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The document outlines key concepts in management and health laboratory management, emphasizing the importance of planning, organization, and communication in achieving healthcare goals. It details the structure of laboratory services in Ethiopia, safety protocols, and quality assurance measures to ensure accurate diagnostics. Additionally, it highlights challenges such as infrastructure limitations and the need for continuous training and supply chain improvements.

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8 views3 pages

QA

The document outlines key concepts in management and health laboratory management, emphasizing the importance of planning, organization, and communication in achieving healthcare goals. It details the structure of laboratory services in Ethiopia, safety protocols, and quality assurance measures to ensure accurate diagnostics. Additionally, it highlights challenges such as infrastructure limitations and the need for continuous training and supply chain improvements.

Uploaded by

mlskennam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Introduction to Management (Ch.

1)

 Definition: Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling


resources to achieve goals.
 Principles:
o SMART objectives (Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound).
o Division of labor, efficient resource use, unity of command, delegation.
 Functions: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting
(POSDCORB).

2. Health Laboratory Management (Ch. 2)

 Role of Labs:
o Support diagnosis, treatment, disease surveillance, and resource allocation.
o Critical for epidemics (e.g., malaria, TB, HIV).
 Training: Competency-based programs to reduce errors (e.g., misdiagnoses, equipment
damage).
 Code of Conduct: Ethics include confidentiality, patient dignity, and professional
integrity.

3. Laboratory Organization (Ch. 3)

 Hierarchy in Ethiopia:
o Community (Health Center) Labs: Basic tests (malaria, anemia, parasitology).
o District Labs: Referrals, training, and supervision.
o Regional/Referral Labs: Specialized tests (bacteriology, serology).
o Central Lab (EHNRI): Research, national standards, reagent production.
 Lab Design:
o Safety features (ventilation, chemical-resistant floors, emergency exits).
o Space for workflow (specimen reception, processing, storage).

4. Communication (Ch. 4)

 Key Skills:
o Written: Legible reports, standardized forms.
o Verbal: Clear instructions to clinicians/patients.
o Non-verbal: Professional demeanor.
 Guidelines: Clarity, relevance, and feedback loops.

5. Laboratory Policies (Ch. 5)

 Specimen Handling: Labeling, transport, and rejection criteria.


 Turnaround Time: Prioritize emergencies (e.g., CSF for meningitis).
 Record Keeping: Track tests, errors, and workload for audits.
6. Resource Management (Ch. 6)

 Time: Schedules, rosters, and emergency plans.


 Equipment/Supplies:
o Procurement: Budget alignment, supplier certification.
o Storage: Expiry tracking (e.g., reagents, controls).
o Maintenance: Calibration logs, repair protocols.

7. Laboratory Safety (Ch. 7)

 Hazards:
o Physical: Burns, cuts, electric shocks.
o Chemical: Toxins (cyanide), flammables (ether).
o Biological: Pathogens (HIV, hepatitis).
 Prevention:
o PPE (gloves, lab coats), no mouth pipetting, biohazard labeling.
o Safety committees and regular training.

8. Quality Assurance (QA) (Ch. 8)

 Definition: Ensures accurate, timely, and relevant results.


 Components:
o Pre-analytical: Patient ID, specimen collection.
o Analytical: SOPs, internal controls.
o Post-analytical: Reporting, interpretation.
 Accuracy vs. Precision:
o Accuracy: Closeness to true value.
o Precision: Reproducibility of results.

9. Quality Control (QC) (Ch. 9)

 Internal QC: Daily controls (e.g., pooled sera).


 External QC (EQA): Inter-lab comparison to detect bias.
 Test Metrics:
o Sensitivity: True positive rate.
o Specificity: True negative rate.
o Predictive Values: PPV/NPV vary with disease prevalence.

10. Challenges in Ethiopia

 Infrastructure: Limited space, unreliable power/water.


 Training: Need for continuous upskilling.
 Supply Chain: Reagent shortages, equipment maintenance.
Key Themes:

 Standardization: SOPs, lab design, and reporting.


 Safety Culture: PPE, hazard mitigation.
 Quality Focus: QA/QC to reduce diagnostic errors.

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