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Lecture 6

The document discusses linear wire antennas, focusing on infinitesimal and small dipoles, including their characteristics, current distribution, and radiation properties. Infinitesimal dipoles are defined as having a length much smaller than the wavelength, while small dipoles have a length between λ/50 and λ/10. Key concepts such as radiated power, wave impedance, and radiation resistance are also covered, along with the implications of image theory.

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ابراهيم حسن
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7 views

Lecture 6

The document discusses linear wire antennas, focusing on infinitesimal and small dipoles, including their characteristics, current distribution, and radiation properties. Infinitesimal dipoles are defined as having a length much smaller than the wavelength, while small dipoles have a length between λ/50 and λ/10. Key concepts such as radiated power, wave impedance, and radiation resistance are also covered, along with the implications of image theory.

Uploaded by

ابراهيم حسن
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Antenna and Wave

Propagation (ECE 329)

Lecture 6
Reference:
Balanis (Antenna Theory Analysis and Design)
Linear wire antenna
1- Infinitesimal dipole (current element)

• An infinitesimal linear wire is positioned


symmetrically at the origin of the coordinate
system and oriented along the z axis.
• Infinitesimal dipole is usually taken to have a
length 𝑙 ≤ 𝜆/50
• The wire is very small (𝑙 ≪ 𝜆) and very thin
(𝑎 ≪ 𝜆).
• Current distribution is assumed to be uniform.
• The current is constant
𝐼(𝑧) = 𝐼0 𝑎ො𝑧
where 𝐼0 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
• Radiated fields

• Radiated power
• Far field region (𝒌𝒓 ≫ 𝟏):

• Wave impedance:

• The electric and magnetic components are


perpendicular to each other, transverse to the
radial direction of propagation, and fields form
a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave whose
wave impedance is equal to the intrinsic
impedance of the medium.
• Average power density

• Radiated power

• Radiation resistance
• Radiation intensity:

• Maximum radiation intensity occurs at 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎°

• Directivity:

• Maximum effective aperture:


Linear wire antenna
2- Small (short) dipole

• Small dipole has length 𝜆/50 < 𝑙 ≤ 𝜆/10


• Current distribution is triangular variation.

𝒛
𝑰𝟎 𝟏 + , −𝑯 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝟎
𝑯
𝑰=൞ 𝒛
𝑰𝟎 𝟏− , 𝟎≤𝒛≤𝑯
𝑯

where 𝐻 = 𝑙/2
• Far field region (𝒌𝒓 ≫ 𝟏):

• Wave impedance, directivity, and maximum


effective area of small dipole are the same as the
infinitesimal dipole.

• Radiation resistance of small dipole is one-fourth


𝟏
( ) of that obtained for infinitesimal dipole.
𝟒
Infinitesimal Dipole (𝒍 ≤ 𝝀/𝟓𝟎)
Small Dipole (𝛌/𝟓𝟎 < 𝒍 ≤ 𝝀/𝟏𝟎)
Image theory

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