MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

SUMMER-2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Utilization of Electrical Energy Subject Code: 22626
Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess
the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure.
The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and
Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme
from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual
language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on
matching of concepts with model answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks
a Define i) Depreciation factor ii) Glare 2-Marks
Ans i) Depreciation factor:- 1-Mark for
:- It is defined as the ratio of illumination under normal working condition to the each
illumination when everything is perfectly clean. definition
ii) Glare:
It is defined as due to brightness anyone feel discomfort, interference with eyes
fatigue.
b State any four types of electric heating 2-Marks
Ans:- The various methods of Electric Heating are as: 1-Mark for
(A) Power Frequency Heating. any two
a) Resistance Heating. types
i) Direct Resistance Heating.
ii) Indirect Resistance Heating.
iii) Radiant or Infrared Heating.
b) Arc Heating.
i) Direct Arc Heating.
ii) Indirect Arc Heating.
(B) High Frequency Heating.
a) Induction Heating.
i) Direct Induction Heating.
ii) Indirect Induction Heating.
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b) Dielectric Heating.
( or Equivalent Answer)
c Suggest suitable electric drive for following application 2-Marks
i) Electric Traction ii) Paper mills
Ans: Electric traction :D.C. Series Motor, 1 Phase Slip-Ring Induction Motor 1-Mark for
Paper mills: Slip-Ring Induction Motor, Synchronous Motor each
Or Equivalent answer application
d State different types of traction motors 2-Marks
Ans: Different types of traction motors- D.C. Series Motor, 1 Phase Slip-Ring Induction 2-Marks
Motor, 3phase induction motors marks for
Or Equivalent answer any two
motors
e State any two types of bearing and its application 2-Marks
Ans: Types of bearing 1-Mark for
1. Ball or roller Bearing types and
2. Sleeve Bearing
Application 1-Mark
1. Ball or roller Bearing: 1. It is used for I.M because friction loss is less, hence for
we can keep air gap between stator and rotor minimum and kept constant. application
2. It is used for shaft position other than horizontal to take axial thrust.
Sleeve Bearing: Motors with sleeve bearings are always used with horizontal
shaft.
f List any four desirable characteristics of tariff.
Ans: 1. It should be easy to understand to consumer. 2-Marks
2. Easy to calculate. for any
3. Tariff should be attractive i.e. It should not be too high or too low. It should four
be reasonable. characteris
4. Tariff should be economical as compare to other types of energy sources. tics
5. Tariff should be different for different types of consumers
6. Tariff must be fair, so that different types of consumers are satisfied with
rate of electrical energy charges.
7. Tariff should be framed into two parts i.e. fixed charges + running charges.
8. Tariff should be high during peak load period.
9. Tariff should be low during off load period.
10. For industrial consumer, in addition to basic tariff incentives and penalty
related to PF and LF should be considered.
Or Equivalent answer
g Write the classification of resistance welding
Ans: Electrical welding differentiated into two types 1-Marks
1) Resistance welding for one
2) Arc welding classificati
Types of resistance welding on
1) Butt welding
2) Flash butt welding
3) Spot welding
4) Projection welding
5) Seam welding
Types of Arc welding
1) Metal arc welding
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2) Carbon arc welding

2 Attempt any three of the following 12 Marks
a State laws of illumination 1) Inverse Square Law 2) Lamberts Cosine Law: 4-Marks
Ans 1) Inverse Square Law:- 2-Marks
Hence the illumination of a surface is inversely proportional to the square for each
of the distance between surface area and the light source law
E=I/d2

Where, I = intensity and d = Distance

2) Lambert's Cosine Law: According to this law, Illumination at any point on a
surface is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the normal at that point
and the direction of luminous flux

or Equivalent answer
b Draw and Explain the principal of dielectric heating 4-Marks
Ans: Working Principle of Dielectric Heating: 2-Marks
In dielectric heating, high frequency, high voltage ac voltage is applied across for
dielectric material. explanatio
i) The dielectric work piece is held between two metal electrodes as shown in n and 2-
figure. The dielectric material can be plastic, wood, insulators etc. Marks for
ii) Due to high voltage RF excitation, current flows through the dielectric material diagram
and due to this current flow, loss take place in the dielectric which is called as
"dielectric loss".
iii) This power loss takes place in the form of heat and the dielectric material gets
heated up due to it. This is the principle of dielectric heating.
iv) Dielectric heating is a type of heating which makes use of the dielectric loss in
imperfect dielectric materials and is therefore, suitable for heating non-metals. The
below figure shows the schematic arrangement of dielectric heating.
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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Or Equivalent diagram and answer

c State the salient features of Bombay Lift Act-1939. 4- Marks
Ans: 1) Bombay Electricity Act lays down provisions for regulating construction 4-Marks
maintenance and safe working of certain classes of lifts and all machinery, for any
apparatus pertaining thereto and also prescribes procedure for issue of licence four points
for working of lifts.
2) This act also provides power to make rules about the specifications, testing
and licensing of lifts etc.
3) This Act is being enforced by the inspector of lifts and officers appointed to
assist the inspector of lifts.
4) The electrical Inspector is the Inspector of lifts and assistant electrical
inspectors are the officers appointed to assist the Inspectors of lifts to
take action against defaulters
Or Equivalent answer
d Describe conductor rail (third rail) current collection system. 4-Marks
Ans:- A third rail is a method of providing electrical power to a railway train, through a 2-Marks
semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway for
track. diagram
and 2-
Marks for
explanatio
n

It is used typically in mass transit or rapid transit systems. The third rail can
transmit high currents. It is used when an overhead wire cannot be installed. Third
rails are more compact than overhead wires and can be used in smaller diameter
tunnels, an important factor for subway systems. Third rail systems can be
designed to use top contact, bottom contact or side contact as shown in fig. below
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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Or Equivalent diagram and Answer

3 Attempt any three of the following 12 Marks
a Explain with neat diagam metal halide lamp. 4-Marks
Ans: Diagram:- 2-Marks
for
diagram
and 2-
Marks for
Explanatio
n

Or Equivalent Diagram
Construction:-
 Construction is similar to mercury lamp
 It consist of an arc tube enclosed by an outer tube
 Vacuum is created between the inner and outer glass tube to prevent heat
loss.
 The inner arc tube contains the electrode and various metal halides, along
with mercury and inert gas.
 MH lamp has three electrodes two for maintaining the arc and third internal
starting electrode.
 It require a ballast to give high voltage at starting to produce the arc.
 The capacitor is used to improve the power factor.
Working:-
 When the lamp is turned on, a high voltage at starting is applied across two
electrodes.
 To initiates an arc which discharges and vaporizes argon gas, mercury
vapour and chemical components called metal halides
 After energized metal atoms then emits the light .
 About 24% of the energy used by metal halide lamp to produces light
 It is more efficient than incandescent The capacitor is used to improve the
power factor.
b Explain with the neat sketch working of Ajax Wyatt vertical core furnace. 4-Marks

Ans: Diagram:- 2-Marks

for
diagram
and 2-
Marks for
explanat
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Construction:-
 A shell type transformer is used.
 The primary winding arranged on central limb and secondary formed by
charge itself.
 V notch is formed at the bottom part where temperature is maximum.
 Refractory lining is provided from all sides to reduce heat loss.
Working:-
 AC supply is applied to primary causing heavy current in the material
which is housed in V-channel.
 Produced heat utilized for melting the charge.
 The circulation of molten metal in V channel due to convection.
 The high temperature metal goes up and low temperature metal goes down.
 Thus the stirring action causes homogeneous heating.
C Explain necessary circuit diagram plugging braking applied to DC series 4- Marks
motor.
Ans: Diagram: 2- Marks
for
diagram
and 2-
Marks for
Explanatio
n

Or equivalent diagram
 For plugging in DC series motor, the direction of the motor speed is reversed
by either changing the polarity of the field winding or armature winding.
 A resistance is put in series with the field and armature winding to limit the
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armature current to a safe value.

 The polarity of both the winding is not changed because in this speed
direction of speed does not change.
D Describe the static capacitor method of power factor improvement. 4-Marks
A Diagram:- 2-Marks
n for
s diagram
: and 2-
Marks for
Explanatio
n

cosΦ1= Initial power factor

cosΦ2= Improved power factor
Ic= Iμ1- Iμ2 ( Iμ1= Iώ tan Φ1 and Iμ2= Iώ tan Φ2)
Ic=(Iώ tan Φ1- Iώ tan Φ2)
Now Ic=V/Xc
Therefore
Xc=V/Ic
Therefore
Xc=V/Ic
Therefore
Xc=1/2πfc (c=1/2πfXc)
Magnitude of new current
I2=√(Iώ)2 +(Iμ2)2
Calculation from power triangle
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Observation
1) Power factor improve
2) Magnetizing current reduces
3) Lagging reactive power reduces
4) Apparent power reduces
4 Attempt any three of the following 12 Marks
a List different types of welding. Explain any one 4-Marks
A Electrical welding differentiated into two types 1-Mark for
n 3) Resistance welding any two
s 4) Arc welding types, 1-
: Types of resistance welding Mark for
6) Butt welding diagram
7) Flash butt welding and 2-
8) Spot welding Marks for
9) Projection welding Explanatio
n
10) Seam welding
Types of Arc welding
1) Metal arc welding
2) Carbon arc welding

Resistance spot welding

Construction:-
 It consist of a transformer which is used for spot welding.
 It is oil cooled
 It consist of two electrodes one is fixed and other is movable
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

 The electrodes are hollow and water cooled.

Working:-
 The job is placed one over the other between two electrodes.
 Sufficiently heavy current at low voltage is passed directly through two
metals in contact to be welded.
 Heat is produced due to I2R losses.
 This heat is utilized to obtain welding temperature.
 When welding temperature is reached, supply is cut down and external
pressure is applied across the job to complete weld.
 Current varies from 10000 A and voltage between two electrode is usually
less than 2V.
b Draw simplified speed time curve. Show and list various time periods 4-Marks
associated with it.
A Diagram: 2-Marks
n for
s diagram
: and 2-
Marks for
Explanatio
n

Or equivalent diagram
1) Main line services
i) 0-t1 is acceleration period
ii) t1-t2 Acceleration on speed-time curve
iii) t2-t3 free running period
iv) t3-t4 Coasting period
v) t4-t5 Braking period
c Compare between urban line, sub-urban line and main line service on 4-Marks
following points
A ½ -Marks
n Particulars Urban line Sub-urban line Main line for each
s services services services
: i) Distance Low Medium High
between two
railway station
ii)Acceleration High High High
iii)Retardation High High Low
iv)Maximum 120km/hr 120km/hr 160km/hr
Speed
v)Specific High High Low
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Energy
Consumption
vi)Free Absent Absent Present
running
period absent
or present
vii)Coasting Present(small) Present(small) Present(long)
period absent
or present
viii)Shape of Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Trapezoidal
speed time
curve
d Draw the curve and estimate H.P. of motor having following duty cycle 4-Marks
i) Rising load from 200 to 400 HP- 5 minutes
ii) Uniform load of 400HP -2 minutes
iii) Regenerative braking from 50 to zero HP- 1 Minute
iv) Idle for -1-Minute
A Solution:-
n
s
:

…………………………2-
Marks
HP=√1/3 (H12+ H1H2+H22)t1+H32t2+1/3H42t3/T
T=t1+t2+t3+t4
T=5+2+1+1=9
T=9
2 2 2 2
HP=√1/3 (200 +200×400+400 )×5+400 ×2+1/3×50 ×1/9
(Note:-Whole upper term divide by nine)
HP=√134907.4074
HP=368HP …………………………………….2-Marks
e A three phase 440V, 50HZ , 40KW load has a P.F 0.85. Calculate KVAR 4-Marks
rating of capacitor required to improve P.F. to 0.95 lagging. What will
be value capacitor per phase, if capacitor is connected in star?
A cosΦ1=0.85
n cosΦ2=0.95
s 1)cosΦ1=0.85
……………………………… 1-Mark
: Φ1=Cos-1(0.85)=31.78830
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2) cosΦ2=0.95
……………………………
Φ2=cos-1(0.95)=18.190 1-Mark
Qc=Q1+Q2
Q1=PtanΦ1
=40×tan(31.7883)
Q1=24.7897
Q2=PtanΦ2
Q2=40×tan18.19
Q2=13.1433
Qc=Q1-Q2
=24.7897-13.1435
Qc=11.6462 ………………. 1-Mark

C per phase in star= Qc×103/Ꞷv2 (Ꞷ=2πf)

=11.6463×103/2 ×3.14 ×50 ×(440)2
=1.91 ×10-4 F
Therefore capacitor per phase= 1.91×10-4 F -----------1-Mark
5 Attempt any two of the following: 12 Marks
a State the factors to be considered for selection shape and size of 6-Marks
elevators
A 1. No. of passenger to be carried: While selecting the size of car it is a usual 6-Marks
n practice to allow. for any 6
s 2. A Space of 2 Sq.fit/ person. Average weight of passenger is assumed 68 points
: kg/person.
- 3. Thus the maximum load capacity of elevator is considered 34 kg/sq.ft There
should be wide frontage and shallow depth
4. Limitation in the building design: Shape of elevator depends on space available
in building.
5. Type of building
6. Application of elevator
7.Safety features
8. Height of building
9. Failure of Electric supply
10. Maintenance
b A train runs between two station is 2KM apart at average speed of 6- Marks
) 40KMPH. Train accelerates at 2kmphpsec and retards at 3kmphpsec.
Assume trapezoidal speed time curve. Calculate
i) Draw speed time curve and mark all
ii) Maximum speed
iii) Distance travelled by train before are applied
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A 2-Marks
n foe figure
s
:

Solution:
Given data
Distance:-2KM
V avg=40 KM/Hr.
ά= 2kmphpsec
β= 3kmphpsec
Vavg=3600D/T
40=3600×2/T
T=3600×2/40
T=180sec
Vmax=T-√T2-4K3600/2K
=180-√32400-4×0.416×3600×2/2×0.416
Vmax=44.60km/hr/sec --------------1- Mark
Dβ= V2max/7200β
=(44.60)2/7200×3
=1989.16/21600
=0,0921 KM
Dβ =V2 Max/7200β
=(44.60)2/7200×3
=1989.16/21600
=0.0921KM -------------- 1-Mark
Distance travelled before brakes are applied
=D-Dβ
=2-0.0921
=1.079KM ---------------------2-Marks
C A factory has a maximum demand of 300KW with a load factor of 0.7. 6- Marks
The following tariffs are offered
i) Two-part tariff 80/KW of MD/year+6paise/kwh
ii) A flat rate of 15 paise/kwh.
Which tariff is economical
A Solution:
n Number of units consumed in one year
s =Load factor ×M.D.(KW) ×8760
: =0.7×300×8760
=18,39,600 kwh ----------------------------2-Marks
Case Ist Energy Bill
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=(Tariff given Rs. 80of M. D./Year + Rs.6 Paise/ KWH)

=((300×80)+(18,39600×6/100)
=RS. 24000+RS.1,10376
=RS. 1,34376 -----------------------------2-Marks
Case IInd Energy bill=(Tariff given that rate of 15 paise/kwh)
=(1,83,9600×15/100)
= Rs. 2,75940 (According to energy bill case first is economical)
-------------------------2-Marks
6 Attempt any two of the following: 12 Marks
a Explain with neat sketch 6- Marks
) i) Spot welding
ii) Seam welding and state two application of each
A 1-Mark for
n diagram, 1-
s Marks for
: Explanatio
n and 1-
Mark for
application

Resistance spot welding

Construction:-
 It consist of a transformer which is used for spot welding.
 It is oil cooled
 It consist of two electrodes one is fixed and other is movable
 The electrodes are hollow and water cooled.

Working:-
 The job is placed one over the other between two electrodes.
 Sufficiently heavy current at low voltage is passed directly through two
metals in contact to be welded.
 Heat is produced due to I2R losses.
 This heat is utilized to obtain welding temperature.
 When welding temperature is reached, supply is cut down and external
pressure is applied across the job to complete weld.
 Current varies from 10000 A and voltage between two electrode is usually
less than 2V.
Application
1) It is used to weld two metal sheet together
2) It is used to make Airframe components from aluminum alloy.
3) In aeospace industry
4) In automotive industry
Seam Welding:-
Diagram:
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1-Mark for
diagram, 1-
Marks for
Explanatio
n and 1-
Mark for
application

Construction:-
 It consist of a transformer used for a seam welding
 It is oil cooled.
 It consist of two roller electrodes
Working
 Job is kept in between two electrodes under pressure
 This pressure kept constant
 In this type intermittent current is used, it means that current is ON
for definite time and OFF for definite time
 Heat is produced due to I2R losses.
 Two sheets are passed under the two rolling electrodes
 A series spot welding is depending upon number of welding current
pulses and speed of electrodes.
Application:-
 Welding of large length of metal sheet
 Gasoline tanks
 Metal fabrication
b State the need of load equalization in drive. Describe the common 6- Marks
method to achieve load equalization in industry
A Need of load equalization:- 2-Marks
n  There are many types of load which are fluctuating in nature for need of
s For example wood cutting m/c, Rolling mills etc. load
 For such type of loads, load equalization is necessary to draw the equilization
constant power from supply. , 1-Mark
 After sudden load on motor will draw more current from supply at for
start to meet additional power demand. diagram
 Due to this heavy current there is large voltage drop in supply system. and three
This will affect electrical instrument, equipment, M/C, other marks for
consumer. equilization
 To withstand heavy current, size of input cable increases so cost of method
cable increases.
 Hence it is necessary to smooth out load fluctuation on motor.
Common method to achieve load equalization in industry:-
 In industry load equalization would be done by Flywheel
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 It is mounted on motor shaft. Flywheel stores Kinetic Energy when

there is light or no load and it supplies Kinetic Enegy.
 When there is sudden heavy load on motor.
 In this way load demand on supply remains practically constant.
 If the motor is fed from the motor generator set, then flywheel mounted on
the motor generator shaft and hence equalizes the load on the source but
not load on the motor.
 When the load is light, the flywheel accelerated and stored the excess
energy drawn from the supply.
 During the peak load, the flying wheel decelerates and supplies the stored
energy to the load along with the supply energy.
 Hence the power remains constant, and the load demand is reduced.
c Draw a neat labelled block diagram of AC electric locomotive. State the 6- Marks
function of each part
A 3-Marks
n for
s diagram
: and 3-
Marks for
Explanatio
n

The various components of of 25 KV, single phase, 50 Hz AC locomotive

used for traction system.
1. Over Head conductor - Power at 25 kV is taken via a pantograph from
the overhead contact wire and fed to the step-down transformer in the
locomotive
2. Current collecting device – It collect current from overhead wire &
passes to tap changing transformer through C. B.
3. Circuit Breakers – It provide protection under fault condition in
locomotive.
4. On-load tap-changers – It is used to vary the voltage for speed control of
traction motor.
5. Transformer – It step down input voltage 25 KV into working voltage of
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traction motor.
6. Rectifier – It convert secondary voltage of transformer into DC supply
7. Filter- It is used to obtain pure DC supply.
8. Traction motors – It gives mechanical power to run the train.