MULTI VARTABLE CALCULS

Jopics Intcducton to a functíon ofo seveal vanialoles

Jacolbian and ts pperties, turnctional deperderce
maxima Emioima d tunctior oith two varia bes
iaqangeimu tipliex methad.
Functions seveal vanialde In many ases, one
uanty may deperds in the ania tion't two (a)mie
Vaiadds.
Fq The
The anea of Yoom, which s
avecbngk consiting d
three vanialbe(lengts -d, bicadth -b, helght=h)
Partial teventat'on pantal dtkrenta tion is used when
the qivern funcion s a function ot two 8) mae
Vaiaes.
To tnd the at ochange ínhe funckion t eoch
and eNery vaia lblewe use pantial deventation.
t Cy) be a functon of to vanables only
and the pantal derivative ot toxy) wt to is
denoted lo t a) 3f and it is denotedl aß
t

Similanly pontally deithe wrt toy is denote as

Oyysy18y)-toay)
’d and tiaher öldky lpontied deri vatives

G)

) 0))
pud

kaqet,))
xo)
Be
+
hyo (o+

SH1 SHG=
Ro.ze
 CcnneCted n

**ytz'to theno Prove that

u+u

Síi lanly ou
s2GHyts)*ty42)
+0u

Jacoloian t transtaationt
corkt one
Detinatont In dey to are using
of co-Öoenates we
in to anothey System
determinat is called Taco loian of
dekiminant Ths h
Toorsfolmation
’ It uçv ane tunctions ot two independentepect
varialbks
to xç
X and y then Jacolsian of u,v with
 d(u,v)
and .s aretnch
’ If u,v an unctions of tps
then

prolblems aooians Tnmation

1t zu(-v) 4=uv psove that 7-T=
Sg Given
deferentatet Tt uÇ
pantay

u(-v)+ uV
= U-UVtuV
qrs

=n h+X

he
ne

e he

(B+)
2I u=atytz,uVEytz uvwe z show that at
ol Given

uV-Vw Cfrom0)
Also

=Vwj w

34

|1-V
V-Vw u-wu OuV

Vw
 4?

wthen fd D(uv,w)
¬iven u=2
V

+7 ( 13

)
4 zt= Soecest show th
= tsíne.

qven sine cos ycsine-sing 3Os0

Sine-síng xcoso sn¢

Cose
trom column Ttake out common e from celum
ISine an be Ccommon

d3)jsíne caso cose cast -sino|

D(e.4) áne- síng caso sin
cose

osine(sino ros(ßine cos) -cos cosp(-cose cos

-sin¢ (sino sing-cose sinp)

oino) (cose( siootcose) + sinoso+gnt)

 t =COSe ssne thenfind de) also
show that do,e)
e)
Given 7=síne
Squaning on both Sides of ea 0 sa

Sing
tang=

Pantially deentiate

-COSo

-asíne
(coSe
Sine

Pantially dif
 X

fuoctorak deperence t
Let u-ta) veg)ae two gíven dfental
aialdes 4. Suppose thee tunctos ae Comeck loy
aTelatn f ato thin we suy that ugy unctinally
depertet on bne anothen. 1f he parttal devati
U uy i.Vy net all teo at a time.
the tunctions uçv of the inde
ae functorally dependent then perdent variabe 1
the acoban N)
tanihes (eual toze) Sinilonly the knctlons uveV, w
ct the inkperdent voaldesa2 are
deperdent hen duVy) tunctioraly
 G

ane
Aunctonally deperndent so, find the sebtion betwen
them.
Given uE 2*-33

utV 27y1S t27-y

4%-24+3
ctV 2e-yt)
utv 2 w
, Vetant)t tan y) fod uiv Henco
Piove that usv an kunct'onaly dpendent, andalio
fod the elation betuenthem,
 (

Sirilny (
lt

:. uçv ae funotional dependent.

V= tanttary
V= tan(t

C)
Ju= tanV
3 Pove that u= Ntyt3 V=
fnctionally dependent and ind he elation btud
them.

24
 and tho lll -ame tey
Connertio i

-(eya9)
*ey')-sn)
+23y-9i73
eÇv ane functonl dkpendent

w=ttytaJ-(4Y2tiz)
maxima and minima o functions oith t vauaae s
fnd the maxima s minima oahuncion cf too vara
To
-oles fxy) poceed asfollowS;
0 Find t sDf ard eauiate each to zeYo ie, E-0;
o-Sohe these eqs fa eyet yb) a,2, by).
be the pairs ot statoraypoints
() find the values of zm=0+ ;n=04at
coch statirary pont
Gi) zt lo-moand A>o at (a,b) then fa)
will hav mirimum at the (a,b)
(G T4 in-m0 and koat b) then foy) oill hne
mazímum at the a,,o)
It lo-mo at a bi) no conc lu sion Can be da wn
alcout maxima fminima and needs further investiga
vi)I An<o at ab) the tla,b) iS not an eteme
nitheiY maimum no a mnimun
Va ue ie, their is
at ailo in this Cae at ar b) is Cal led Sadd le point
 maximun andminimum vaues of atysa
tFiod the 3
Sol het

-6%

c-3a

y' a 2

tay=0

Stationayponi
9t (o,o)
..kn--4a<o
is a sadi oint
.. (o,o)

=27aoel-6a
fox)is minimum at aa
I4 ao then l>o4 ) iis mazimum at (a
I aco hen leo
aiccus th maaima ond minina teca9)=413
Given

37734-6%

uohen then ea 30
whenyo then e g16x0
.statioryy poines are (o.) Qo) (t)
l=6r-6) e6yi67-6
At (o,o) ka-G ,mo ne6
lo- 36>0 ed=-6<0 value.
is the ma imu
.:.foo) 4
At (20) l=6:mcon6

:.400).co s the minimunm vale.

n-M 3640
not an eateme elu.
..4,£) s ytas+
minimum Vales f
Find mazinum and
 -a

Sulb caO we get

cas

Yco,a
Now yo ’ ?not pasioe.
..1t6
Now
y The exfemem poínt is (aa
minat a
have ManG)
tky) oill
(aa=2 mei; n-2
At
has minímun at aa)
t(ay)
miniun value-foa)=aas +as=at
The
4 It the sumof three numbeS S aConStant Prove tht
|thetr
eual!
Podeuct is
pduct i maimu when they
that heir s
-sof et ane an thee nuy 6os sach
S conStant

-YC-y*y'
 2

X=C

The statinan pont ism($)-c21

24
n=-2x

.An-mo_k=-2o
Their prouct is maimum a t )
To td valuesr

Cd the points on te Suntaa aeyt tht ave

Nanest to the oigin. surtface.
ay point on the
kt Play/3) be
 ket op=ly
Ushoald be minímum
Fyom

u 2
2 -2)

oo

statonasypoint are (oro)geo-)

:. The n--3>0;l=20
:.usminí mumat (oso,) E(orO, -D. to he ola
onthe Swrfaa 3 nearest
:The points
ne (oo,)0, o, -). (aty)
stationay points of uy)=sinasiny sin
6 Find theOCNLTT, ind theaimun Value ofu.
where Oly <
Sol. Given u sénn siny snta)
(*ty)tsinz cosey)
DAsíny(osx sin
=siny sin(2at)

- sínx Sinfety)
00sinz sin (1+yo
soluing eao we

A-2Sing cos(x4)
=2[ncos(+)
m= duu CoSr Sin(2y)+sn cog2y)
síney)
2
)

be
4
maimumat T)
..u BusU
maximumvalue ofus
ed ndetemned muttplien
taarcs nethed and mínime fo afounch'on
0 fnd the maxíme Connécked koy ( 3 )
here
be the qiven e of curve to
() Aet cuzos minimised Sabject to the Condio,
be manise (a)
Y
Fam a og ange's unction.
where Ais called te ag enger
is delrninÅ kbythe tolloo'ng
follou cenditions
ii) obtain the ea.

oain
these eaation 0,0 S6. wecan
the tationary
the vales o f 3 uhich voiIlgve
poitín foayis) e get thena
Sulbstitutng that
e
8) min valle.
Plemt that
Find the minimum vabue of atyt gen
et uty t204
*-a'zo
Con sides laqiangei tuncton.
Now
 2
-A

aHata'ra
valeof u=
minimum y3ven that
ninimemvalue of
find the
Eiven us

3
lagranget funet'on:
Considen the
fou) =utA¢
 these valesin xg3)
Substitetig
td
2

extemeoint (a,a,a)
.: The poSsibe
niníMum va lue eff= 3a ifSH4a
.. The ofus ySgt
the maimum Va lue
3 Find
Gíven usTY
=2t3 t43-a íanfunciorn.
Fölm the lagragi
F= utA-yztA (24 t 4 )
Fö gettir Statioran points eyuiate 3E to

Substitte yez in 2X4 3yt4za

. Statioray point ás
T0 find maximum valw,
Put n4 Values in u We

whichi
Find a point onthe plane3Yt e
Nanest to the aigin.
het porg a) bea po'nt on the gtven pbne.
oln
Then op a t y ,where ois he

mtt
Z=-Pu ap

Thus the maimun Valle is