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Controlled Multimedia Cloud Architecture And Advantages

Article in Advanced Computing An International Journal · March 2012

DOI: 10.5121/acij.2012.3204

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

CONTROLLED MULTIMEDIA CLOUD

ARCHITECTURE AND ADVANTAGES
SELVARAJ KESAVAN1, JEROME ANAND2, DR.J.JAYAKUMAR3

1RESEARCH SCHOLAR, KARUNYA UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU, INDIA.

[email protected]

2EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECT, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA, INDIA.

[email protected]

3ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPT OF EEE, KARUNYA UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE,

TAMILNADU, INDIA.
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is the next generation computing platform that offers many applications to the users in
seamless way and access the resources across the network without any boundary. Multimedia content
management and processing is among the important aspect of the cloud and it brings the advantages of
processing and delivering of Multimedia in the distributed environments. Cloud users are having interest
to access and share the media within the community by using the devices with limited capability. With
current cloud architecture, restrictive multimedia content access and processing within the cloud
community is not possible. To overcome this problem, we propose the private controlled cloud
architecture for the media which stores, processing and delivering the media content to the authenticated
clouders on the go. Also we captured some of the key advantages of this architecture over the existing
methods.

KEYWORDS
Streaming, Media cloud, mobility, Controlled cloud, clouders

1. INTRODUCTION
With the advent of cloud computing, users will have the flexibility to enjoy media content
anywhere in the world and at anytime. The consumer electronic devices influenced by the cloud
technology and deliver the state-of-art services to the users. The user just needs to purchase the
media content, store it in the cloud and the cloud does the rest. The cloud offers scalable,
dynamic resource allocation to the computing environments and abstracts the underlying
complexity.
Multimedia applications occupy the key space in the cloud and require consistent support from
cloud. Processing multimedia content such as Video, Audio, Image requires complex
hardware/software and intensive power requirements. Media applications such as streaming
DOI : 10.5121/acij.2012.3204 29
 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

from the cloud will act as an alternative for progressive downloads where the user needs to
maintain/store the media content. With the cloud maintaining the purchased data, the users will
have a burst of applications to play with. One such application is the streaming of media from
the cloud. The cloud takes care of processing/ streaming the media content and the end users
dummy client just renders it without the need of any high-end hardware. With all the
complexities hidden in the private cloud, the users of the cloud namely the clouders, just have
to play with the services that the cloud offers them without any hassles.
In the past, it was difficult for users to get on-demand streaming media services with jitter,
reliability, hardware/software processing capabilities and so on. This can be overcome by using
various cloud computing methodologies and services. The server in the cloud will take care of
the media content processing ranging from mixing, trans-coding and unifying streams from
various clouds and so on. The scope of this paper is to managing, controlling and sharing the
media across the community cloud and hence we call our cloud as the “media cloud” and the
way the users get access to the services from the private cloud is called as “clouding”.
In the current trend, multiple companies have started providing content management systems
over the cloud like Amazon EC2[7], Amazon Simple Storage Service, Google Music[8], Apple
Cloud service, streaming media cloud etc[1][5]. Cloud users can stream the media content and
listen the songs anytime with their computers or smart devices. There are also many new
applications coming up over the cloud and one of the interesting applications is the “cloud
drive” introduced by Amazon for music content usage [6].
The objective of this paper is to provide the platform for control and access the media services
with maximum utilization of resources and less user effort without much knowing the
underlying technology and complexity. The remaining of the paper is organized as follows
Section II briefs the related work carried out in this area. In Section III, we describe the
controlled private cloud system architecture, different media cloud services use cases and the
key advantages. Finally Section IV concludes the paper with scope of future work.

2. RELATED WORK
Cloud computing is the emerging computing platform , many research activities are performed
on different sections including platform security[14][15], cloud models[1][5][11], load
Balancing[18][19], resource management[20][21], and extend cloud to home[12].The various
cloud services ,use cases and key measurement metrics are defined in [1][2][5][10]. Private
cloud is a section of the large Public cloud restricted to only a group of users. These users may
range from big organizations to small family circle or communities. This model enables the
companies have more control over the data and environments.
With these private clouds in place, users will have controlled access to data. This we can call it
as the Controlled cloud. What this potentially means is that a super clouder is having an
unrestricted access to the private cloud can set restrictions for other users in the cloud similar to
IT administrators setting permissions for personal computers.
Media cloud is subsection of cloud paradigm, addresses the cloud infrastructure for various
multimedia services, processing requirement and QoS measurement. The article [13] covers the
cloud framework requirements and efficient computing models for multimedia applications.
Authors in [12] proposed the extension of the media sharing and control from home to cloud
computing. Cloud based multimedia services delivery on real time draws attention from many
researchers. Authors in [22] captured the challenges in delivering multimedia services over IP
network. Compare to the existing cloud framework model, our model proposes the following

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features: 1) the system model for controlled private cloud. 2) Analyse key media cloud services
suitable to this model and advantages.

3. CONTROLLED PRIVATE CLOUD

Controlled cloud based service provides the clouders with the data and processes being
managed within the Group or family without the restrictions of network bandwidth, security
and legal requirements that a public cloud service might encounter. It can impose tight control
mechanism over all or selected clouders. In addition, private cloud services offer the provider
and the user greater control of the cloud infrastructure, improving security and resiliency
because user access and the networks used are restricted and designated. Henceforth the
private cloud acts like a trusted cloud for a specific clouder community. It follows then, that
security and QoS are important concerns to the successful delivery of the service.
In the media space, the private cloud will be the single point of contact for the various clouds
where the clouder has bought his cloud service. For instance, if a clouder buys music content
from Amazon cloud service provider and a gaming application from Microsoft Corporation, he
can have access to both these clouds from a single private cloud which has the authenticity to
establish the connection with the other clouds.

With this private cloud in shape, the clouder can eliminate the use of thumb drives, cables for
media content access in a mobile player. Clouds also eliminate the need to transfer media
content across devices with the availability of single point of access.

3.1. The Private Cloud Architecture overview

The bird’s view of the private cloud can be shown as a segregation of three different layers with
the application layer interacting with the end-user (clouder). The Segregation comprises of

1. Application Layer
2. Native Processing Layer - the media core
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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

3. Platform layer
3.1.1. Application Layer
The application layer is like an Application Factory containing the different applications bought
by the clouder. It manages and maintains the services provided by the installed application. It
uses underlying native layer for computing and data storage. The Clouder accesses the service
through a set of well defined standard API’s.
Some of the core media services such as media streaming, video sharing and access media
content are hosted and managed in the Private Controlled Cloud.

Clouders (Smart Phone, Car Player etc...) End user

Open Standard API’s

Maa S (Media as a Service)

Multimedia Application Authentication Data Storage

Native
Framework Management mechanism
Processi
ng Layer
Device Management Utility service (Billing…..) ….
Media Rendering
(Graphics)

Hardware Abstraction Layer

Kernel /Operating System/Virtualization

Platform
Layer
Hardware

Figure 2 Private Cloud Layered

3.1.2. Native Processing Layer

Native processing layer is the core of the private cloud and it provides come of the basic
functionalities including
• Data storage – indexing and storing the application resources and meta
data.
• Authentication mechanism – Provides the basic and selected privileges to the Clouder
• Multimedia Framework – Middleware signal and media component to process
various multimedia functionalities such as streaming,
Audio, Video mixing, media content share etc..
• Application management – Monitor the status of the application component and its
resources etc ..
• Media Rendering – rendering of High resolution media content using the
complex high performance hardware’s of the cloud.
• Utility service – Metering the service users and extent in which it is used.

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

• Device management – management of multiple clouder’s with unique ID’s and

services based on the request and permission .

The Hardware Abstraction Layer has the platform dependent calls abstracted and mapped with
native processing layer functionalities. The function of the native processing layer is not only
limited to the media services as mentioned above. The layer can be further extended to other
application abstraction logic and we leave it to the reader’s imagination.

3.1.3. Platform Layer

The Platform layer is one of the critical aspects of the cloud architecture as it contains the
complex media processing hardware’s which the clouder doesn’t have access to. It contains the
Kernel, network capability, virtualization mechanism etc based in the hardware. It provides the
infrastructure for the cloud to facilitate the different media service such as middleware
computing, data processing, storage, decoding, rendering etc. for the media service that the
cloud offers.

The responsibilities of the platform layer includes but not limited to

• Hardware resources
• Scheduling/processing mechanism
• Virtualization mechanism
• Hardware media pre/post processing
• Synchronization, etc

3.2. Media clouds

The clouds maintaining the media content and which aids in presenting the content to the owner
of the cloud using media signaling protocols is the media cloud. For example the Media content
from the cloud can be streamed to dummy clients residing in car players/ smart phones etc. This
involves streaming of media content, synchronizing them, rendering the content and so on.
Almost all the processing is done over the cloud. With the clouds, it might be possible for the
users to share playlists, ratings, etc to the multiple clouders in the private cloud community.
Just like the social networking, the users of the cloud can interact with one another, share
content without redundant purchases and do lots more. The media cloud with the aid of
available streaming protocols like TCP, UDP, RTP, etc will stream the media content to the
dummy clients. Restrictions can be imposed on streaming the specified authenticated contents
using more proprietary protocols. This will enable the private cloud to stream contents in a
controlled environment without the risk of data compromise.
Streaming of media content from the cloud will involve buffering of data, decoding, rendering,
mixing and rating them over the standard set of APIs that the application provides. The cloud
takes care of the packetizing, profiling and so on based on the streaming protocols. With the
streaming application in scope, the private cloud provides the following in line with the basic
cloud computing architecture.
SaaS – Streaming media server; this we call it as MaaS (media as a service).
IaaS - The infrastructure needed to store the media content
PaaS – The hardware’s needed to decode the content and process it

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

3.3. Media cloud services

Multimedia refers to information presented in more than one format, such as text, audio,
speech, video, graphics, and images. In each of these formats there are a myriad of sub-formats
.With rapid changes and advances in the information technology, the increased usage of
multimedia services in mobile and automotive sectors is inevitable.
Various multimedia services such as multi-format Audio/Video playback, recorder, Image
Editor, streaming, VOIP, Mobile TV, Video telephony and DLNA are part of day to day life.
Economic globalization also fosters the spread of varied multimedia applications like

3.3.1. In-Vehicle Infotainment:

With Private clouds in place, in-vehicle infotainment over the cloud without client side
processing / storage becomes a possibility. Media content is streamed from the cloud to the car
media system which will act as a dummy client with basic media rendering capability. A
dummy Hands Free module (HFM) can be used in establishing voice based communication
with the cloud making the drivers life simpler.

3.3.2. Telematics
Telecommunication is possible using Hands Free Modules in the car systems to connect with
other users in the cloud without the need of a third party service provider. Push to talk over
cellular (PoC) and other fleet management systems also become a possibility with the advent of
private clouds. With each user of a private cloud registered to the cloud, both one to one and
multiple communications become possible through the cloud. This provides controlled access
of data amongst the cloud users.
Moreover, other use cases like multi-line, conferencing, dynamic call applications using any of
the different codec’s becomes a possibility within the cloud infrastructure.

3.3.3. IMS applications

Applications based on IP-Multimedia subsystem can be easily integrated into the cloud
architecture. Each clouder will be identified with a unique ID within the cloud subnet. (By the
clouder, we mean the end-user with a device access.) This becomes the crux for IMS
applications ranging from Voice/ Video over IP, Video Share, to the simple Push to talk
applications for fleet vehicles. This IMS architecture in conjunction with the telematics core
will make the cloud more users friendly in the near future.
The different multimedia applications can be mix and matched to deliver content to the users in
a more refined manner. For instance, the picture content can be edited before streaming to the
client using image editor software integrated to the cloud. VOIP, PTT services can be made to
include voice editing software at the clouds end without having the need of that complex
software’s at the client side. Some of the use cases and applications which can be integrated to
the private cloud are shown in the diagram below

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

VOIP/VVOIP
Image Editor RTSP/ HTTP

Media Cloud

DLNA VOD

Player/ Recorder

Figure 3 Media cloud Services

3.3.4. Cloud gaming

Complex and high end games can be integrated to the cloud and given access to the users. This
will enhance the existing gaming networks currently available. All the complex high-end
processing can be done over the cloud and the user provided with just the controls for the
games using client software and displaying the processed data to the client’s dummy terminals.

3.4. Media clouding

The media cloud can further be enhanced to network with multiple users and clouds much like
the social networking concept. This allows access of data content across multiple users and
across multiple clouds. This sharing of media content and access of the data by the user based
on web based queries is called as the media clouding.
The media clouds can form a network of clouds using gateways much like the home gateway of
different devices. This will involve registration, authentication and secured communication
among the clouds.

3.4.1. Cloud gateways

Cloud gateways are high end hardware’s which provide the authentication and registration
mechanism for the private cloud. They can be considered as modern day firewalls for the cloud.
The play a pivotal part in the clouding mechanism thereby aiding the private cloud owners
share data between the clouds in the controlled, safe environment. This conglomeration of the
private cloud and the gateway is described as the controlled cloud in the above sections.

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

Public cloud Public cloud

Private media
cloud

Cloud gateway

Public cloud

Figure 4 Cloud gateway

3.4.2. Load-balancing over the cloud

With the sharing of content between clouds, it would also be possible to share the workload
amongst the clouds. This will reduce the processing time in a particular cloud. Similar to the
load balancing concepts in the network routing technologies, we can have the cloud balance the
work load based on work weights and streaming requirements.
Now when it comes to sharing the media content to the user in conjunction with load sharing,
there can be many hazards posed to the media content to be streamed. Some of the key
challenges would involve delay in sharing data, synchronization of media data processed across
clouds and so on. More research and development needs to be done in this are to make the data
more readily available for the users.

3.5. Advantages of using the cloud

The private cloud offers a series of advantages for the different multimedia applications and
some of the critical ones are explained through the below sections

3.5.1 Standard Application Programming Interface

Using Private cloud architecture, we can provide the standard application programming
interfaces for the clouders and developers in need of the media contents in the cloud. This will
help to create a unique, standard programming model and avoid duplication of API’s for the
users who want to work on cloud computing architecture.

3.5.2. Data Storage

Private cloud elements interact with the public cloud for registering and receiving the services.
In case of a media service, once the Private cloud receives the media content/stream, it stores
the content in the private cloud. The private cloud also provides controlled delivery of the data
in a fast and efficient way from its local storage. Data indexing in addition to different
clouding logics is one of the key elements involved in providing fast access of media content
for the clouders.
Data Maintenance is also carried out at specific time intervals over the private cloud. This is
related to the server down time and it will lead to multiple complexities which are not covered
in this paper.

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

3.5.3. Strong Authentication Mechanism

Due to increasing user demands, there is an inevitable requirement to provide selective
permissions and authentication to clouders. It is not possible to have the controlled permission
for the clouders in the public Cloud. Private clouds enable the authentication to the clouders in
such a way that they can share and stream audio/video/image amongst themselves .Also it can
impose restricted permissions to selected clouders.
For example the children can view only selected media content and fully privileged access can
be given to other users.

3.5.4. Cost Effective solution

With the clouders not needing to maintain or purchase new hardware, the cost gets reduced as a
whole, as the single unified hardware/ software are shared across the clouders.

3.5.5. Network Bandwidth usage

Network bandwidth is one of the most critical factors for delivering media content with
acceptable QoS. The QoS for a specific media service is measured in terms of transit time
delay, error rate, synchronization, caching efficiency, response time etc. The Private cloud aids
in reducing the network bandwidth as it is isolated from the public cloud space. There can be
algorithms to minimize the resource usage between private and public cloud by unifying all the
private cloud user requests into one. The private cloud uses its own data space for storing the
media content, clouder’s gets service without any restriction of the bandwidth. The data also
will be less prone to the channel error with the usage of private clouds as a single point of
contact for multiple clouders of the same user space (community/ organization).

3.5.6. Dynamic Resource Allocation

The private cloud architecture enables the on-demand run time resource utilization based on the
type of service. For media services, the signaling and media components are used dynamically
to build the engine for various applications such as audio/video editing, video telephony, VOIP
etc.

3.5.7. Controllability
This paper provides insight on how the cars can be connected to the cloud. This would provide
a personalized touch to the cars which we use in our daily lives. With technologies and
software coming up, the cars might be controlled from an individual’s home. This will pave
way for more controlled applications in the field of electronics.

3.5.8. Common platform for multimedia applications

The private cloud architecture can pave way for a common base for the various multimedia
applications of the future where the processing is done at the cloud end. This can also provide
single stop facility for different networking architectures like circuit switched, mobile networks
and so on. This can be extended to IMS applications which will have the single base application
service platform for the various networks to converge to. This can be shown diagrammatically
in figure 5.
With this common platform in place, communication, data, quality etc can be extended from the
infrastructure as a service (IaaS) entity of the cloud topology. Hence Communication as a
service (CaaS), data as a service (DaaS) etc can grow from the usage of common cloud
platforms.

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 Advanced Computing: An International Journal ( ACIJ ), Vol.3, No.2, March 2012

VOIP/ POC Smart car

VVOIP

Iaas (infrastructure as a service)

Wired network Wireless network

Figure 5 Common platform support

3.6. Media clouding: Key Challenges

Some of the main challenge for the mobility of media content using the cloud involves data
reliability, network availability, load imbalance and data latency/ synchronization in case of
multiple media streams from different clouds. Also, if the media cloud processes the media
content before streaming, challenges in streaming the processed content to the dummy clients
using the existing streaming protocols will not be sufficient thereby calling for enhancements in
the streaming protocols

4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have analysed the multimedia content data processing and control problem for
the different multimedia cloud applications within the community. We propose the new model,
controlled private cloud architecture for sharing media content to the clouders and some of the
more exciting clouding multimedia applications possible in the near future. As more and more
clouders can join the cloud, media clouding will provide a range of applications in a controlled
environment. We have also discussed some of the extensive use cases and advantages of the
private cloud paving the way for further research and development. This paper will also aid in
further research and enhancement for the current streaming/ networking protocols in place for
the multimedia contents.

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