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Types of internal and external migration

The document outlines two main types of migration: internal and external. Internal migration includes rural to urban, urban to urban, rural to rural, urban to rural, forced migration, and short-term migration, each with specific reasons and examples. External migration is categorized into legal and illegal migration, highlighting the movement of people across national borders for various opportunities.

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2 views

Types of internal and external migration

The document outlines two main types of migration: internal and external. Internal migration includes rural to urban, urban to urban, rural to rural, urban to rural, forced migration, and short-term migration, each with specific reasons and examples. External migration is categorized into legal and illegal migration, highlighting the movement of people across national borders for various opportunities.

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acc2acc2ismonke
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF MIGRATION

There are two types of migration-internal and external


Internal or Domestic Migration
Internal Migration refers to the movement of people within the same country. There are various types
in which internal migration takes place:
• Rural to Urban migration
When people move from villages to cities, it is called rural to urban migration.
Reasons for rural to urban migration:
1. Poverty
2. Unemployment
3. Lack of social amenities
4. Lack of health facilities
5. Better education facilities
This type of migration is common in the developing countries of Asia and South America.
• Urban to urban migration.
When people move from a small town to larger city, it is called urban to urban migration.
Reasons for urban to urban migration:
1. Poor infrastructure
2. Lack of adequate employment opportunities.
3. Better social amenities
In India, many people have migrated from small towns and cities to the metropolitan cities such as
Delhi and Mumbai in search of jobs and better education and health facilities,
• Rural to rural migration
When people move from one village to another, it is called rural to rural migration.
Reasons for rural to rural migration:
1. It happens when farmers move out from overcrowded villages to areas with less population.
2. It happens when farmers move in search of more fertile land and better irrigation facilities.
This type of migration is common in the Indian sub-continent and South-east Asia.
• Urban to rural migration
When people move from cities to villages or suburban areas, it is called urban to rural migration.
Reasons for urban to rural migration:
1. When certain cities become overpopulated, resulting in shortage of housing,
2. Traffic congestion
3. Pollution.
People prefer to move out from these cities and settle in the suburbs or rural areas where living
conditions arc- better. Mumbai, Shanghai and London are examples of metropolitan cities where
thousands of people commute to work from the surrounding suburban areas.
• Forced Migration
Sometimes, political unrest in a particular region may force people to move out from there and settle
elsewhere in the country. This is called forced migration.
The emigration of many people from Kashmir to different parts of India is a suitable example.
• Short-term migration
When people move out from an area in the aftermath of a natural disaster such as earthquake, volcanic
eruption, flood or cyclone it is called short-term migration
External or International Migration
External Migration refers to the movement of people from one country to another It can be of
different types.
• Legal migration
When people emigrate from their home country with the legal permission of the receiving country, it
is called legal migration.
For example, large numbers of people have migrated from the South Asian countries to the UK, USA,
Canada, Australia and the Middle East for better employment prospects and higher standard of living.
• Illegal migration
When people move out from their country without any legal permission, it is called illegal migration.
They violate the immigration laws of the receiving country and cross the borders illegally.

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