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07. Polimerphism

The document discusses polymorphism in C++, explaining its definition as the ability for a single function to take on multiple forms through function and operator overloading, as well as virtual functions. It outlines the rules for implementing virtual functions and provides examples of base and derived class interactions. The document emphasizes the importance of function overriding and the behavior of pointers in relation to base and derived class objects.

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Abdul Wahab
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2 views

07. Polimerphism

The document discusses polymorphism in C++, explaining its definition as the ability for a single function to take on multiple forms through function and operator overloading, as well as virtual functions. It outlines the rules for implementing virtual functions and provides examples of base and derived class interactions. The document emphasizes the importance of function overriding and the behavior of pointers in relation to base and derived class objects.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object

Oriented
Programming
Using

C ++
Polymorphism

Abdul Wahab
Lecturer
University of Science and Technology Bannu
[email protected]
1
Polymorphism

Poly means “many”


Morphism means “several forms or shap”.
So polymorphism means various forms.
“Polymorphism is the technique in which
various form of a single function can be
defined & shared by various objects to
perform the operation”.
Polymorphism

Compile Time Run Time

Function Operator Virtual


Overloading Overloading fnction

2
Pointers to Base & Derived class objects.

A base class pointer can point to objects of Base class as well as to objects of Derived
class.
But a pointer to Derived class objects can not point to object of Base class as shown:

Base class pointer

Base class object Derived class object

Derived class pointer

3
Example

class W
class X : public W
{
{
protected:
int x;
int w;
public:
public:
X (int j, int k): W(j)
W(int k)
{
{
x=k;
k = w;
}
}
void show()
void show ( )
{
{
cout<<“\n in class X”;
cout<<“\n in Base class W”;
cout<<“W= ”<<w;
cout<<“\n W= ”<<w;
cout<<“X= ”<<x;
}
}
};
}; Next slide

4
void main()
{
clrscr();
W objw(20), * b;
b = &objw;
b -> show();
X objx1(5,2);
b = &objx1;
b -> show();
X objx2(3,4);
X *d = &objx2;
d -> show();
// d = &objw will cause error
}

5
Virtual Function

We can define a virtual function in base class & can use the same function name
in any derived class, even if the number & type of argument are same.
Then the matching function of derived class “overrides” the base class function.
This is known as “Function overriding” .

6
Rules for virtual function

1. The virtual function should not be static & must be member of a class.
2. Constructor can not be declared as virtual.
3. Virtual function must be defined in public section.
4. In case the virtual function is defined outside the class, the “virtual” keyword is used in the
declaration & not in function declarator.
5. The prototype of virtual function in the base & derived classes should be exactly the same. In
case of mismatch, the compiler neglects the virtual function mechanism & treats them as
overloaded functions.

7
-

6. If a base class contains virtual function and if the same function is not redefined in the
derived class , in that case the base class function is invoked.

8
Example

class super
{
int b;
public:
super( ) {b = 10;}
virtual viod display( )
{
cout<<“In function display( ) class super”;
cout<<“\n B = ”<<b<<endl;
}
}; Next slide

9
class sub : public super
{
int d;
public:
sub( ) {d = 20;}
void display ( )
{
cout<<“In function display( ) class sub”;
cout<<“\n d = ”<<d<<endl;
}
}; Next slide

10
void main ( )
{
clrscr( );
super S, *p;
sub A; Try it practically
p = &S; p-> display( );
p = &A; p-> display( );
}

11
Have a Good Day!

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