Drilling and Boring Machines: Classifications

and Specifications

This document provides an overview of drilling and boring machines, detailing their general
classifications, specifications, and principles of operation. It covers various types of drilling
machines, including sensitive drilling machines, radial drilling machines, and table-type
drilling machines, as well as horizontal boring machines. Additionally, it discusses the
operations associated with drilling machines, such as drilling, reaming, tapping, counter
boring, countersinking, and trepanning.

Classification and Operations of Drilling and Boring Machines

Overview of
Drilling and
Boring
Machines

Classification Machine
of Machines Operations

Sensitive Radial Table-Type Horizontal Drilling Reaming

Drilling Drilling Drilling Boring
Machine Machine Machine Machine

Tapping Counter Countersinking Trepanning

Boring

General Classifications of Drilling and Boring

Machines
Drilling and boring machines can be classified based on their design, functionality, and
application. The main classifications include:

1. Sensitive Drilling Machines: These are lightweight machines designed for precision
drilling in small workpieces. They are operated manually and are ideal for small-scale
production.
 Sensitive Drilling Machines

Description Usage
Lightweight Ideal for small-
machines for scale production
precision drilling. tasks.

Operation
Operated manually
for small
workpieces.

2. Radial Drilling Machines: These machines feature a radial arm that can swing around a
vertical column, allowing for drilling at various angles and positions. They are suitable
for larger workpieces and can handle multiple operations.

Radial Drilling Machine

Pros Cons

Versatile
Requires space
positioning

Multiple
Higher cost
operations

Suitable for
large Complex setup
workpieces
 Understanding Radial Drilling Machines

Radial Arm
Multiple Allows swinging
around a vertical
Operations column
Efficient for
diverse tasks

Vertical
Column
Large
Workpieces Provides stability
and support
Suitable for
handling
substantial
materials

Versatility
Capable of drilling
at various angles

3. Table-Type Drilling Machines: These machines have a fixed table that supports the
workpiece. They are versatile and can be used for various drilling operations, including
tapping and reaming.
 Table-Type Drilling Machine

Pros Cons

Versatile Fixed table

Limited
Stable support
mobility

Multiple
operations

Achieving Precision in Drilling

Fixed Table Versatile Drilling

Support Capabilities
Provides stable base for Enables multiple drilling
accurate drilling tasks with one machine.
operations.

Tapping Functionality Reaming Functionality

Allows for threading holes with Enhances hole accuracy and
precision and ease. surface finish quality.
 4. Horizontal Boring Machines: Unlike traditional drilling machines, horizontal boring
machines are designed for larger and heavier workpieces. They provide high precision
and are used for boring large holes and machining complex shapes.

Horizontal Boring Machines: Features and Applications

Design Characteristics Applications

Large Workpieces Boring Large Holes

Horizontal
High Precision Machining Complex Shapes
Boring
Machines

Horizontal Boring Machine

Pros Cons

Heavy and
High precision
bulky

Suitable for Requires

large significant
workpieces space
Machining
complex Higher cost
shapes
Principle of Working

Sensitive Drilling Machine

The sensitive drilling machine operates on the principle of applying manual pressure to the
drill bit. The operator controls the feed rate, allowing for precise drilling in small materials.
The machine typically features a lightweight design, making it easy to maneuver.

Sensitive Drilling Machine Operation

Operator
Applies
Manual
Pressure

Drill Bit
Engages
Material

Feed Rate
Controlled
by Operator

Precise
Drilling
Achieved

Lightweight
Design

Radial Drilling Machine

The radial drilling machine operates by rotating the drill bit while the workpiece remains
stationary. The radial arm can be adjusted to various angles, enabling drilling at different
positions. This flexibility makes it suitable for larger and irregularly shaped workpieces.
 Radial Drilling Machine Operation

Drill at Suitable for

Rotate Drill Stationary Adjust
Start Various Large
Bit Workpiece Radial Arm
Angles Workpieces

Table-Type Drilling Machine

In table-type drilling machines, the workpiece is placed on a fixed table, and the drill bit is
lowered into the material. The machine can be equipped with various attachments for
different operations, providing versatility in manufacturing processes.

Table-Type Drilling Machine Operations

Standard
Drilling
Operation
Workpiece Drill Bit Attachments
Placement Lowering Available?
Enhanced Increased
Operations Versatility

Horizontal Boring Machine

Horizontal boring machines utilize a horizontal spindle to perform boring operations. The
workpiece is secured on a table, and the machine can move the spindle in multiple
directions, allowing for precise boring of large holes.
 Mechanisms of Precision Boring

Horizontal Spindle Workpiece Table

Spindle moves Secures workpiece firmly
horizontally for accurate for stable machining
boring operations. process.

Multi-Directional Movement
Allows spindle to move in multiple directions easily.

Drilling Machine Operations

Drilling machines are capable of performing several operations, including:

• Drilling: The primary operation where a rotating drill bit creates a hole in the
workpiece.
• Reaming: This operation enlarges and smoothens the drilled hole to achieve a precise
diameter and finish.
• Tapping: Tapping involves creating internal threads in a hole, allowing for the insertion
of screws or bolts.
• Counter Boring: This operation creates a flat-bottomed hole, allowing for the head of
a screw or bolt to sit flush with the surface.
• Countersinking: Similar to counter boring, countersinking creates a conical hole to
accommodate the head of a screw, allowing it to sit flush with the surface.
• Trepanning: This specialized drilling operation removes a core from the workpiece,
creating a larger hole without generating excess material.
 Drilling Machine Operations and Their Functions

Countersinking Trepanning

Conical Holes Core Removal

Flush Screw Heads Larger Holes

Drilling Reaming

Rotating Drill Bit Precise Diameter

Drilling
Hole Creation Surface Finish
Machine
Operations
CREATED

Tapping Counter Boring

Internal Threads Flush Screw Heads

Screw Insertion Flat Bottom

CREATED BY: @VAIBHAV KUMAR PRAJAPATI