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Fibonacci Talk IPK

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence, introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Fibonacci, which is formed by adding the two previous terms, starting with 1 and 1. It also explains the Golden Ratio, an irrational number approximately equal to 1.618, which arises from the ratio of consecutive Fibonacci numbers and has various properties and applications. Additionally, the document touches on related concepts such as Pascal's Triangle and the significance of these mathematical ideas in nature and other fields.

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Imran Parvez Khan
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Fibonacci Talk IPK

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence, introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Fibonacci, which is formed by adding the two previous terms, starting with 1 and 1. It also explains the Golden Ratio, an irrational number approximately equal to 1.618, which arises from the ratio of consecutive Fibonacci numbers and has various properties and applications. Additionally, the document touches on related concepts such as Pascal's Triangle and the significance of these mathematical ideas in nature and other fields.

Uploaded by

Imran Parvez Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rawalpindi Women University

Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden


Ratio

Imran Parvez Khan


March 11, 2025
Introduction
Fibonacci
Leonardo de Fibonacci was an Italian Mathematician who lived from 1170 to 1250 AD.
He was not only a great mathematician of his times, but was also instrumental in
spreading the use of Arabic number system that is in use today.

Figure: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomaspray/2011/08/13/
fibonacci-analysis-master-the-basics/#1da6d16b5a4d 2/14
Introduction

Sequence
A sequence is an ordered collection of numbers. For example, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . . .

Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci sequence is the sequence such that the new term is obtained by adding the
previous two terms. The initial first two terms of the sequence are 1 and 1.

Few terms of the Fibonacci Sequence


1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,. . .

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Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

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Introduction

Fibonacci Number
A number that appears in the Fibonacci sequence is called a Fibonacci number.

Formal definition
If f1 = 1 is the first term in the Fibonacci sequence, and f2 = 1 is the second term,
then fn = fn−1 + fn−2 for n ≥ 3. When a term of the sequence is obtained using the
previous terms, then such a definition is called a recursion rule.

Golden Ratio
The ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers is an irrational number called the
Golden Ratio.

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Golden Ratio
The Golden Ratio
The golden ratio is found to be
√
1+ 5
ϕ= ≈ 1.618.
2
There are many ways to derive this number.
Properties
Both Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio have many interesting properties.
Reciprocal of the Golden Ratio
√
1 2 −1 + 5
= √ = = ϕ − 1 ≈ 0.618.
ϕ 1+ 5 2
Golden Ratio is a unique number that differs from its reciprocal by one.
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Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio is not limited to Fibonacci Sequence only. It is amusing that if we use
the same recursion relation, then no matter what two initial terms we begin with (and
whatever the sequence turns out to be), the ratio between two consecutive terms will
always be 1.618.
Example
f1 = 4, f2 = 6, f3 = 10, f4 = 16, f5 = 26, f6 = 42, f7 = 68, f8 = 110, f9 = 178,
f10 = 288, . . .
Check
6 10 16 26 42
= 1.5, = 1.67, = 1.6, = 1.625, = 1.615,
4 6 10 16 26
68 110 178 288
= 1.619, = 1.617, = 1.618, = 1.618, . . . .
42 68 110 178
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Golden Ratio: A Geometric Definition

Golden Rectangle
Find a number x such that the rectangle with sides x − 1 and 1 is similar to the
rectangle obtained by juxtaposing this rectangle with a square of side 1.

Derivation of the Golden Ratio


short side x−1 1
By definition of similar rectangles, long side = 1 = x−1+1 or x 2 − x − 1 = 0 or
√
1+ 5
x= 2 ≈ 1.618.

1 1

x −1 1

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Golden Ratio in Stock Market

Figure: www.perkins.org/resource/activity-reading-line-charts-show-stock-market-data/ 9/14


Elliott Wave Principle

Figure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_wave_principle 10/14


Pascal’s Triangle
Formal definition
Pascal’s triangle is a triangular arrangement of numbers that gives the coefficients of a
binomial expansion such as (x + y )n , where x, y are variables and n is a non-negative
number.

Figure: https://www.nagwa.com/en/explainers/375149213251/ 11/14


Pascal’s Triangle and Fibonacci Numbers

Figure: https://www.mathsisfun.com/pascals-triangle.html

12/14
Thanks!

IPK Institute
Whats App: 0330 6117711
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: facebook.com/ipkinstitute
Ways to Climb a Staircase

Figure: Coursera course on Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio

14/14
Counting the Rabbit Population

Figure: https://quantdare.com/the-magic-of-fibonacci-numbers/
14/14

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