-short span of 2, overall

slab thickness h shall not be less than the limits and shall be at least the value in (a) or

(b), unless the calculated deflection limits of Section 408.3.2 are satisfied:

a. Slabs without drop panels as given in Section 408.2.4 125 mm.

b. Slabs drop panels as given in Section 408.2.4 .100 mm.

Columns

For columns with a square, octagonal, or other shaped cross section, it shall be

permitted to base gross area considered, required reinforcement, and design strength on a

circular section with a diameter equal to the least lateral dimension of the actual shape.

Project Specification

Based on the review of codes, the following specifications have been established.

A. Regulations, Codes, And Standards The applicable provisions of the following

regulations, codes and standards shall form part of the design criteria: NSCP 2015, 7TH

Edition

Association of the Structural Engineers of the Philippines “National Structural

Code of the Philippines”.

B. Concrete

The minimum 28-day cylinder strength of concrete shall be as follows:

Foundation 21 MPa (3000 psi)

Column 21 MPa (3000 psi)

Beam 21 MPa (3000psi)

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Slab 21 MPa (3000 psi)

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

C. Steel Reinforcements

Reinforcing bars shall be deformed (conforming to ASTM-A615), weldable type,

Grade40 (40 ksi or fy 275.8 MPa) for all structure members.

D. Soil Bearing Pressure

The minimum allowable soil bearing pressure at footing level shall be less than

100 Kpa (2100psf)

E. Wind loads (IBC2012)

Wind NSCP 2015

Wind (V) = 290kpH

Wexposure= B (Typical Structure in Urban areas Category = IV

F. Seismic Parameter (UBC1997)

Zone IV

Seismic Source type = A

Soil Type = Sd

Importance Factor (I) = 1

R= 8.5 (Special Moment Frame)

Distance from the nearest existing source= 19.1 km

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 2. Minimum Requirements for Foundations

Number of Thickness of Width Thickness Depth Below
Floor foundation Wall of of Undisturbed
Supported (mm) Footing Footing Ground
by the Concrete Unit (mm) (mm) Surface
Foundation Masonry (mm)
1 150 150 300 150 300

2 200 200 375 175 450

3 250 250 450 200 600

Structural Analysis

Structural Analysis shall apply to methods of analysis, modelling of members and

structural systems, and calculation of load effects. Members and structural systems shall

be permitted to be modeled and all members and structural systems shall be analyzed for

the maximum effects of loads including the arrangements of live load.

a. Arrangement of Live Load - For two-way slab systems, factored moment shall

be calculated.

b. For two-way slab systems, factored moment shall be calculated.

c. If L is variable and does not exceed 0.75D, or the nature of L is such that all

panels will be loaded simultaneously, it shall be permitted to assume that

maximum Mu at all sections occurs with factored L applied simultaneously to all

panels.

d. Mu due to gravity loads shall be calculated.

Philippines Electrical Code

Branch Circuits Required

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Branch circuits for lighting and for appliances, including motor-operated

appliances, shall be provided to supply the loads. In addition, branch circuits shall be

provided for specific loads where required elsewhere in this Code and for dwelling unit

loads the minimum number of branch circuits shall be determined from the total

calculated load and the size or rating of the circuits used. In all installations, the number

of circuits shall be sufficient to supply the load served.

Permissible Loads

In no case shall the load exceed the branch-circuit ampere rating. An individual

brunch circuit shall be permitted to supply any load for which it is rated. A branch circuit

supplying two or more outlets or receptacles shall supply only the loads specified

according to its size.

A 15- und 20-Ampere Branch Circuits. A 15- or 20-ampere branch circuit shall be

permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment, or a combination of

both, and shall comply with 2.10.2.5 (a)(1) and (0)(2)

A 30-Ampere Branch Circuits. A 30-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to

supply fused lighting units with heavy-duty lamp holders in any occupancy other than a

dwelling unit(s) or utilization equipment in any occupancy. A rating of any one cord-and-

plug-connected utilization equipment shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch circuit

ampere rating. A 40-and 50-Ampere Branch Circuits.

A 40- or 50-ampere branch circuit shall be permitted to supply cooking appliances

that are fastened in place in any occupancy. In other than dwelling units, such circuits

shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavy duty lamp holders, infrared

heating units, or other utilization equipment.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Dwelling hut Receptacle outlets.

This section provides acquirements for 123-volt, 15- and 20-ampere reception

outlets. Receptacle wallets required by this section shall be in addition to any receptacle

that is part of a luminaire (lighting fixture) or appliance, indicated within cabinets

inboards, or located more than 1. 700 mm above the floor.

In every kitchen, family mom, dining room, living room, parlor, library, bedroom,

recreation room, or similar room or area of dwelling units, receptacle outlets shall be

installed in accordance with the general provisions.

Receptacle Outlets Served. In the kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining room, or

similar area of a dwelling it, the two or more 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits

shall serve all wall and floor receptacle inlet, all countertop outlets and receptacle orders

for refrigeration equipment.

In dwelling units, at least one receptacles outlet shall be installed in bathrooms

within 900 mm of the outside edge of each basin. The receptacle outlet shall be located

on a wall or partition that is adjacent to the basin or basin Countertop.

For a one-family dwelling, at least one receptacle outlet, in addition to any

provided for laundry equipment, shall be installed in each basement and in each attached

garage, and in each detached garage with electric power. Where a portion of the basement

is finished into one or more habitable rooms, each separate unfinished portion shall have

a receptacle outlet installed in accordance with this section.

In dwelling units, hallways of 3000 mm or more in length shall have at least one

receptacle outlet. As used in this subsection, the hall length shall be considered the length

along the centerline of the hall without passing through a doorway.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Lighting Outlets Required

At least one wall switch-controlled lighting outlet shall be installed in every

habitable room and bathroom. At least one wall switch-controlled lighting outlet shall be

installed in hallways, stairways, attached garages, and detached garages with electric

power.

For dwelling units, attached garages, and detached garages with electric power, at

least one wall switch-controlled lighting outlet shall be installed to provide illumination

on the exterior side of outdoor entrances or exits with grade level access. A vehicle door

in a garage shall not be considered as an outdoor entrance or exit.

Where one or more lighting outlet(s) installed for interior stairways, there shall be

a wall switch at each floor level, and landing level that includes an entryway, to control

the lighting outlet(s) where the stairway between floor levels has six risers or more.

Storage or Equipment Spaces. For attics, under floor spaces, utility rooms, and

basements, at least one lighting outlet containing a switch or controlled by a wall switch

shall be installed where these spaces are used for storage or contain equipment requiring

servicing. At least one point of control shall be at the usual point of entry to these spaces.

The lighting outlet shall be provided at or near the equipment requiring service.

Switch Connections

Three-way and four-way switches shall be wired so that all switching is done only

in the ungrounded circuit conductor. Switches or circuit breakers shall not disconnect the

grounded conductor of a circuit Switchboards and Panel boards.

All switchboards, panel boards, and distribution boards are installed for the

control of light and power circuits. In addition, switches, circuit breakers, and overcurrent
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

devices used on switchboards, panel boards, and distribution boards, and their enclosures

shall comply with this article and with the requirements. Switchboards and panel boards

in hazardous (classified) locations shall comply with the requirements.

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

SECTION 302. Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping

Under Chapter 3, Sec. 302 of NPCP, the horizontal drainage pipes shall be run in

practical alignments and at a uniform slope between manholes of not less than 20 mm/m

or 2% toward the point of disposal, provided that, where it is impracticable to obtain a

2% slope due to the following constraints in: (1) excessive depth of the proposed

drainage line; (2) structural and/or geological features of the terrain; and (3) existing

adverse in arrangements of building or structure; any such pipe or piping 102mm or

larger in diameter may have a slope of 10 mm/m or 1% provided it is first approved by

the Administrative Authority

SECTION 303. Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow

As stated in Chapter 3, sec. 303 of the NPCP, changes in direction of drainage

piping shall be made by the use of approved pipe fittings and shall be of the angles

presented by a 22 1/2° bend, 45° bend, 60° bend or other approved fittings of longer

sweeps. Horizontal drainage lines connecting to a vertical stack shall enter through 45° or

60° wye branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or other

approved fittings of longer sweeps.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 304. Connections to Plumbing System Required

Conforming to Chapter 3, sec. 304 (NPCP), all plumbing fixtures, drains,

appurtenances and appliances used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage, shall

be connected properly to the drainage systems of the building and premises, in

accordance with the requirements of this Code.

SECTION 305. Sewer Required

Per the standards of Chapter 3, Sec. 305 (NPCP), every building where plumbing

fixtures are installed shall have a sewer service connection to a public or private sewer

systems except as provided in Subsection 305.2 of this section. When a Public or Private

Sewer is not available for use, excreta drainage piping from buildings and premises shall

be connected to an approved Private Sewage Disposal System.

SECTION 308. Location

As required in Chapter 3, Sec. 308, except as otherwise provided in this Code, no

excreta plumbing system, storm drainage system, building drain, building sewer, private

sewage disposal system or parts thereof, shall be located in any lot other than the lot

where the site of the building, structure or premises are served by such facilities. No

subdivision, sale, or transfer of ownership of existing property shall be made in such a

manner that the area, clearance, and access requirements of this Code are decreased or

impaired.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 315. Hangers and Supports

SECTION 315.a. Vertical Piping

Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipes in

alignment and to carry ins weight and contents. Stacks shall be supported at their base as

Bell and Spigot and Hub less pipe shall be supported at every storey or closer, screwed

pipe or Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be apported at not less than every other storey thought,

copper tubing shall be supported at each storey or at maximum intervals of 3 meters on

center, lead pipe shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.20 meters at centers with

a rigid vertical back-up and Plastic Pipe shall be supported at every one (1) meter

interval.

SECTION 315.b. Horizontal Piping

Horizontal pipes shall be supported at sufficiently close intervals to keep them in

alignment and prevent sagging. IPS except as provided in other Sections of this Code,

shall the supported at approximately 3.0 meters intervals for piping 19 mm diameter and

smaller and 3.6 meters intervals for piping 25 mm and larger in diameter. Copper Tilting

shall be supported at approximately 1.8-meter intervals for piping 38 mm diameter and

smaller and 3.0 meters interval for piping 51 mm and larger in diameter. Lead Pipe shall

be supported by stiff metal or wooden hacking for its entire length with hangers properly

spaced. Piping buried in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except

where concrete cradle support is provided, which is adequate and approved by the

Administrative Authority. Plastic Tube shall be supported by still metal or wood backing

with hangers in its entire length for small size tuhings up to 38 min diameter and without

hackings but with spaced metal hangers at approved spacing fin larger-size tubing’s.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Plumbing Fixtures

Under Chapter 4, Sec. 401 of NPCP, plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of

dense, durable non-absorbent materials and must have smooth, impervious surface, free

from unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces. Except as permitted elsewhere in this

Code, all fixtures shall conform in quality and design to nationally recognized applicable

standards or to other approved standards acceptable to the Administrative Authority.

SECTION 403. Overflows

In Chapter 4, Sec. 403 of NPCP. when any fixture is provided with an overflow

outlet, the waste shall be so arranged that the standing water inside the fixture cannot rise

inside the overflow way when the stopper is closed nor remain inside the overflow way

when the fixture is empty. The overflow pipe from a fixture shall be connected to the

house or inlet side of the fixture trap. Water Closet or Urinal flush tanks shall discharge

into the bowls or wares served by them, but it shall be unlawful to connect such

overflows with any other part of the drainage system.

SECTION 409. Floor Drains and Shower Stalls

Based on Chapter 4, Sec. 409 of NPCP, floor drains shall be considered plumbing

fixtures and each drain shall be provided with an approved-type and hinged strainer plate

having the sum of the areas of the small holes of the strainer plate or gross waterway is

equivalent to the cross-sectional area of the tailpiece. Floor drains, floor receptors and

shower drains shall be of an approved type, the body provided with integrally-cast water-

stop outside flange around the body at mid depth and with an inside caulk outlet to

provide a watertight joint in the floor.

Shower receptors are plumbing fixtures and shall conform to the general
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

requirements. Each shower receptor shall be constructed of vitrified china or

earthenware, ceramic tile, porcelain-enameled metal or of such other material as may be

acceptable to the Administrative Authority.

Table 5. Minimum Plumbing Facilities

Bathtubs or
Water Closets Lavatories
Type of Building or Urinals (fixtures showers Drinking
(fixtures per (fixtures per
Occupancy per person) (fixtures per Fountain
person) person)
person)
Dwellings
Single Dwelling 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling
Multiple Dwelling or 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling 1 per dwelling
Department or apartment or apartment or apartment
unit unit unit

SECTION 603. Water Supply and Distribution

As per the standards set forth in chapter 6, Sec. 601 of NPCP, each plumbing

fixture shall be provided with an adequate supply of potable running water, so arranged

as to flush and keep same in dean and healthful conditions without danger of backflow or

cross-connection. Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by means of an approved

flush tank or flushometer valve. Faucets and diverters shall be connected to the hot and

cold water distribution supplies so that the hot water supply is located at Ieft side of the

combination fittings.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 609. Size of Potable Water Piping

In line with Chapter 6, sec. 609 of NPCP, the size of the water meter and the

immediate piping from the meter or from other source of unmetered water supply to the

risers, fixture supply branches, fixture connections, outlets or other uses shall be based on

the total water demand and shall be determined according to the methods and procedures

outlined in this section.

SECTION 703. Size of Drainage Piping

As stipulated in Chapter 7, Sec. 703 of NPCP, the minimum sizes of vertical

and/or horizontal drainage pipings shall he determined from the total of all fixture units

connected thereto, and additional, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in accordance

with their height or length.

SECTION 704. Fixture Connections (Excreta Drainage)

As stated in Section 704 of the NPCP, drainage piping shall be provided with

approved inlet fittings for fixture connections, correctly located according to the size and

type of fixture proposed to be connected. Two fixtures set back-to-back, or side-by-side,

within the distance allowed between a trap and its vent, may be served by a single

vertical drainage pipe, provided that each fixture wastes separately into an approved

double fitting, such as double sanitary tee or double wye and 1/8 bend having inlet

openings at the same level.

SECTION 705. Changes in Direction of Excreta Drainage Flow

Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of

approved fittings and shall be of the angles presented by a 22 1/2'' or 1/16 bend, 45° or

1/8 bend, and 60° or 1/6 bend or other approved fittings of equivalent sweeps.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

SECTION 706. Cleanouts

Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a clean out at its upper

terminal and each run of piping which is more than 15 meters in total developed length

shall be provided with a clean out and at every 15 meter length or a fraction thereof.

SECTION 708. Gravity Drainage Required

Where practicable, all plumbing fixtures shall be drained into the public sewer or

private sewage disposal system by gravity.

SECTION 901. Vents Required

Each plumbing fixture trap, except as otherwise provided in this Code,

shall be protected against siphonage and back-pressure. Air circulation shall be

assured throughout all parts of the excreta drainage system by means of vent pipes

installed in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter and as required in

this code.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 6. Location of Sewage Disposal System

Minimum Horizontal
Seepage pit or
Distance In clear required Building Sewer Septic Tank Disposal Field
cesspool
from:

1. Buildings or

structures .6m 1.5m 2.4m 2.4m

2. Property line

adjoining private

property Clear 1.5m 1.5m 2.4m

3. Water supply wells 15.2m 15.2m 30.5m 45.7m

4. Streams 15.2m 15.2m 15.2m 30.5m

5. Trees - 3m - 3m

6. Seepage pits or

cesspools - 1,5m 1.5m 3.7m

7. Disposal Field - 1.5m 1.2m 1.5m

8. On site domestic

water service line .3m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m

9. Distribution box - 1.5m 1.5m

10. Pressure public water

main 3m 3m 3m 3m
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Table 7. Capacity of Septic Tanks

Other Uses Minimum Septic Tank

Single Family Multiple Dwelling
Maximum Drainage Capacity in
Dwellings – Number Units or Apartments-
Fixture Units (DFU)
of Bedrooms One bedroom each Gallons (liters)
Served per Table 7-2

1 or 2 15 750 (2838)

3 20 1000 (3785)

4 2 units 25 1200 (4542)

3
33 1500 (5677.5)
4
5 or 6 45 2000 (7570)
5
55 2250 (8516.3)

6
60 2500 (9462.5)
7
70 2750 (10408.8)
8
80 3000 (11355)

9 90 3250 (12301.3)

10 100 3500 (13247.5)

Extra Bedroom, 567.8 liters each

Extra dwelling units over 10, 946.3 liters each
Extra fixture units over 100, 94.6 liters per fixture unit

Note: Septic tank sizes in this table include sludge storage capacity and the connection disposal
of domestic food waste units without further volume increase.
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC 2000)
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Electrical Layout

It is a floor plan showing location of equipment and devices, and their

interconnection wiring.

Power Plan

It is the layout and wiring plans for power on the floor plans drawn to scale, shall

show:

a. Sizes and location of service entrance conductors, raceways, metering equipment,

main switchboard, layout of feeders and distribution panels or switches and their

sizes, types and ratings;

b. Complete circuits of motors and other electrical equipment, their controlling

devices, their locations and ratings;

c. Complete wiring of emergency power system, if any;

d. Nature of processes/activities carried out in each room or area

Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets

It is the layout and wiring plans for general lighting and receptacle outlets

on floor plans drawn to scale, shall show:

a. Location, type and rating of lighting fixtures, indicating illumination in lux in

each room or area. In residences, hotels, apartment houses, and churches, the

illumination level in each room or area need not be shown nor computed

b. Location of switches for each fixture or group of fixtures;

c. Location of receptacle outlets and appliances to be served and their ratings

d. Complete circuits of the lighting and receptacle outlets

e. Complete wiring of emergency lighting system, if any;

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

f. A separate drawing showing layout of receptacle outlets may be made at the

discretion of the design engineer.

Voltages

Throughout this Code, the voltage considered shall be that at which the circuit

operates. The voltage rating of electrical equipment shall not be less than the nominal

voltage of a circuit to which it is connected.

Conductors

Conductors normally used to carry current shall be of copper unless

otherwise provided in this Code. Where the conductor material is not specified,

the material and the sizes given in this Code shall apply to copper conductors.

Where other materials are used, the size shall be changed accordingly.

Conductor Sizes

Conductor sizes are expressed in square millimetres (mm2) for stranded or in

millimetres diameter (mm dia.) for solid.

Insulation Integrity

Completed wiring installations shall be free from short circuits and from

grounds other than as required or permitted in Article 2.50.

Wiring Methods

Only wiring methods recognized as suitable are included in this Code. The

recognized methods of wiring shall be permitted to be installed in any type of

building or occupancy, except as otherwise provided in this Code.

Mounting

Electrical equipment shall be firmly secured to the surface on which it is

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

mounted. Wooden plugs driven into holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar

materials shall not be used.

Cooling

Electrical equipment that depends on the natural circulation of air and convection

principles for cooling of exposed surfaces shall be installed so that room airflow

over such surfaces is not prevented by walls or by adjacent installed equipment.

For equipment designed for floor mounting, clearance between top surfaces and

adjacent surfaces shall be provided to dissipate rising warm air.

Electrical equipment provided with ventilating openings shall be installed

so that walls or other obstructions do not prevent the free circulation of air

through the equipment.

Electrical Connections

Because of different characteristics of dissimilar metals, devices such as

pressure terminal or pressure splicing connectors and soldering lugs shall be

identified for the material of the conductor and shall be properly installed and

used. Conductors of dissimilar metals shall not be intermixed in a terminal or

splicing connector where physical contact occurs between dissimilar conductors

(such as copper and aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum

and copper-clad aluminum), unless the device is identified for the purpose and

conditions of use. Materials such as solder, fluxes, inhibitors, and compounds,

where employed, shall be suitable for the use and shall be of a type that will not

adversely affect the conductors, installation, or equipment.

Terminals
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Connection of conductors to terminal parts shall ensure a thoroughly good

connection without damaging the conductors and shall be made by means of

pressure connectors (including setscrew type), solder lugs, or splices to flexible

leads. Connection by means of wire-binding screws or studs and nuts that have

upturned lugs or the equivalent shall be permitted for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) or

smaller conductors. Terminals for more than one conductor and terminals used to

connect aluminum shall be so identified.

Splices

Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices identified for

the use or by brazing, welding, or soldering with a fusible metal or alloy. Soldered

splices shall first be spliced or joined so as to be mechanically and electrically

secure without solder and then be soldered. All splices and joints and the free

ends of conductors shall be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the

conductors or with an insulating device identified for the purpose. Wire

connectors or splicing means installed on conductors for direct burial shall be

listed for such use.

Temperature Limitations

The temperature rating associated with the ampacity of a conductor shall

be selected and coordinated so as not to exceed the lowest temperature rating of

any connected termination, conductor, or device. Conductors with temperature

ratings higher than specified for terminations shall be permitted to be used for

ampacity adjustment, correction, or both.

Flash Protection
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Switchboards, panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures,

and motor control centers that are in other than dwelling occupancies and are

likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while

energized shall be field marked to warn licensed electrical practitioner or

nonlicensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical

practitioner of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so

as to be clearly visible to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical

practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner before

examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Clear Space

Working space required by this section shall not be used for storage.

When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for inspection or servicing, the

working space, if in a passageway or general open space, shall be suitably

guarded.

Illumination

Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces about service equipment,

switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers installed indoors. Additional lighting

outlets shall not be required where the work space is illuminated by an adjacent light

source or as permitted by 2.10.3.21(a)(1), Exception No. 1, for switched receptacles. In

electrical equipment rooms, the illumination shall not be controlled by automatic means

only.

Dedicated Equipment Space

All switchboards, panelboards, distribution boards, and motor control

centers shall be located in dedicated spaces and protected from damage.

Live Parts Guarded Against Accidental Contact

Except as elsewhere required or permitted by this Code, live parts of

electrical equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against

accidental contact by approved enclosures or by any of the following means:

1. By location in a room, vault, or similar enclosure that is accessible

only to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical

practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

2. By suitable permanent, substantial partitions or screens arranged so

that only licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical

practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner

have access to the space within reach of the live parts. Any openings in

such partitions or screens shall be sized and located so that persons are

not likely to come into accidental contact with the live parts or to bring

conducting objects into contact with them.

3. By location on a suitable balcony, gallery, or platform elevated and

arranged so as to exclude unqualified persons.

4. By elevation of 2 400 mm or more above the floor or other working

surface.

Prevent Physical Damage

In locations where electric equipment is likely to be exposed to physical

damage, enclosures or guards shall be so arranged and of such strength as to

prevent such damage.

Warning Signs

Entrances to rooms and other guarded locations that contain exposed live

parts shall be marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified

persons to enter.

Fire Resistivity of Electrical Vaults

The walls, roof, floors, and doorways of vaults containing conductors and

equipment over 600 volts, nominal, shall be constructed of materials that have

adequate structural strength for the conditions, with a minimum fire rating of 3
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

hours. The floors of vaults in contact with the earth shall be of concrete that is not

less than 100 mm thick, but where the vault is constructed with a vacant space or

other stories below it, the floor shall have adequate structural strength for the load

imposed on it and a minimum fire resistance of 3 hours. For the purpose of this

section, studs and wallboards shall not be considered acceptable.

Overcurrent Protection

Motor-operated equipment shall be protected from overcurrent in

accordance with Parts 4.30.3, 4.30.4, and 4.30.5. Transformers shall be protected

from overcurrent in accordance with 4.50.1.3.

Device Terminals

All devices, excluding panelboards, provided with terminals for the

attachment of conductors and intended for connection to more than one side of the

circuit shall have terminals properly marked for identification, unless the

electrical connection of the terminal intended to be connected to the grounded

conductor is clearly evident.

Receptacles, Plugs, and Connectors

Receptacles, polarized attachment plugs, and cord connectors for plugs

and polarized plugs shall have the terminal intended for connection to the

grounded conductor identified as follows:

1. Identification shall be by a metal or metal coating that is substantially

white in color or by the word white or the letter W located adjacent to

the identified terminal.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

2. If the terminal is not visible, the conductor entrance hole for the

connection shall be colored white or marked with the word white or

the letter W.

Appliances

Appliances that have a single-pole switch or a single-pole overcurrent

device in the line or any line-connected screw shell lampholders, and that are to

be connected by (1) a permanent wiring method or (2) field-installed attachment

plugs and cords with three or more wires (including the equipment grounding

conductor), shall have means to identify the terminal for the grounded circuit

conductor (if any).

Rating

Branch circuits recognized by this article shall be rated in accordance with

the maximum permitted ampere rating or setting of the overcurrent device. The

rating for other than individual branch circuits shall be 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50

amperes. Where conductors of higher ampacity are used for any reason, the

ampere rating or setting of the specified overcurrent device shall determine the

circuit rating

Occupancy Limitation

In dwelling units and guest rooms or guest suites of hotels, motels, and

similar occupancies, the voltage shall not exceed 230 volts, nominal, between

conductors that supply the terminals of the following:

1. Luminaires (lighting fixtures)

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

2. Cord-and-plug-connected loads 1440 volt-amperes, nominal, or less or

less than ¼ hp

Dwelling Units

All 125-volt and/or 250 volts, single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles

installed in the locations specified in (1) through (8) shall have ground-fault

circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.

1. Bathrooms

2. Garages

3. Outdoors

4. Crawl Spaces

5. Unfinished Basements

6. Kitchens

7. Laundry, utility, and wet bar sinks

8. Boathouses

Permissible Loads

In no case shall the load exceed the branch-circuit ampere rating. An

individual branch circuit shall be permitted to supply any load for which it is

rated. A branch circuit supplying two or more outlets or receptacles shall supply

only the loads specified.

Cord Connections

A receptacle outlet shall be installed wherever flexible cords with

attachment plugs are used. Where flexible cords are permitted to be permanently

connected, receptacles shall be permitted to be omitted for such cords.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Appliance Outlets

Appliance receptacle outlets installed in a dwelling unit for specific

appliances, such as laundry equipment, shall be installed within 1 800 mm of the

intended location of the appliance.

Outdoor Outlets

For a one-family dwelling and each unit of a two-family dwelling that is at

grade level, at least one receptacle outlet accessible at grade level and not more than 2

000 mm above grade shall be installed at the front and back of the dwelling.

Laundry Areas

In dwelling units, at least one receptacle outlet shall be installed for the laundry.

Hallways

In dwelling units, hallways of 3 000 mm or more in length shall have at least one

receptacle outlet. As used in this subsection, the hall length shall be considered the length

along the centerline of the hall without passing through a doorway.

Heating and Air-Conditioning Load

The largest of the following six selections (load in kVA) shall be included:

1. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the air conditioning and cooling.

2. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heating when a heat pump is used

without any supplemental electric heating.

3. 100 percent of the nameplate ratings of electric thermal storage and other heating

systems where the usual load is expected to be continuous at the full nameplate

value. Systems qualifying under this selection shall not be calculated.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

4. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump compressor and 65

percent of the supplemental electric heating for central electric space heating

systems. If the heat pump compressor is prevented from operating at the same

time as the supplementary heat, it does not need to be added to the supplementary

heat for the total central space heating load.

5. 65 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if less than four

separately controlled units.

6. 40 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if four or more

separately controlled units.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

CHAPTER III
PROJECT DESIGN

This chapter presented and discussed the procedures the designer took to create the

engineering drawings, designs, structural analysis, and cost estimate for the proposed

two-story 150 square meter residential building with roof deck, which is where this

project will be located at Brgy, Tinagacan , General Santos City.

Description of the Project

The construction of proposed two-storey 150 square meter residential building with

roofdeck will be set within Brgy. Tinagacan, General Santos City, South Cotabato. This

two-storey 150 square meter residential building project aims to deliver a contemporary

home designed for comfort, functionality, and long-term sustainability.

Client Information

Mrs. Jelica Llego, a 29-year-old resident of Colon Maasim ,Sarangani Province, is

embarking on the construction of a two-storey residential building with roofdeck with a

floor area of 150 square meter in Barangay Tinagacan, General Santos City, on a 5,813

square meters property at Purok 14 , Barangay T inagacan General Santos City. The

client, Mrs. Jelica Llego wants a home that incorporates flexibility for various uses, such

as family gatherings and workspaces, while ensuring compliance with local building

regulations and codes.

Locale of the Study

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

The project will be located in Barangay Tinagacan General Santos City, where the

local government is working on improving infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy.

According to the 2020 census, Tinagacan has a population of 8,344, reflecting steady

growth and development within the City. The site is about 5,813 square meters in size

and it is near the national highway making it a safe and accessible place to build.

According to local government services, the soil type is classified as clay loam, with a

soil bearing capacity of 75 to 200 kPa. This makes the land suitable for constructing a

two-storey residential building.

Stage of the Project Design

Stage 1: Meeting with the Client and Interest Planning

1. The designer met with the client, Mrs. Jelica Llego, to thoroughly discuss the

details of her proposed project. The meeting was based on the specifications

outlined in the client's land title, as presented in the appendix. During the

discussion, the designer explained the relevant codes to be considered in the

architectural design, including the National Building Code of the Philippines, the

Philippine Electrical Code, and the National Structural Code of the Philippines

(2015).

Stage 2:

1. Drafting of Design Plan and Drawings

a. The designer drafts a floor plan design, elevation, cross-section, and

longitudinal section of the project to the adviser for assessment and

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

evaluation. Then it includes the electrical drawing plan and sanitary

drawing plan.

b. The plans and drawings approved by the adviser were presented and

evaluated to the client for his/her alterations and consent.

c. The revised plans and drawings will be presented to the client for the final

project.

2. Structural Analysis and Design

a. The designer will assume for all the structure members to be designed, and

then reflect in the tentative structure’s plans.

b. The dimension of the design was based on the National Structural Codes in

the Philippines.

c. Final Design of a structure’s members are to be presented to the final

Structural plans to be presented for the client.

3. Cost Estimate

a. Following the identification of the quantities and materials required, the

designer was given access to a pricing list from the DPWH cost reference to

calculate the average cost of a community. This allowed the designer to

calculate the overall cost of materials .

b. The designer will survey the Department of Public Works and Highways as

well as other engineering businesses in General Santos City to ascertain the amount of

work required to finish the project; this will offer labor cost information

c. the total cost of the project will be identified through items.

Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Structure of the Project Design

Designed Two-Storey Residential House with Roof deck

Procedure
Locale of the Study

Stage 1
Brgy,Tinagacan
Client’s Information and General Santos City
Preference

Cost Estimates

Presentation of the Final

Design Total Cost of the
Project

Figure 3.1

Schematic Diagram of the Project Design

Stage 2

Drawing of Design
Plans Structural Analysis
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Figure 3.1 shows the procedures followed by the designers in

making the structural design and analysis of a Two-Storey Residential

Building.
Proposed two -storey 150 square meter residential building with roofdeck

Figure 3.2 Ghantt Chart

3.2 Gantt Chart

The design process for the two-storey residential house with roofdeck is around

9 to 10 weeks, organized into distinct phases. It commences with a 3-day period

focused on gathering the client’s specifications, followed by a 2-week structural

analysis to verify adherence to building regulations. Over the next 3 weeks, the final

design plan is shaped, reflecting revisions and input from the client. Detailed

drawings, including architectural, structural, electrical, and sanitary plans, are then

completed in 2 weeks. In the final stage, cost estimates for both materials and labor are

meticulously prepared, also taking 2 weeks. This structured progression ensures the

design process is comprehensive and efficient, meeting both technical and regulatory

requirements within the established timeline.