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Cloud Computing: Module 1

What is cloud Computing ?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet ("the
cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Basics
Cloud computing emerged from the idea of remote computing without user
intervention. Computing evolved through centralized and distributed stages.
Centralized computing lacked user control, while distributed computing made
users administrators but was inefficient. As computing costs decreased and
management costs increased, cloud computing emerged. Proposed models
included a grid of interconnected computers and a computing utility. Google
and Amazon capitalized on their data centers, giving rise to cloud computing,
where resources are accessed remotely over the internet for various benefits.

History
1. 1960s - Big Idea: Back in the 1960s, a smart person named J.C.R.
Licklider dreamed of connecting everyone on Earth through a computer
network. This started the idea of sharing programs and data from
anywhere.

2. 1960s - Utility Computing: A computer scientist named John McCarthy

came up with the idea of "utility computing," where businesses could use
computing power like a service, similar to how we use electricity. It was
like paying for what you used.

3. 1990s - Internet Boom: As the internet became popular in the 1990s,

people realized they could use it to do more things. Companies like

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 Amazon started offering computing services over the internet.

4. 1999 - Salesforce Starts Cloud: In 1999, a company called Salesforce

introduced the idea of delivering business software through a website.
This was the beginning of cloud computing for businesses.

5. 2000s - Web 2.0: With the growth of the internet, new ways of using it,
called "Web 2.0," emerged. Amazon, not just a retailer, began building big
groups of computers (server farms) to provide services.

6. 2010s - Cloud Gets Bigger: Cloud computing became even more

popular. Big companies liked it because they could use a lot of computing
power without buying their own machines.

7. Now - Cloud Everywhere: Today, we use cloud computing all the time,
even if we don't realize it. We store files online, use apps that are really on
distant computers, and enjoy the benefits of lots of computers working
together.
Importance
1. Easy Access: Cloud computing lets you use programs and store files
online. This means you can reach your stuff from anywhere with an
internet connection, like your photos or documents.

2. No Need for Fancy Computers: You don't need to buy expensive

computers to do complicated tasks. Cloud services handle the hard work
on their powerful computers, and you just use them from your basic
device.

3. Lots of Space: Cloud gives you a lot of space to store things like photos,
videos, and documents. You won't run out of memory on your devices.

4. Flexible and Scalable: Cloud services can grow with you. If you need
more space or power, you can easily get it without changing your devices.

5. Cost Savings: You don't have to buy and maintain your own computer
servers. Instead, you rent space and power when you need it, which can
save money.

6. Global Sharing: You can share files and work on projects with others
easily, no matter where they are. It's like working on the same thing even
if you're far apart.

7. Backup and Safety: Cloud keeps your important stuff safe. Even if your
device breaks, your files are still safe in the cloud.

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 8. Faster and Better Services: Companies can provide better services
through the cloud. For example, if a lot of people want to use a website at
the same time, the cloud can handle it without crashing.

9. Environmentally Friendly: Cloud computing is greener. Companies can

use fewer computers, which saves energy and helps the environment.

10. Innovation: Cloud helps new ideas and technology grow quickly. People
can create and test new apps and services easily.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

1. Dynamic Computing Infrastructure: Cloud computing needs a special kind
of flexible infrastructure. This infrastructure is like a well-organized, secure
space for running computer tasks. It's like having a big, changeable computer
environment that can easily grow or shrink as needed.

2. IT Service-Centric Approach: Cloud computing focuses on providing useful

services to people and businesses. Instead of getting caught up in the
technical details, users just want to access specific services quickly. It's like
ordering food from a menu without worrying about how the kitchen works.

3. Self-Service Based Usage Model: With cloud computing, users have the
power to do things themselves. They can upload, manage, and use services
without needing constant help from experts. It's like being able to handle
everyday tasks on your own without asking someone else every time.

4. Minimally or Self-Managed Platform: Cloud providers use special tools to

manage their services without too much manual work. These tools help them
organize, control, and keep track of resources. It's like having smart tools that
take care of things automatically so people can focus on important tasks.

5. Consumption-Based Billing: Cloud services are like utilities. You pay for
what you use. Just like you pay for electricity or water based on how much
you consume, cloud services charge you based on how much you use. It's a
fair way to make sure you're only paying for what you actually use.

Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing

Pros of Cloud Computing
1. Cost Reduction: Cloud computing reduces expenses by eliminating the
need for physical servers and offering pay-as-you-go pricing.

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 2. Scalability: Easily adjust resources as your needs change, preventing
wastage and enabling growth.

3. Accessibility: Access data and services from anywhere with an internet

connection, fostering collaboration and remote work.

4. Efficiency: Shared resources and automation enhance efficiency, leading

to energy savings and streamlined operations.

5. Collaboration: Cloud services promote teamwork, enabling seamless

collaboration among dispersed teams.
Cons of Cloud Computing
1. Security Concerns: Storing data online poses security risks, although
efforts are made to enhance protection.

2. Internet Dependency: Access relies on a stable internet connection;

disruptions can hinder data retrieval.

3. Limited Customization: Some cloud services may not fully fit unique
business requirements, limiting customization options.

4. Service Availability: If the cloud service faces downtime, accessing data

and services becomes impossible temporarily.

5. Data Mobility and Ownership: Ensuring data retrieval and secure

deletion from cloud services can be complex.

6. Privacy: Concerns arise about the extent of data collection by cloud

providers and how they utilize that information.

Types of Cloud Computing

Public Cloud
•A public cloud is a computing infrastructure that is owned and operated by a
third-party cloud service provider. Public clouds are available to the general
public over the internet. Organizations can use public clouds to store data, run
applications, and develop new IT solutions.

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 Private Cloud
A private cloud is a computing infrastructure that is owned and operated by an
organization. Private clouds can be hosted on-premises or in the cloud.
Organizations use private clouds to gain more control over their IT
environment and to meet specific compliance requirements.

Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud is a combination of a public cloud and a private cloud.
Organizations use hybrid clouds to take advantage of the benefits of both
public and private clouds. For example, an organization might use a public
cloud for its development environment and a private cloud for its production
environment.

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 Community Cloud
A community cloud is a private cloud that is shared by a group of
organizations. Community clouds are typically owned and operated by a third-
party cloud service provider. Community clouds are a good option for
organizations that need to share resources and collaborate on projects

Difference Between Public cloud and Private Cloud

Feature Public Cloud Private Cloud

Deployment
Over the internet Within the organization's firewall
location

Cost Pay-per-use Capital expense up front

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 Elastic, can scale up or down Scalable, but not as elastic as
Scalability
quickly public cloud

Shared responsibility between Customer has full control over

Security
provider and customer security

Data may be shared with other Data is isolated from other

Privacy
customers customers

Can be slower than private Can be faster than public cloud

Performance
cloud due to network latency due to lower network latency

Less control over the More control over the

Control
infrastructure infrastructure

More flexible, can be used for Less flexible, designed for

Flexibility
a variety of workloads specific workloads

Cloud Computing Infrastructure

A cloud computing infrastructure refers to the foundational framework that
enables the delivery of cloud services. It encompasses the hardware, software,
networking components, and data storage facilities necessary for cloud
computing operations. This infrastructure allows users to access and utilize
various computing resources, such as virtual machines, storage, applications,
and databases, over the internet. Cloud computing infrastructure supports the
scalability, flexibility, and on-demand provisioning of resources, making it possible
for businesses and individuals to efficiently manage and utilize computing
services without the need for significant upfront investments in hardware and
maintenance.
Function:

Resources are stored in a cloud network.

Access software and information on-demand.

Resources are pulled from the cloud when needed.

Basic setup includes client and server machines.

Servers provide services, clients request them.

Benefits:

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 Eliminates individual data backups.

Enables efficient access to shared information.

Customizable for diverse business needs.

Setting Up Cloud Computing Infrastructure:

1. Choose Technology: Decide on foundational on-demand technology.

2. Access Strategy: Determine how employees will access information.

3. Infrastructure Setup: Prepare with necessary software and hardware.

4. Computer Setup: Configure each computer to access the infrastructure.

5. Integration: Integrate all aspects for seamless resource sharing.

Status of Cloud Computing in India

“Despite being a global outsourcing hub, India lags in cloud services due to certain
challenges. Some companies are still in the application and platform stage, not
investing much in infrastructure services due to reliability issues with network and
electricity. Tata Communications introduced India-based cloud computing solutions,
expanding their offerings to include pay-as-you-use and self-service IT application
services.”

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