Unit I – Windows Basics

1. Steps to Change Appearance of Windows:

Right-click on the desktop and select Personalize.

Change settings like background image, theme, colors, lock screen, fonts, and more.

You can also switch between Light and Dark mode.

Changes are automatically applied or can be saved by clicking "Apply."

2. Different Components of Windows Screen:

Desktop: The main working screen that contains icons and shortcuts.

Taskbar: Located at the bottom; shows open applications, system tray, and Start Menu.

Start Menu: Gives access to programs, settings, and shutdown options.

Icons: Small graphical representations of files, folders, or apps.

Notification Area: Shows system notifications, date/time, volume, and running background apps.

File Explorer: Used to browse files and folders.

Windows: Interface boxes that appear when applications are opened.

3. Main Purpose of Operating System and Task Manager:

Operating System (OS): Manages hardware and software resources; acts as a bridge between user
and computer.

Task Manager: Monitors running processes, shows CPU/memory usage, and can end unresponsive
tasks.

4. Control Panel (in Windows):

Allows users to manage hardware, software, system settings, user accounts, and more.

Examples: Add/Remove Programs, Change Display Settings, User Accounts, Network Settings.
5. Start Button:

Located on the taskbar.

Opens the Start Menu to access apps, settings, search, power options (shut down/restart).

6. Dialog Box and Its Types:

A dialog box is a small window that prompts the user for input or displays information.

Types of Dialog Boxes:

Message Box: Shows alerts or confirmations.

Input Box: Collects user input.

File Dialog: Allows users to select or save files.

7. Difference Between Hardware and Software:

Hardware: Physical parts of a computer (e.g., keyboard, monitor, CPU).

Software: Set of instructions or programs that run on hardware (e.g., Windows OS, MS Word).

8. Comparison: Windows 7, 8, 10, and 11

9. Spelling and Grammar:

MS Word checks spelling and grammar automatically.

Errors are underlined: red for spelling, blue/green for grammar.

Use Review > Spelling & Grammar to correct mistakes.

10. Macros in Mail Merge:

Macros are small programs that automate repetitive tasks.

In Mail Merge, macros can automate inserting fields, formatting, or generating multiple documents.

Useful for large-scale mailings.

11. Text Alignment and Indentation:

Alignment: Left, Centre, Right, and Justify (found in the Home tab).

Indentation: Adjust space between text and page margin using rulers or Paragraph settings.

Indents can be: First line, Hanging, Left, or Right.

12. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mail Merge:

Advantages:

Saves time when sending the same letter to many people.

Personalizes each copy using names and addresses.

Reduces errors and improves consistency.

Disadvantages:

Setup can be time-consuming initially.

Errors in the data source can lead to wrong outputs.

Page Colour: Go to Design > Page Colour and choose a colour.

Page Numbers: Insert from Insert > Page Number.

Borders: Go to Design > Page Borders.

Watermark: Use Design > Watermark to insert predefined or custom watermarks.

14. Difference Between Endnote and Footnote:

Footnote: Appears at the bottom of the page where the reference is made.

Endnote: Appears at the end of the document.

Both are used for referencing sources.

15. Steps to Print a Document in Word:

Click File > Print or press Ctrl + P.

Choose printer, number of copies, and pages to print.

Click Print.

16. SmartArt Graphics:

Visual representation of information (like flowcharts, lists, processes).

Found in Insert > SmartArt.

Used to improve visual appeal and understanding of content.

17. Different Types of Relationships in MS Access:

One-to-One: Each record in Table A has one matching record in Table B.

One-to-Many: A record in Table A can relate to many in Table B.

Many-to-Many: Many records in one table relate to many in another (requires a junction table).

18. Types of Keys:

Primary Key: Unique identifier for each record in a table.

Foreign Key: Field in one table that links to the Primary Key in another table.

Composite Key: Combines two or more fields to create a unique identifier.

19. Components of MS Access:

Tables: Store data in rows and columns.

Queries: Ask questions of the data.

Forms: Interface for entering and viewing data.

Reports: Print-friendly format of the data.

Macros: Automate repetitive tasks.

Modules: Contain code (VBA) for advanced automation.

20. Types of Data Types:

Short Text: Up to 255 characters.

Long Text: Large blocks of text.

Number: Numeric values.

Date/Time: Date and time values.

Currency: Financial data.

Yes/No: Boolean values.

OLE Object: Images and documents.

Hyperlink: Web addresses.

21. Explain the Following:

Forms: Used to create a user-friendly interface for data entry and viewing.

Query: Retrieves specific data based on criteria.

Report: Summarizes data in a printable format.

22. Explain Ethical Consideration of Data:

Data should be handled responsibly and securely.

Key ethics:

Respect user privacy.

Maintain data confidentiality.

Ensure accuracy and avoid misuse.

Obtain user consent before collecting data.

23. Different Types of Functions in Excel:

Mathematical Functions: SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, ROUND.

Logical Functions: IF, AND, OR, NOT.

Text Functions: CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT, LEN, LOWER, UPPER.

Date & Time Functions: NOW, TODAY, DATE, DAY, MONTH.

Lookup & Reference: VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH.

24. How to Create a Chart in Excel:

Enter your data in rows/columns.

Select the data range.

Go to Insert > Charts and select the desired chart type (e.g., Pie, Line, Bar).

Customize the chart title, axis labels, colours, etc.

25. How to Apply Filter in Excel:

Select the data range.

Go to Data > Filter.

Click the dropdown arrow in a column header to filter specific values.

26. Explain Merge, Wrap, and Format Painter:

Merge Cells: Combines multiple cells into one.

Wrap Text: Fits long text within a cell by breaking it into lines.

Format Painter: Copies formatting from one part of the sheet to another.
27. How to Create Table in Excel:

Enter data in rows and columns.

Select the range.

Go to Insert > Table, check “My table has headers,” and click OK.

28. How to Protect a Sheet in Excel:

Go to Review > Protect Sheet.

Set a password and choose what actions are allowed (like selecting cells, editing, etc.).
 Unit V – PowerPoint

29. Different Types of Views in PowerPoint:

Normal View: Default editing mode.

Slide Sorter View: View all slides as thumbnails for easy rearranging.

Reading View: View the presentation in windowed mode.

Slide Show View: Full-screen mode for presenting.

Notes Page View: View slide with speaker notes.

30. How to Insert a Table and Graph in PPT:

Go to Insert > Table or Insert > Chart.

Choose the number of rows/columns or chart type.

Enter data into the mini Excel sheet that appears.

31. Different Types of Slide Layouts:

Title Slide, Title and Content, Section Header, Two Content, Comparison, Picture with Caption, etc.

32. How to Apply Transition and Animation in PPT:

Transitions: Effects between slides – Go to Transitions > Choose Effect.

Animations: Effects within a slide – Go to Animations > Add Animation.

Use Animation Pane to customize timing and order.

33. Explain Rehearse Timing and Slide Show:

Rehearse Timings: Allows you to set how long each slide stays on-screen.

Slide Show: Presents slides in full-screen mode – Go to Slide Show > From Beginning or press F5.
34. Advantages of PowerPoint Presentation:

Visually engaging.

Easy to use.

Allows integration of multimedia (images, audio, video).

Ideal for teaching, training, and business presentations.

Supports presenter notes and timing.