1.

Abhraka Bhasma
2. Swarna Makshika Bhasma
3. Swarna Bhasma
4. Rajata Bhasma
5. Lauha Bhasma
6. Tamra Bhasma
7. Vanga Bhasma
8. Naga Bhasma
9.Yashada Bhasma
10.Kasisa Bhasma
11.Shuddha Shilajatu
12.Shuddha Gandhaka
13.Shuddha Gairika
14. Shuddha Kankshi
15. Mukta Pishti & Bhasma
16.Pravala Pishti & Bhasma
17.Vajra Bhasma
18.Kaparda Bhasma
19.Shankh Bhasma
20.Godanti Bhasma
21.Shuddha Tankana
3.Single drug(Bhasma, Shuddha & Pishti) • Single drug/ formulation and its
mode of action in different indications •Chemical/phytochemical composition •
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics as per formulation • Therapeutic
properties • Awasthanusara Uses(as applicable) • Matra • Anupana •
Pathyapathya • Sevana Kala • Kala maryada (duration of medication as
applicable) • Side effects of medication(as applicable) • Ashuddha apakwa,
avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya, • Research updates and
clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:
 1. Abhraka Bhasma
Analytical report of Abhraka Bhasma:
Quantitative Percentage%
Silica-Sio2 36.00
Alumina—Al2o3 27.6
Ferric Oxide-Fe2O2 12.8
Potash—k2o 13.17
Lime-Cao 5.0
Soda Na2o 3.0
Magnesia-Mgo 1.92
Chloride 0.1
Phosphate 0.01
Moisture 0.4

like that of nectar in other words promotes eternity

stimulates mental power
alleviates all sorts of disease conditions
aphrodisiac
immune modulator

Pharmacodynamics
It is madhura and kashya in Rasa, Sngdha and Guru in Guna Sheeta in virya
Pharmacokinetics :
pacifies vata and pitta and at the same time does not affect the kapha , Yogavahi,
ayuvardhaka, Dhatu vardhaka, Tridoshahara, Rasayana , vajikarana
Therapeutic properties:
Prameha, Kushta, Pliha vriddhi, Krimi, kshaya, pandu, Grahani, Sula, Ama,
Aruchi, Durjara Kasa, Mandagni, Udara vyadhi, Kamala, Jwara, Gulma, Arsas,
Hridroga, Apasmara, unmada etc
Matra : 1-2 Ratti two times a day

Awasthanusara Uses(as applicable)----Anupana :

Sno Indications Along with Anupana
1 Pradara- Swarana Gairika -2 Ratti Tandulodaka
Menorrahagia Guduchi satwa- 4 Ratti
2 Pitta Prakopa Swarna Gairika, Guduchi satwa Milk
and sugar / Pravala pishti and
Guduchi satwa
3 Pitta pradhana Swarna Gairika, Guduchi satwa, Honey
Prameha Pippali
4 Netra Dourbalya Triphala churna Honey
5 Swasa, Kasa, Pipplai churna Honey
Kamala,Kapha
vriddhi, pandu
Kshaya, visha vikara,
gulma
6 Sula , Ama, Kushta Trikatu, Vayu vidanga Water
7 20 types of Prameha Silajatu/ Piipali/ Haridra Honey
8 Kshaya Sitopaladi churna/ Swarna patra/ Honey
Chyawanaprasa
9 Dhatu vriddhi Amla murabba/lavanga churna Honey
Swarna patra/ rajata patra
10 Raktapitta Haritaki/ elachi Honey
11 Kshaya, pandu, arsas Trikatu, triphala, chaturjata Sugar/ honey
12 Prameha, Gokshura, Bhumyamalaki, Milk
Mutrakricchra Elachi with sugar
13 Jirna jwara Guduchi satwa, sugar/ pippali-
honey
14 Arsas Bhallataka nagavalli patra
juice
15 Vataroga Sunthi, pushkaramula, Bharngi, Honey
Aswagandha
16 Pittaroga Chaturjata Cows milk,
sugar
17 Kapharoga Kayaphala, Pippali honey
18 Sukra sthambhana Bhanga
 19 Dourbalya of rakta, Loha Bhasma, pippali Honey
Mamsa and other
dhatu
20 Sangrahani Dadima sharbat/ kutajadi avaleha
21 Kapha jwara ,Kasa Sringi Bhasma, Yashtimadhu, Honey
Sitopaladi churna, tid
22 Navina kapha kasa Sringi Bhasma, Lavangadi Water
churna

Pathyapathya:

Kshara , amla, Dwidala (pulses), Kola, karkati, Karavellaka, Vrintaka, Kareera,

tail are to be avoided while consuming Abhraka compounds.
Side effects of medication(as applicable) –
In general will not cause any side effects. But by consuming larger doses if
increased pulse (Tachypnoea), increase in blood pressure the medicine may be
discontinued till the patient become normal, and continued there after with
lesse dose along with mukta or pravala pishti.
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
If any untoward / adverse effects have been experienced during the Abhraka
and abhraka containing medicaments advise to take Amalaki concentarate/
paste dissolved in water for three days to nullify them.

|
—Rasajalanidhi
Further in Rasaprakasa Sudhakara -5/15

it is mentioned that not properly processed Bhasma if Consumed will prove

fatal by acting like poison, vajra (electrocution), infliction with sharp weapons
or like that of burn injuries
Research updates:
 2. Swarna Makshika Bhasma
Chemical composition of Makshika Bhasma:
Quantitative Percentage
Free sulphur 1.43—6.36
Sulphur 3.33
Calcium as ca 1.625
Potassium as K 0.370
Sulphate 3.0
Copper 17.2
Ferric oxide 25
Ferrous oxide 5.7
Iron 36-- 51.96
Phosphateas Po4 1.101
Silica 3.8
Acid insoluble material 11.93

Pharmacodynamics :
Swarna Makshika Bhasma is Madhura in rasa while Rajata makshika is Amla
in rasa both are associated with Kashaya rasa Laghu Guna, Katu in Vipaka sita
in Virya , rasayana and Vrishya ---karma
Pharmacokinetics :

—2/80
one will not be affected by old age, diseases and poisons. This alleviates all
diseases. It acts as a life force for mercury, in the sense that increases the
potency of mercury and is a good aphrodisiac. It is useful in uniting any two
metals that do not easily mix. It is best of all Rejuvenative drugs.
Therapeutic properties: Pandu, Sotha, Prameha, Jirna jwara, Rajayakshma,
Anidra, Apasmara, Rajahkrichra, Kushta, Arsas
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
 1 Sandrameha 7times / 21 times Bhavana -
along with salasaradigana
2 Rajayakshma Silajatu, abhraka Bhasma Honey +vidanga One month
churna
3 Mutrakrichra yavakshara
4 Sotha Punarnava, guduchi,
Sunthi and daruharidra
5 Vishama Atasi, karanja beeja
jwara churna
6 Kasa Pippali+ vibhitaki churna
7 Raktapitta Kajjali Madhu
8 Balya Vamsalochana 2 months
9 Garbhasya Pinda kharjur(dates)
srava

Matra : ½ Ratti – 2 Ratti ( 50—200mg)

Anupana : Triphala, Trikatu, Vidanga, Ghee and Honey
Pathyapathya:
Antidote to sideffects caused by Administration of improper swarna
Makshika Bhasma:
Decoction of horse gram or decoction of cortex of pomegranate fruit is given
to overcome the side effects caused by using ill prepared Swarna Makshika
bhasma.
Sevana Kala : Abhakta –for Rasayana
Research updates and clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/229211
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821252/
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/951
 3. Swarna Bhasma
Chemical composition
Gold as Au—96.76%, Silica—1.14%, Iron—0.14%, Copper traces, Magnesia
Traces, Phosphate—0.781%, Potash 0.161%, sodium chloride- 0.078%,
sulphate—0.15% and moisture 0.244%

—15/69

—5/9

—5/10
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa—Kashaya, tikta, Madhura
Guna—Snigdha
Virya—sita
Vipaka-- madhura
Pharmacokinetics :
Vrishya, Brimhana, Hridya, Kantiprada, Sramsana, Lekhana, Buddhi medha
Vardhaka, Vranahara, improves the clarity of speech
Therapeutic properties:
Grahani, Amlapitta, hikka, pandu, swasa, jwara, dhatu kshaya, rajayakshma,
apasmara, snayu dourbalya, hridroga, vata roga sarira varna hani, phiranga,
visha hara, unmada, swarabheda
Awasthanusara Uses :
 Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Burning Mastyapitta
sensation
2 Vrishya Bhringaraja
3 Balya Milk
4 Eye diseases Punarnava
5 Memory Vacha
enhancer
6 Lusture of Saffron
body
7 Kshaya Milk
8 Antidote Ativisha
9 Unmada Sunthi, Lavanga, maricha,
10 Amlapitta Amalaka churna

Matra : Starting from 1/8 Ratti upto ¼ th Ratti -- Rasatarangini

As per RasaRatna Samucchaya ---2 Ratti

Anupana : trikatu churna with ghrita

Pathyapathya :

14/25
except bilwa phala every thing else can be used.
Sevana Kala : Pragbhakta
Kala maryada (duration of medication as applicable) :
Side effects of medication(as applicable) : so far not noted if used in proper
way
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya;
Swarna Bhasma if not properly prepared will cause 1. Buddhi nasha 2. Bala
Nasa 3. Many roga
• Research updates and clinical evidences :
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157103/
https://aamjournal.in/fulltext/70-1428935346.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665104/
4.Rajata Bhasma
Chemical Analysis of Silver Bhasma :
Quantitative Percentage
Silver 52.59—59.39
Free sulphur 0.675
Iron as Fe2o3 14.33
Calcium as Ca 10.769
Silver chloride 4.79
Aluminium traces--
Acid insoluble 19.9
Ash value 89.941—99.94

Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa—Kashaya, amla
Virya—seta
Vipaka—Madhura
Guna—Snigdha, guru, sara

Pharmacokinetics :
Vata kapha dosha samaka, balya, Jatharagni pradipaka, vata nasaka, rasayana,
medha vardhaka
Therapeutic properties :
It alleviates the aggratvated vata from the intestines, sanchita pitta from the rasa
rakta dhatu, increased kapha in neck and above region, it is good for those who
have depleted intellect, those who are deluded with giddiness , it is a good
medicine those are engaged in teaching and learning .
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Vata aggravated in Ajawain+clove
intestines
2 Heart diseases& Elachi powder
indigestion
3 Headaches Sugar+ elachi
4 Insanity Sugar+ghee+cardamom
5 Glow and beauty in Vidanga+ bhallataka+ 1 month
women sunthi+ saffron
6 Kshaya & vrishya Satavari+ saliparni+ 1 month
atmagupta

Matra : ¼ th Ratti—1 Ratti ( 25 mg- 100 mg)

—3/42
Anupana : Godugdha, Navaneetha, Amalaki lehya, Triphala kwatha
Pathyapathya : -----
Sevana Kala : abhakta
Kala maryada : --
Side effects of medication (as applicable) :
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:

—5/31
Rajata Bhasma which not properly purified and incinerated causes
 1. Ayu nasha 2. Shukranasa 3. Bala hani 4. Santapa 5. Vit bandha
Research updates and clinical evidences :

5.Lauha Bhasma
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa—Tikta, Madhura, Kashaya
Guna—Guru, Ruksha, Sara
Veerya—sheeta
Vipaka-- Madhura
Pharmacokinetics:
Tridosha samaka, Lekhana, Balya, Vayasthapana, varnya, Medhya,
Chakshushya, Yogavahi, Rakta vardhaka, Koshta sodhaka, Vajikara, Veerya
vardhaka, Putrprada
Therapeutic properties :

—5/149
Sotha, sula, arsas, Bhagandara, Atisara, Pandu, Kamala, Krimi, Sosha, pleeha
roga, Medo roga, Kushta, Raktaja roga, Gulma, Udara, Hridroga, Swasa, kasa,
prameha, grahani, Jwara, Amavata, bhrama Pinasa, Vamana, Aruchi, Vadyatva,
sweta Pradara, Amla pitta.
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Haemorrhagic Chaturjataka
disorders +sugar
2 Five types of Vasa+ draksha+
cough pippali
3 Status Bharangi,
Asthmaticus trikatu
4 Kapha disease Kajjali Pippali+
honey
 5 Vata Sunthi powder
aggravation
6 Pitta diseases Rasa sindhura Sugar
7 Greying of Triphala 1 year
Hair churna
8 Vrishya Rasasindhura Betel leaf
9 Udara Sula Trikatu+ hing
10 Bhasmaka Triphala+
vidanga+
musta+
Apamarga
beeja
11 Rasayana Punarnava 1 month
12 Sarvanga & RasaBhasma
Ekanga vata
13 Skin disease Khadira sara+
Vijaya sara
14 Anaemia Haridra

Matra : ¼ th - 2 Ratti (32 mg – 250mg)

Anupana : triphala and madhu , Ksheera, Trikatu, Madhu, Ghrita

Pathya -Apathya :

3/229
Sevana Kala : Madhya bhakta, pragbhakta
Kala maryada :--
Side effects of medication :
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
 3/230
Agastya patra swarasa is grinded with vayuvidanga churna and given along with
Agastya patra swarasa. The patient is exposed to sunlight for long duration.
Rechana to be done with aragwadha phala majja.
Siddha sara churna to be given in case of untoward reactions, siddha sara churna
contains haritaki, saindhav, sunthi jiraka in equal proportions. Trivrit double to
the above triturated with lemon juice .
Dose is 1 Ratti and enhanced to 12 ratti

Research updates and clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:

6. Tamra Bhasma
Chemical/phytochemical composition:-----
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa – Tikta, Kashaya, Katu, Madhura
Guna—Ushna, Snigdha, Laghu
Veerya—ushna
Vipaka-- Madhura
Pharmacokinetics :
Kapha pitta samaka, lekhana, Ropaka, Netrya, Deepana, urdhwa and adhah
sodhaka, vishagna, Mrutyuhara
Therapeutic properties :

—5/46
abdominal pain, skin diseases caused by ama, work infestation. It expels the
impurities in both upward and down ward directions. It cures infected liver,
obesity, loss of appetite, piles, kshaya, aneamia, it is good for eyes and has
lekhana property.
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Paralysis Trikatu+ maricha
2 Coma 50mg of tamra Bhasma + Cold water
usira + naga kesara
3 Bhrama Duralabha decoction+
ghee
4 Splenomegaly Karanja beeja powder
5 Post partal Sankha Bhasma+ trikatu
diseases
6 Loss of appetite Jiraka+ varatika Bhasma Honey + 1 month
pippali
7 Hyperacidity Amalaka powder
8 Cough & Bharangi powder+
dyspnoea vibhitaki
9 Piles Nagakesara+ haritaki 1 month
10 Hiccup Powder Honey + lemon juice
of kantakari
phala+
makshika
Bhasma+
11 Hepatomegaly Triphala+ honey
12 Gulma Triphala+ ghee
13 Suryavarta Kantakari phala churna+
rajata Bhasma+
makshika bhasma

Matra : According to RRS—2 vall (6 Ratti- --750mg)

According to Rasatarangini 1/8 to ½ Ratti (16- 62mg)

5/68

—17/52
Anupana : as per disease condition by using different herbal juices or madhu
Pathyapathya : ---
Sevana Kala : adhobhakta
Kala maryada (duration of medication as applicable) :---
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:

brihat rasa raja sundara

If any untoward effects observed by the improper administration of improperly
processed tamra Bhasma any of the following measures can be followed
1. Munivrihi and Sitha sevana 2. Dhanyaka and sitha sevana
Research updates and clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:

7.Vanga Bhasma

—14/134
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa : tikta, amla, katu, Kashaya, kinchit lavana
Guna: laghu, sara, ruksha, ushna, tikshna
Veerya : ushna
Vipaka: katu
Pharmacokinetics :
Medohara, ruchikara, lekhana, vrushya, dhatu sthoulya kara, varnya,
chakshushya, Deepana, pachana, balya, krimigna, medhya, rasayana,
prajajanaka, ayushya, pushtikara, dahahara, vish hara, brumhana
Therapeutic properties :

14/134
cures the diseases of kapha and meda, worm infestation and urinary disorders
Awasthanusara Uses(as applicable) :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Diabetes Guduchi+ honey
2 Diabetes Silajtu+ honey 1 month
3 Pandu Cows ghee
4 Gulma Suddha tankana
5 Agnimandya Pippali
6 Indigestion Betel nut
7 Vata & rakta Haridra
pitta
8 Skin diseases Khadira decoction
9 Daha Lemon juice
Matra : 1-2 Ratti (125- 250mg)

Anupana : Ghee, Honey, Milk, Butter, Roganusara swarasa/ kwatha

Side effects of medication: - on acute ingestion tin salts can cause
gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrohoea
in humans.
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
Meshasringi and sita are to be taken for three days to pacify the asuddha vanga
sevana janya vikaras
Research updates and clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:

8. Naga Bhasma
 —5/171
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa: tikta, Madhura, Katu
Guna : ushna, guru, sara, snigdha
Veerya : ushna
Vipaka: katu
Pharmacokinetics :
Dipana, chakshushya, medoghna, viryadardhyakara, ruchivardhaka,
kamavardhaka, lekhana, rasayana, vajikara, sukrala, vrishya, krimighna,
ayushya, kantivardhaka
Therapeutic properties : kapha rog, mutra roga, swasa, pandu, sotha, Grahani,
amadosha, agnimandya, krimi, amavata, sukradosha, raktapradara, antrasosha,
akshepa, dhatukshaya
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Prameha Turmeric + amalaka+
honey
2 Menorrhagia Decoction of ashoka
3 Piles Nagakesara
4 Nephritis & Atmagupta decoction+
convulsions bala and Jatamamsi
5 Parkinsonism Rasasindhura

Matra : ¼ th Ratti—1 ratti ( 25mg—100mg)

Anupana : madhu Roganusara swarasa or kwatha
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
1.Swarna bahsma, haritaki churna and sita are to be taken for three days to
overcome the naga oushadha sevana janya vikara B R R S
2.Suddha gandhak may be administered as per Rasatarangini 19/93
Research updates and clinical evidences:
9.Yashada Bhasma

3/183
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa: tikta, katu
Guna: seeta
Virya: seeta
Pharmacokinetics : chakshushya, buddhi virya vardhaka, sramahara, sleshma
kala sankochaka
Therapeutic properties: prameha, pandu, swasa, kasa, ratri sweda, vrana srava
rodhaka, srama, avasada, atyadhika rajah srava, kampavata
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Dhrushti Old cow’s ghee
vardhaka
2 Constant rhinitis Old cow’s ghee—half Ratti Nasya 1 month

Matra : 50 mg—100mg
Anupana :madhu, ghrita, cow’s milk, butter
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
Research updates :
Bala, haritaki and sugar are taken for 3 days in complications arised by using
improperly prepared Yasada Bhasma ---RasaRaja Sundara---
 10.Kasisa Bhasma
Chemical composition :
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa—kashya, amla,tikta
Guna--ushna
Virya--ushna
Vipaka---katu
Pharmacokinetics : vata kapha hara, kesya, netrya , switraghna,
Therapeutic properties :

—3/53
Iron deficiency anaemia, Kesya(Hair tonic), Netrya (useful in ophthalmic
disorders), switra (vitiligo), vishagna (antidote to poison), kacha ranjana ( hair
dyeing), mutra krichra, kandu, pandu, krimi Rajahpravartaka rakta sanjanana(
haemopoitic)
Awasthanusara Uses(as applicable):
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 leukoderma, 50mg to 200mg of Kasisa 1year
aneamia, incinerated with
kshaya, vata gandhaka and kanta
roga, made into Bhasma along
splenomegaly, with kasisa are mixed
coilc, piles etc together added with
trphala churna, vidanga
churna, honey and ghee
administered in a dose of
3 g every day in the
morning

Matra : ½ - 2 ratti (62—250mg)

Anupana : triphala churna, madhu
Pathyapathya: as per loha bhasma
Sevana Kala : pragbhakta
Kala maryada (duration of medication as applicable) :
Side effects of medication : not seen in adults , common in infants and children
under 4 years of age
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya,:
Contraindications: anaemia of other than iron deficiency, hemochromatosis,
hemosiderosis and hyper sensitivity to iron products.
Cautious use in peptic ulcer, dark coloured stools, temparory staining of teeth
Research updates and clinical evidences :
• Liquid cayse staing of teeth if used undiluted
• 20% of this drug is absorbed orally.
• Crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk
• Half life: when given orally it starts to show its action after 4 days,
reaches the peak in 7-10 days and remains in the body for 2-4 months.
• Stored in bone marrow, spleen, liver
• Magnesium and alluminium hydroxide etc will inhibit the absorption.

11.Shuddha Shilajatu
Silajatu pariksha:

.--- Rasa purana—26/44

The superior quality of Silajatu can be identified by a simple test—generally,
the milk will spoil when it contact with sours. But, Silajatu when was added to
the milk, such milk will not split/ spoil even when in contact with sour
substances.

2/114
The purified Silajatu will burn without emitting the smoke when put on fire, on
fire it assumes the shape of Linga. When placed with the tip of leaf blade in
water it sinks to the bottom by leaving a white thread like structure in water.
Chemical composition :
 Mineral / other Raw in % Purified in %
constituents
Moisture 12.54 29.03
Loss on ignition 64.58 58.63
Ash 22.88 18.14
Silica 4.60 2.69
Iron (Fe2O3) 0.51 0.64
Magnesia (Mg O) 1.29 1.20
Potash (K2 O) 4.60 3.81
Sulphuric acid (SO3) 0.64 0.97
Chloride (NaCl) 0.26 0.57
Phosphoric acid (P2 O5) 0.28 0.24
Alumina (Al2 O3) 2.26 2.61
Lime ( CaO) 6.83 4.82
Nitrogen 2.64 3.36

Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa : Madhura, tikta, katu
Guna: swarna—seta, rajata --Tikshna, ushna, loha---sitala, guru, snigdha
Virya: ushna
Vipaka: katu
Pharmacokinetics : Swarna—vatapitta hara, Rajata—sleshma pittahara,Tamra—
kaphahara,Loha—tridosha hara
Therapeutic properties:
Kampa ( Parkinson’s disease), asmari, sharkara, mutrakrichar, kshaya, swasa,
apasmara, unmada, chardi, kushta, krimi, jwara, pandu, sopha, meha,
agnimandya, Gulma, pleeha, hricchula and twak vikara.
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Mutrakrichra Madhu 250mg
due to
sukravarodha
2 Ashtilika, vata Dasamula Kashaya Sugar
vasti, vata
kundalika
 3 Mutraghata, Varunadi kashaya
asmari
4 Mutratita, Camphor Sugar
mutrajathara
5 All types of Gokshura kwatha
mutrakrichra
6 Rajayakshma Loha Bhasma, Swarna Honey
makshika Bhasma,
haritaki churna, vayu
vidanga churna
7 Mutra krichra Virataru etc kwatha
Dravya
8 Prameha janya Milk Sugar Pratah kala
vikara

Matra:
Pravara—4 tola—46 g/ day
Madhyama--- 2 Tola—23 g/day
Avara—1 Tola--- 12 g/day
Sevana Kala --Kala maryada :
Suddha Silajatu Prayoga vidhi:

1/3/19
1. Prabala Kala--- 7 weeks—49 days
2. Madhyama kala--- 3 weeks---- 21 days
3. Avara kala---- 1 week---- 7 days
Charaka advised to administer it either 7 / 3/ 1 week as maximum, medium and
minimum duration.
Vagbhata, advised the duration as only one week in the dose of 1 karsha, ½ pala,
1 pala as lower, middile and higher respectively.
Anupana :
Godugdha, takra, Mamsa rasa, Mudga Yusha, Jala, Go mutra and fruits and
juices. For better results only milk diet may be given.
Pathyapathya :
Pathya: milk, takra, green gram, water from wells and waterfalls
The pathya should be followed double to the period of its consumption.
Apathya: Brihat RasaRaja Sundara

Vyayama, Sun, strong winds, vidahi, guru, Kuluttha, Kakamachi, Kapota

Mamsa
Side effects of medication(as applicable)
Avoid foods like items producing burning sensation, heavy to digest material,
horse gram and other all dicotyledons, kapota, kakamachi and kuluttha. Avoid
excercises, sun bath
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:
In case of any untoward effects have been observed during the regimen
administer the maricha powder along with ghee.
Research updates :
The first person who analysed the silajatu was Hooper and according to hin it
contains the following: ( R N Chopra Indigenous drugs if India Page no 497)
Water 8.85%
Mineral matter 34.95%
Organic matter 56.20%
Nitrogen 1.03%
Lime 7.8%
Potash 9.07%
Phosphoric acid 0.16%
 12. Shuddha Gandhaka
Chemical composition :
16
Atomic Number
Density 2.067
Melting Point 1190c
No of Isotopes 23
Atomic weight 32.065
State at Room temperature solid
Boiling point 444.60c
Lusture Glassy, di electric
Organoleptic properties
Colour Yellow
Taste Not specific
Odour Odourless, brittle

Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa: katu, Tikta, Kashaya
Guna: sara
Virya: ushna
Vipaka: Madhura (As per Ayurveda Prakasa—Katu)
Pharmacokinetics : Dipana, Pachana, Vishagna, Agnikaraka, soshaka, Ama
pachana, Dirghayushkara, Drishti sakti vardhaka and rasayana
Therapeutic properties :

—3/16
kandu, Kushta, pama, Dadru, visrapa, twak dosha, krimi dosha, bhuta dosha,
pliha Roga, kshaya, netra roga, kasa, mandagni, bala kshya, urdhwa Jatru gata
roga

11/82
Out of all the drugs of rasa, uparasa, sadharana Rasa gandhaka is considered is
best
Awasthanusara Uses(as applicable) :

Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala

maryada
1 Gridhrasi, Ext application
Amavata
2 Triphala kashya Agnimandya, nasa,
karna, mukha roga
3 Vasa kashya Navina Kshaya
4 Swasa, kasa Kantakari Kashaya
5 Twak roga Pakwa kadali phala
6 Dourbalya Chitramul kwatha
7 Tila churna Arsojanya vikara
8 Guda vikara Yashtimadhu, misreya,
senna, sugar(swadishta
virechana churna)
9 Kapha roga Suddha guggulu, triphala Hot water 2 months
churna,
10 Pama, Mriddarsringa, tankan, Coconut oil 7 days
camphor,
11 Mandagni, Haritaki/ triphala
ajirna kashaya
12 Netra 3g triphala churna+ 2 Madhu,
dourbalya ratti suddha gandhaka ghrita+
churna
 bhrigaraja
swarasa

Matra :1-8 Ratti--- 125 mg--- 1g

Anupana : ghrita, Madhu, Nagavallipatra
Pathyapathya :
Pathya:
Jangala mamsa, aja Mamsa, go dugdha, Go ghrita, wheat, Rice, saindhava
lavana, Sugar, sitala jala
Apathya:
Atilavana, amla, katu, vidahi, leafy vegetables, di cotyledons, kashra, kanji,

Side effects of medication:

1. It interferes with the storage of copper.
2. Excessive level leads to Crohn’s disease, asthma and joint degeneration
3. Asuddha Gandhaka sevana causes sirodaha, antra sula etc

Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:

Asuddha gandhaka causes the same symptoms which are caused by Asuddha
Parada Sevana and Asuddha Naga sevana
1 lit of Go dugdha added with 100g of Go ghrita along with sugar to be given
for a period of 15 days , to nullify the asuddha gandhaka janya vikara.
Research updates and clinical evidences for each of the following formulations:
13.Shuddha Gairika
Chemical composition : Iron—69.94%, Oxygen—30.06%
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa; Madhura, Kashaya
Guna- Snigdha
Virya: sita
Pharmacokinetics :
Netrya, raktapittahara, hikka, vamana, visha hara
Therapeutic properties : kanduhara, udarda hara,
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Yoni kandu Haridra, amra bija, vayu Ext
vidanga, Khadira sara application
rasanjana
2 Netrabhishyanda Saindhava lavana,
yashtimadhu, haridra
churna
3 Karnamula Sunthi, aragwadha, Kanji Ext application
sotha kaolin, kayaphala
churna,
4 Sita pitta 250 mg of suddha Honey
Gairika
5 Rakta pitta Rakta Chandana, Sugar/
dhaniya kwatha, khus, elachi
6 Burns Coconut oil Ext
application
7 Kandu, daha, 11.6 g of Swarna Ext
vrana ropana gairika+ haridra churna application
11g+ Giri sindhur 1g+
siktha taila 70ml

Matra: 250 mg—500m

14.Shuddha Kankshi
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa: Kashaya , amla ,katu, madhura
Guna: guru, snigdha
Virya: ushna
Pharmacokinetics :
Vishagna,rakta sthambaka, Bhuta Nasini
Therapeutic properties: Kesya, Twak dosha, vranaghna, switragna, visarpa, rati
mandir sankocha karini( constricts the vaginal canal), yoni sankochak,
mukharoga Hara, danta dhadyakara
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Vrana ropana Mriddaru sringa
2 Water Yoni prakshalana( 2g +
93 ml water) /1:50
3 Nasa rakta Godugdha nasya
srava
4 VicharchikaTankan Water
5 rakta pita Vasa swarasa Sugar
6 Arsa Guda vasti( 750mg+ 58ml
water)
Matra : 200mg—400mg/day
Anupana : water
Side effects of medication: large doses are irritant and may be corrosive, causes
gum necrosis and gastrointestinal heamorrhage.
Systemic absorption from bladder irrigation solution can cause acute aluminium
toxicity including encephalopathy.
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya,:
Toxic symptoms: burning pain in mouth, throat and stomach. Vomiting with
blood, dysponea, subnormal temperature, loss of coordination and convulsions
and death.
Antidote: emetics, lime water, large quantities of milk
Research updates:
1.

15.Mukta Pishti & Bhasma

Single drug :Bhasma & Pishti)
Chemical composition: Calcium carbonate
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa: Madhura
Guna: laghu
Virya: seta
Vipaka: Madhura
Pharmacokinetics : agni, Drushti pushtikara, visha Prabhava nasaka, dosha
samsodhaka, virya vardhaka, Jatharagni Pradipaka, pushtikara, vrishya,
ayushya, Daha Naska
Therapeutic properties : kshaya, kasa, swasa, agnimandhya nasaka
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Dantodbhava Rasasindhura
janya jwara
2 Kshaya Pravala Bhasma+ suddha 200mg—I month
parada grinded along
with lemon juice,
subjected to puta
3 Strengthen Pravala bahsma equal
lungs quantity
4 Hikka Suddha gairika+ katuki

Matra: 25mg- 100mg

Anupana : madhu, ghrita, Cow’s milk
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya:,
Research updates :
It is difficult to differentiate mukta Bhasma from other bhasmas of Sudha varga
material like pravala, sankha, sukti, varatika etc. Dr Namburi hanumanta rao has
found that it can be differentiated separately by the charred smell that comes on
heating it which is characterstic only to Mukta Bhasma.
16.Pravala Pishti & Bhasma
Single drug: Bhasma, & Pishti)
Chemical composition: calcium carbonate
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa: Madhura
Guna: laghu
Virya: Seeta
Vipaka: Madhura
Pharmacokinetics : netrya, dipana, pachana, tridoshaghna, kapha vata nasaka,
balya, vrishya, vishghna, bhutaghna, sukrala, virya bala, twakara, twachya
Therapeutic properties: kshaya, kasa, raktapitta, atisweda, Ratri sweda,
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/ kala
maryada
1 Kaphaja tandulodaka 200mg
mutrakrichra
2 Severe 100mg of pravala Bhasma+
constipation rasasindhura+ katuki+
Abhaya+draksha
3 Dysuria Gokshura decoction+ 100mg
rasasindhura
4 Ratri sweda Honey 200mg
5 Sotha Rasasindhura+ gokshura+ 200mg
Punarnava
6 Chronic sweating Equal quantity of yashada Honey 3 months
of hasta sweda Bhasma

Matra : 50mg- 100mg

Anupana: madhu, navanita
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya: NA
Research updates :
It is said in is said in uktikalpataru, Raktapitta, dadru, Bhagnadara, Rakta
Dushti, Prameha, Visphota, dushta vrana, ashti bhanga, Agnibhaya, arsas occur
due to disturbed Mars planet.
In such conditions, wearing, Danam and Internal usage of Pravala would be
useful.

17.Vajra Bhasma
Single drug: Bhasma
Chemical composition :
Pharmacodynamics: possess all six rasa,
Pharmacokinetics : hridya, yogavahi, ayushya, tridoshagna, best rasayana,
vrishya, balya, netrya, varnya, Medhya, vayah sthambhakara, klaibya hara, kanti
vardhaka, dipana
Therapeutic properties : medoroga, sotha, udara, kushta, fever, anaemia, pain in
cardiac region,sosha, kshya, bhrama, bhagandhar and meha
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Erectile Rasasindhura Milk cream
dysfuntion
2 Kshaya Swarna Bhasma+
rasasindhura 1:1:32 parts
3 Impotency/klaibya Makaradwaja 1: 8 parts
4 Anti cancer
activity

Matra: 1/32 part of Ratti – 1/16 part of Ratti ( 3.2mg—6.4mg)

To prepare the dose, 1 Ratti (100mg) of hiraka bhasma is added along with 4
mashas (3.2gms ) of Rasasindhura and ground thoroughly. 100mg—200mg of
this mixture is taken directly.
Anupana : Rasasindhura, makara dwaja or abhraka Bhasma, honey
Pathyapathya : NA
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya, :
In case any untoward adverse reactions experienced during its ingestion, advice
to take cow’s milk added with sugar candy honey and clarified butter for 7 days
consecutively.
Research updates and clinical evidences:
 18. Kaparda Bhasma
Single drug : Bhasma

—3/133
Chemical composition : kaparda is supposed to contain the following:
Ash 4.13%
Organic carbon 0.52%
Total nitrogen 0.56%
Total phosphorous 0.36%
Total potassium 3.26%
Total sodium 1.06%
Total calcium 15.63%
Total magnesium 8.56%
Total sulphur 0.78%
Total Zinc 1.56ppm
Total copper 0.52ppm
Total iron 102ppm
Total manganese 17.56ppm
Total boron 0.08ppm
Total molybdenum 0.02ppm
Pharmacodynamics : Katu in Rasa, ushna guna, seeta in virya
Pharmacokinetics: rasendra jarana, vrishya, best medium for parada marana,
kshara bandha, dipana, Pushti, sthoulyanashana, vata kaphahara, gives
nourishment to all sapta dhatu
Therapeutic properties : useful in netraroga, sphota nasana, parinama sula,
grahani, kshya, amlapitta, atisara
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Chronic Samudraphena churna External ear
suppurative otitis drops
media-Pus in
ears
2 Agnimandya Trikatu
3 Cough Vasa
4 Udarasula Trikatu+ nimbu juice
5 Heal cracks and Mriddarusringa External
wounds application
6 Sprue- pravahika Sankha Bhasma+ triphala 7 days
7 Rakta pradara Udumbara+ rasasindhura

Matra: 200mg
Anupana: water
Side effects of medication(as applicable) : NA
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya, :NA
Research updates and clinical evidences :
1. Pharmaceutical study of Kapardika Bhasma—the studies revealed that
kapardika Bhasma (angara dhamana) contains 43.02% calcium, where as
kapardika Bhasma (gajaputa) contains 44.31% calcium. It can be
concluded that in pharmaceutical processing kapardika Bhasma prepared
by the Gajaputa method is superior to angara dhamana as it si easier and
yields higher calcium content.
2. Standerdisation of kapardika Bhasma prepared with classical method
of Rasachandamshu—this method of preparing kapardika Bhasma is
achievable and less time consuming than others. The sodhana procedure
renders kapardika lusterless and changes its colour from yellow to whitish.
XRF analysis indicates a slight increase in calcium content after sodhana
and marana.
3. Pharmaceutico analytical study of varatika Bhasma with special
reference to its types according to Rasatangini--- analytical methods
indicated that all three samples of varatika Bhasma displayed similar
properties, suggesting insignificant differences among them. Therefore all
samples can be utilised for treatment purposes. Further research is required
to assess the absorption extent and intrinsic effects at the tissue/ cellular
levels on various experimental models.
4. Chemical standerdisation on varatika Bhasma—particle size decreases
likely due to purification process supported by Sem data.
XRD patterns confirms the formation of more crystalline compounds
attributed to purification and incineration process.
 19. Shankh Bhasma

—12/20-21
Chemical composition: Calcium carbonate
Pharmacodynamics: Guna: Seeta
Pharmacokinetics : Amlapitta nasaka, bala vardhaka, Grahi, Sthambana, visha
dosha hara
Therapeutic properties : Grahani, amlapitta, parinama sula, Yavana pithika
Awasthanusara Uses:
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Atisara Nimbu swarasa
2 Agnimandya, Trikatu churna
Gulma
3 Amlapitta Amalaki churna
4 Parinama sula Pancha lavana& guda
5 Swasa Bharangi churna
6 Vamana Haridra, kramuka
7 Kapha arbuda Muli kshra

Matra: 250 mg
Side effects of medication: NA
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya: NA
Research updates and clinical evidences:
1. Pharmaceutical study of shanka Bhasma by two different methods—
this study prepared six batches of shnakha Bhasma with group A using
Gajaputa marana and group B using open marana followed by two laghu
puta. Both groups required aminimum of three puta for transformation.
The colour of Group A Bhasma was white while Group B was off white.
EDAX analysis detected Ca, C, O and Si in both Bhasmas indicating
similar composition despite differing preparation methods.
 2. A critical review on therapeutic uses of Shankha Bhasma--- the present
study compiles and assesses relevant literature and contemporary research
on shankha Bhasma preparation focussing on pharmaceutical and
analytical parameters. It integrates ancient Indian texts with modern
research data bases to offer insight into shankha bhasma’s characterization
and therapeutic potential aiming to enhance human well being.
3. Physico-chemical analysis of shankha Bhasma WSR to
Rasachandanshu (dagdhikarana)--- shankha bahsma can be prepared
following the method outlined in RasaChandanshu with observed Bhasma
siddhi lashnas. This method proves to be simpler more cost effective.and
feasible compared to other methods described in various texts. Shankha
bahsma prepared through this method is suitable for external application.

20.Godanti Bhasma
Chemical/phytochemical composition --- calcium sulphate dihydrate
Gypsum/ selenite , CaSo4 2 H2O
Pharmacodynamics: Guna: sita
Pharmacokinetics : Balya, dipana, pitta Jwara hara
Therapeutic properties : sirasula, pradara, Jeerna jwara, swasa,(dry cough) kasa,
nidranasa, daha, trishna, sweta pradara
Awasthanusara Uses :
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Vishama Jwara Sudarshana churna/ arka
2 Sannipata jwara Tulasi swarasa Madhu Every 2
hours
3 Rakta pradara Amalaka+ isabgol Tid
4 Sweta pradara Jiraka+ maya phala Tid

Godanti misrana—as mentioned in Siddha Yoga sangraha,

Used in

Matra : 125mg—375 mg
Anupana : madhu
Pathyapathya : NA
Side effects of medication :NA
Ashuddha apakwa, avidhi sevanajanya vyadhi and their shantyupaya: NA
Research updates and clinical evidences:
1. Updated overview on Godanti Bhasma(An Ayurvedic formulation of
gypsum)—in modern rasashastra Godanti is used for Dehavada nit
Dhatuvada. It undergoes sodhana with nimbu and dronapushpi swarasa,
marana with nimbu or kumari swarasa. Processing incurs only a 25%
weight loss and can be done traditionally or with an electric furnace.The
resulting mild alkaline Bhasma aids rapid absorption without antibiotic
properties, effective for ulcer healing and as an anti pyretic agent.
2. Evaluation of the efficacy of Godanti Bhasma in sweta pradara with
special reference to Leucorrhoea—a clinical study--- in a study with 60
sweta pradara patients , Group 1 received Godanti Bhasma with luke warm
water Group 2 received only luke warm water and group 3 received Azostat
kit for 30 days. Group 1 showed 90-100% symptom relief while group 3
showed 50% relief with side effects. Pap smear reports indicated group 1
&3 patients had negative infections post treatment, unlike group 2. Godanti
Bhasma provide significant symptom relief and comparable antimicrobial
activity to the Azostat kit.
3. Preparation of Godanti Bhasma by muffle furnace using traditional
method WSR Rasatarangini and its comparative physico chemical
analysis—after the sodhana procedure of Godnati in nimbu swarasa, it
becomes white and brittle, with negligible loss. The pH shifts slightly
acidic after sodhana. Traditional method preparation requires more time
and labor compared to furnace method. The pH of Bhasma is 6.58 for the
furnace method and 8.9 for traditional method indicating a marked
reduction in acidity for the later.
X ray diffraction shows different phases for each method, while XRF
reveals similar elemental contents. Further study is needed to determine
their therapeutic effects, although both methods yield similar analytical
results.

21. Shuddha Tankana

Chemical/phytochemical composition : 2Na Bo2+ B2O3
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa- Katu, Guna- Tikshna, snigdha,sara Virya –Ushna Vipaka- Katu
Pharmacokinetics: vahnikrit (agni diptikara) , is an antidote to vegetable
poisons.Bhedi, BalaPrada, Pachak,Dravani, Hridya
Absorption: easily absorbed from GIT
Metabolism: may cause cumulative toxicity
Elimination: rapidly excreted by kidneys. In the first 12 hours half of the
amount will be excreted in urine but the rest will take 3-5 days for complete
elimination. It also excreted to a slight extent through saliva and milk
Therapeutic properties: swasa, Kasa, Rajorodha. Mudha Garbha Pravartaka,
Gulma, Sula
Awasthanusara Uses (as applicable)
Sno Indications Along with Anupana Duration/
kala
maryada
1 Kapha Mayaphala, trikatu, vasa
visleshana( to kshara, yavakshar,
make kapha to
liquid)
2 Udara roga Trikatu and equal parts
of Suddha Jayapal
3 Parada sevana Mixed with 24 times of
janya vikara water and gargling to be
like excessive done
salivation
4 Danta vikara Bilwa churna Pratisarana
5 Kantha vikara Piece of suddha tankana
kept in mouth, juice to be
chewed
6 Udara Trikatu Madhu
Adhmana(tivra)
7 Snayu roga Hing, yavakshra 7 days
8 Guru Dravya Lavanga, sunthi,
pachana maricha, apamarga
kshara
 9 Rakta srava Sprinkling/
dusting
10 Mukha paka Oral application madhu
11 Yoni roga Vasti / vaginal douche
12 Dushta vrana Vrana varti guda
13 Sidhma Sweta Chandan Water
14 Vamanahara Kakamachi

Matra : 2 Ratti—8 Ratti(250—1000ml) depending upon the rogi & roga Bala
Side effects of medication(as applicable): toxicity, pain in epigastrium,
nausea, vomiting erythematous rash, cerebral oedema, muscle twitching
Fatal dose: 15- 2 g for adults and 5 g in children
Fatal period: 3-4 days
Management: stomach wash, with lime water, administer saline purgatives,
maintain urine output through I V fluids, Maintain airway
Research updates :
Physico chemical standerdisation of tankana—an ayurvedic mineral drug
Result: the study aimed to generate a finger print for raw and purified tankana
using rechniques like x ray diffraction, SEM, EDAX and chemical analysis to
determine structural and chemical compositions.
XRD revealed that raw tankana contains Na2 B4 O7 10 H2 O and Na2 B4 O7 5
H2 O while purified Tankana contains Na2 B4 O7 compared to raw tankana’s 3
micron grains.
Quantitative chemical analysis indicated higher Boran content (13.48%) in
purified Tankana compared to raw Tankana(10.08%)