SOLUTIONS (NUMERICALS)

Expressing Concentration
1 Calculate the mass percentage of benzene and CCl4 if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of
CCl4. Ans. 15.27%

2 Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions

a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 4.3 L of solution (At.mass of Co – 58.9) Ans. 0.023 M
b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL Ans. 0.03 M
3 Calculate the mass of urea required in making
a) 2.5 Kg of 0.25 m aqueous solution Ans. 36.94 g
b) 0.25 m aqueous solution using 2.5 Kg of water Ans. 37.5 g
4 Calculate the molality and mole fraction of solute in the following solutions
a) A sugar syrup of mass 214.2 g containing 34.2 g of sucrose Ans. m = 0.55 ; ꭓB =
0.009
b) 5 M aqueous solution of X (molar mass 100 g) with density 1.289 g/cc
Ans. m = 6.34; ꭓB = 0.102
5 A solution contains 25% water, 25% ethanol and 50% CH3COOH by mass. Calculate the mole
fraction of each component. Ans. ꭓH2O = 0.502; ꭓC2H5OH = 0.196 ; ꭓCH3COOH = 0.301

6 What is the molarity of pure water if its density is 1000 Kg/m3 Ans. 55.5 M

7 Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH in 450 mL solution. Ans. 0.278 M

8 Calculate the mole fraction of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in a solution containing 20% of C2H6O2
by mass Ans. 0.068
9 Concentrated HNO3 used in laboratory work is 68% HNO3 by mass in aqueous solution. What
should be the molarity of HNO3 if the density of the solution is 1.504 g/mL Ans. 16.22
Raoult’s Law
10 Benzene with b.p 353.1 K and toluene with b.p 383.6 K are the two hydrocarbons which form
ideal solutions. At 313 K, the vapour pressure of pure benzene and pure toluene are 21.2kPa and
8 kPa respectively. Assuming an ideal solution behavior, calculate the partial pressures of benzene
and toluene and the total pressure in bar under the following conditions. ( 1 bar = 100 kPa)
a) A solution made by mixing equal number of moles of benzene and toluene
Ans. pA= 0.106 bar, pB = 0.04 bar, p = 0.146 bar
b) A solution made by mixing 4 moles of toluene and 1 mole of benzene
Ans. pA = 0.0424 bar, pB = 0.064 bar, p = 0.1064 bar
c) A solution made by mixing equal masses of toluene and benzene
Ans. pA = 0.1147 bar, pB = 0.03672 bar, p = 0.15142 bar
Colligative Properties
1) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
11 The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non-volatile non
 electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g when added to 39 g of benzene vapour pressure of the solution is
reduced to 0.845 bar. What is the molar mass of the solid substance? Ans. 170 g
12 A solution containing 30 g of non volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure of
2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further when 18 g of water is added to this solution, the new vapour pressure
becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate
i) The molar mass of solute Ans. 34
ii) Vapour pressure of water at 298 K Ans. 3.4 kPa

2) Elevation of boiling point

13 18 g of glucose is dissolved in 1 Kg of water in a sauce pan. At what temperature will water boil
at 1.013 bar? Kb for water is 052 K Kg mol–1 Ans. 373.052 K
14 When 1.5 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point of
benzene is raised from 353.23 K to 353.93 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. Kb for
benzene is 2.52 K Kg mol–1 Ans. 60 g
15 The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.8 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90
g of benzene the boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. Kb for
benzene is 2.53 K Kg mol–1 Ans. 58 g
3) Depression of freezing point

16 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate the freezing point
depression and the freezing point of the solution. Kf for water is 1.86 K Kg mol–1
Ans. 2.2, 270.95 K
17 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K Kg mol–1. Find
the molar mass of the solute Ans. 256 g
o
18 A solution containing 8 g of substance in 100 g of diethyl ether boils at 36.86 C whereas pure
ether boils at 35.6oC. Determine the molar mass of the solute. Kf for ether is 2.02 Km–1
Ans. 128.3 g
19 Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose in 250 g of water. Kf for
water = 1.86 K Kg mol–1 Ans. 270.52 K

20 A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the freezing
point of 5% glucose in water. Freezing point of water is 273.15K Ans. 268.35 K
4) Osmotic pressure
21 A solution containing 13.5 g of urea per 500 mL of solution in water has same osmotic pressure
as a solution of sucrose in water. Calculate the mass of sucrose present in 500 mL of its solution.
Ans. 76.95 g
22 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure
of such a solution at 300 K is found to be 2.57 x 10–3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
Ans. 61,022 g
van’t Hoff factor
23 2 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to
 1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K Kg mol–1. What is the percentage
association of acid if it dimerises in solution. Ans. 99.2%
24 Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of CaCl2 to 200 g of
water assuming that CaCl2 is completely dissociated. Kb (H2O) = 0.512 K Kg mol–1. Molar mass
of CaCl2 = 111 Ans.0.69 K
25 Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.5 g MgBr2 in 200 g of water,
assuming complete dissociation of MgBr2. Molar mass of MgBr2 is 184 and Kf for water is 1.86 K
Kg mol–1 Ans. 271.41 K

26 A 0.01m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at – 0.068oC. Calculate the percentage of dissociation.
Kf (H2O) = 1.86 K Kg mol–1 Ans. 88.67%