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Introduction to OOAD

This document introduces Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) concepts, including the Unified Process, UML diagrams, and use case modeling, with a focus on the Next Gen POS system. Key concepts such as objects, classes, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, association, aggregation, composition, generalization, and specialization are explained. Various types of inheritance and their relationships are also discussed.

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2 views

Introduction to OOAD

This document introduces Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) concepts, including the Unified Process, UML diagrams, and use case modeling, with a focus on the Next Gen POS system. Key concepts such as objects, classes, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, association, aggregation, composition, generalization, and specialization are explained. Various types of inheritance and their relationships are also discussed.

Uploaded by

vedaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

UNIFIED PROCESS AND USE CASE DIAGRAMS

Introduction to OOAD with OO Basics - Unified Process – UML diagrams – Use Case –Case study – the
Next Gen POS system, Inception -Use case Modelling – Relating Use cases – include, extend and
generalization – When to use Use-cases

Introduction to OOAD with OO Basics


Object: Objects are real world entities. Objects may have physical existence or exist only in concept.
Each object has attributes and methods. The methods describe the behavior of the objects. Each object
has:

Examples of physical objects: Student, Patient, Car etc.


Examples of conceptual objects: Bank account, Courses etc.

Class:

 A class is a user defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created.
 It represents the set of properties or methods that are common to all objects of one type.

Encapsulation:

 Encapsulation is the process of binding both attributes and methods together within a class.
 Through encapsulation, the internal details of a class can be hidden from outside.

Polymorphism:

Polymorphism is originally a Greek word that means the ability to take multiple forms.

Inheritance:

Inheritance is the mechanism that permits new classes to be created out of existing classes by extending
and refining its capabilities. The existing classes are called the base classes/parent classes/super-classes,
and the new classes are called the derived classes/child classes/subclasses.

Types of Inheritance:

 Single Inheritance: A subclass derives from a single super-class.


 Multiple Inheritance: A subclass derives from more than one super-classes.
 Multilevel Inheritance: A subclass derives from a super-class which in turn is derived from another
class and so on.
 Hierarchical Inheritance: A class has a number of subclasses each of which may have subsequent
subclasses, continuing for a number of levels, so as to form a tree structure.
• Hybrid Inheritance: A combination of multiple and multilevel inheritance so as to form a lattice
structure.

Association

Association is a relationship between two classes or objects.


Aggregation:

 The relationship between child and parent class is represented in aggregation relationship where
in child can exist independently of the parent.
 It is weak association.

Composition:

 The relationship between child and parent class is represented in composition relationship where
in child cannot exist independently of the parent.
 It is strong association.

Generalization:

 In the generalization process, the common characteristics of classes are combined to form a class
in a higher level of hierarchy, i.e., subclasses are combined to form a generalized super- class.
 It represents an “is – a – kind – of” relationship.
Specialization:

 Specialization is the reverse process of generalization.


 It can be said that the subclasses are the specialized versions of the super-class.

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