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PHYS PROJECT

The experiment aims to investigate how temperature affects the strength of a magnet, hypothesizing that colder temperatures will result in stronger magnetic force. The procedure involves measuring the number of paperclips attracted to a magnet at different temperatures, with observations indicating that cold temperatures increase magnetism while heat decreases it. The conclusion emphasizes that extreme temperatures can destabilize the magnetic properties of materials.

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8 views

PHYS PROJECT

The experiment aims to investigate how temperature affects the strength of a magnet, hypothesizing that colder temperatures will result in stronger magnetic force. The procedure involves measuring the number of paperclips attracted to a magnet at different temperatures, with observations indicating that cold temperatures increase magnetism while heat decreases it. The conclusion emphasizes that extreme temperatures can destabilize the magnetic properties of materials.

Uploaded by

vermadiya514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVE

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS EXPERIMENT IS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT


OF TEMPERATURE ONTHE STRENGTH OF A MAGNET

HYPOTHESIS

It is believed that the colder the magnet, thestronger the magnetic


orce. Graphically, the resultswill resemble an exponential curve,
with magneticorce decreasing as temperature increases. Our
independent variable is temperature. Our dependent variable is
magnetism; this will be calculated using the amount o paperclips
that the magnet is able to collect at each measured temperature
MATERIAL REQUIRED
•Safety glasses
•3-4 permanent bar magnets
• Tongs For magnet
•Ice
Water
•Insulating container
• Three strong bowls
•Small pot
•Burner For heating water or oven
Paper clips
INTRODUCTION
Magnets are frequently used in daily like. For example, magnets are
used in manufacturing, entertainment, security, and they play a
crucial role in the functioning of computers. Even the earth itself is
a magnet. A magnet is any object that produces a magnetic
field . Some magnets, referred to as permanent, hold their
magnetism without an external electric current. A magnet of this
nature can be created by exposing a piece of metal containing iron
to a number of situations (i.e. repeatedly jarring the metal,
heating to high temperature). Soft magnets, on the other hand, are
those that lose their magnetic
chargeproperties over time. Additionally, paramagnetic objects are
those that can become magnetic only when in the presence of an
external magnetic field .A magnetic field is the space surrounding a
magnet in which magnetic force is exerted. The motion o
negatively charged electrons in the magnet determines not only the
polarity, butal so the strength o the magnet (Cold
magnet). Magnets are flled with magnetic lines o orce . Theselin
es originate at the north pole o the magnet and continue
tothe south pole. The north pole is positive. Magnetic lines oorc
e do not intersect
one another. Magnetism is created by the alignment o smalldoma
ins within a specifc set o metal. These domains function as all
atoms do, thus the temperature affects the movement. The
higher the heat, the greater the energy, and as such the movement
o the particles. In contrast, cold temperature slows the movement
(magnetic Field Strength and Low Temperatures). Slower movement
leads to more fixed directions in terms o the
domains. In the 1800’s, Pier4re Curie discovered that there existsa
temperature at which objects that were
previouslypermanently magnetic lose this characteristic . Thetempe
rature at which this demagnetization occurs is called the
“Curie point”.

THEORY
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.
This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most
notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other
ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other
magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is
magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An
everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a
refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also
the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called
ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt,
some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring
minerals such as lodestone. Although ferromagnetic (and
ferrimagnetic) materials are the only ones attracted to a magnet
strongly enough to be commonly considered magnetic, all other
substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several
other types of magnetism
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically "soft"
materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not
tend to stay magnetized, and magnetically "hard" materials, which
do. Permanent magnets are made from "hard" ferromagnetic
materials such as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to special
processing in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture, to
align their internal microcrystalline structure, making them very
hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain
magnetic field must be applied, and this threshold depends on
coercivity of the respective material. "Hard" materials have high
coercivity, whereas "soft" materials have low coercivity
PROCEDURE

1. take paperclips and a magnet


2. take the magnet inside cold water so that its temp decreases
than normal temp
3. sprinkle paper clips around it and count the no. of paper clips
attached
4. repeat the same steps with the hot water now
5. record the observation in observation table

OBSERVATION TABLE
S.NO. CONDITION PINS ATTACHED
1 normal 14
2 Cold 23
3 Hot 10
CONCLUSION

Magnetic materials should maintain a balance between


temperature and magnetic domains (the atoms’ inclinationto s
pin in a certain direction). When exposed to extremetemperat
ures, however, this balance is destabilized; magnetic
properties are then affected. While cold strengthens magnets,
heat can result in the loss of magnetic properties. In other
words , too much heat can completely ruin a magnet.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.icbse.com
www.sciencebuddies.com
www.technopedia.com
www.wikipedia.com
NCERT Physics book
www.howmagnetswork.com

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