Unit 5 - Environmental legislation and sustainable practices

Article (48-A) and (51-A (g)) of Indian Constitution regarding

environment

1. Under which part of the Indian Constitution does Article 48-A fall?

A) Part III – Fundamental Rights

B) Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy
C) Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
D) Part VI – The States

2. What is the main objective of Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution?

A) To promote environmental awareness among citizens

B) To direct the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard
forests and wildlife
C) To establish national parks and wildlife sanctuaries
D) To penalize industries for polluting the environment

3. In which year was Article 48-A added to the Indian Constitution?

A) 1950
B) 1962
C) 1976
D) 2002

4. Article 51-A(g) is part of which section of the Indian Constitution?

A) Fundamental Rights
B) Directive Principles of State Policy
C) Fundamental Duties
D) Union List
5. According to Article 51-A(g), it is the duty of every citizen of India to:
A) Protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes,
rivers, and wildlife
B) Establish pollution control boards
C) Promote economic growth through industrialization
D) Enforce environmental laws through courts

6. Which Constitutional Amendment added Article 48-A and Article 51-A(g)?

A) 24th Amendment
B) 42nd Amendment
C) 44th Amendment
D) 73rd Amendment

7. Article 48-A places the responsibility of environmental protection on:

A) The Central Government only

B) The State Governments only
C) Both Central and State Governments
D) Private industries and corporate bodies

8. Which of the following is NOT directly related to Article 51-A(g)?

A) Planting trees and afforestation

B) Preventing pollution of rivers and lakes
C) Making laws on environmental protection
D) Promoting wildlife conservation

9. What is the significance of Article 51-A(g) in environmental protection?

A) It empowers citizens to enforce environmental laws

B) It imposes an obligation on every citizen to take care of the environment
C) It establishes penalties for environmental violations
D) It provides financial aid to environmental organizations
10. Which of the following laws in India aligns with the principles of Articles
48-A and 51-A(g)?

A) The Environment Protection Act, 1986

B) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
C) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974 D) All of the above

Environmental protection and prevention acts

1. The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in which year?

A) 1972
B) 1986
C) 1995
D) 2002

2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was enacted to:

A) Regulate the use of groundwater

B) Control water pollution and maintain water quality
C) Promote rainwater harvesting
D) Prevent marine pollution only

3. Under which Act was the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
established?

A) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

B) The Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974 D) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
4. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in:

A) 1974
B) 1981
C) 1986
D) 1994

5. Which of the following Acts focuses on the protection of forests and

wildlife?

A) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

B) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
C) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
D) Both A and C

6. The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 provides for the creation of which of the
following?

A) National Parks
B) Wildlife Sanctuaries
C) Biosphere Reserves
D) All of the above

7. Which Act regulates the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste
in India?

A) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

B) The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
1989 C) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
D) The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
8. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under which Act?

A) The Environmental Protection Act, 1986

B) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
C) The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
D) The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

9. The main objective of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is:

A) To increase timber production

B) To prevent deforestation and conserve forests
C) To promote afforestation on private lands
D) To regulate the sale of forest products

10. Which of the following statements about the Environment Protection Act,
1986 is NOT correct?

A) It gives the government authority to take measures to protect the

environment B) It was enacted after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy
C) It covers air, water, and land pollution
D) It exclusively focuses on water pollution

11. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 aims to:

A) Conserve biodiversity and regulate access to biological

resources B) Promote afforestation in urban areas
C) Prevent air pollution in industrial zones
D) Develop genetically modified crops
12. Which international event influenced the enactment of the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986?

A) The Rio Earth Summit, 1992

B) The Kyoto Protocol, 1997
C) The Stockholm Conference, 1972
D) The Bhopal Gas Tragedy, 1984

13. The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established under which
Act?
A) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
B) The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
C) The Environmental Protection Act, 1986
D) The Forest Conservation Act, 1980

14. Which Act provides legal protection to endangered species in India?

A) The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

B) The Environment Protection Act, 1986
C) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
D) The Forest Conservation Act, 1980

15. The main role of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is to:

A) Regulate environmental education

B) Monitor and control pollution in India
C) Protect endangered wildlife
D) Conduct afforestation programs
Green technologies like solar desalination, green architecture,
vertical farming and hydroponics, electric vehicles, plant
based packaging
Solar Desalination
1. What is the primary source of energy in solar
desalination? A) Wind energy
B) Solar energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Nuclear energy

2. Which of the following methods is commonly used in solar

desalination? A) Reverse osmosis
B) Multi-stage flash distillation
C) Solar still evaporation
D) Ultrafiltration

3. What is the main advantage of solar desalination over conventional

desalination methods?
A) Higher energy consumption
B) Uses non-renewable energy
C) Low carbon footprint and sustainability
D) Requires complex infrastructure

Green Architecture
4. Which of the following is a key feature of green
architecture? A) Excessive use of concrete
B) Maximizing energy efficiency and sustainability
C) Increasing artificial lighting
D) Using non-renewable materials
5. Which of the following certifications is associated with green
buildings? A) ISO 9001
B) LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) C) BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
D) FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

6. Which building material is considered most sustainable in green

architecture?
A) Plastic panels
B) Recycled wood and bamboo
C) Asbestos sheets
D) Non-recyclable concrete

Vertical Farming & Hydroponics

7. What is the main advantage of vertical farming?
A) Requires large land areas
B) Reduces water consumption and maximizes space
C) Depletes soil nutrients
D) Increases dependency on pesticides

8. Which technique is commonly used in hydroponics?

A) Soil-based agriculture
B) Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
C) Slash-and-burn farming
D) Crop rotation

9. How does hydroponics differ from traditional

farming? A) It requires soil for plant growth
B) It does not require water
C) It uses a nutrient-rich water solution instead of soil
D) It only works in outdoor environments

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

10. Which of the following is NOT a type of electric
vehicle? A) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
B) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
C) Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
D) Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV)

11. Which component is essential in an electric

vehicle? A) Carburetor
B) Lithium-ion battery
C) Diesel engine
D) Exhaust pipe
12. What is a key environmental benefit of using electric vehicles
(EVs)? A) Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
B) Increases air pollution

C) Uses more fossil fuels

D) Produces more noise pollution

Plant-Based Packaging
13. Which material is commonly used in plant-based
packaging? A) Plastic polymers
B) Biodegradable starch-based materials
C) Styrofoam
D) Aluminum foil
14. What is the main advantage of plant-based packaging?
A) Increases plastic waste
B) Non-biodegradable
C) Reduces dependence on petroleum-based plastics
D) Requires toxic chemicals for production

15. Which of the following is a sustainable alternative to plastic

packaging? A) Polystyrene
B) Mycelium-based packaging
C) PVC plastic
D) Microbeads

Role of information technology in environment protection and human

health

1. How does Geographic Information System (GIS) help in environmental

protection?
A) By providing real-time maps for navigation
B) By analyzing spatial data for environmental monitoring
C) By predicting financial market trends
D) By enhancing social media engagement

2. Remote sensing technology is primarily used for:

A) Monitoring deforestation and climate change

B) Enhancing gaming graphics
C) Improving internet speed
D) Storing data in cloud servers
3. How does IT contribute to sustainable waste management?

A) By increasing plastic production

B) Through smart waste collection and recycling management
systems C) By discouraging waste segregation
D) By promoting excessive use of landfills

4. Which of the following IT-based applications helps in tracking air pollution

levels?

A) GPS Navigation
B) Aarogya Setu
C) Air Quality Index (AQI) Monitoring Apps
D) E-commerce Websites

5. What is the role of cloud computing in environmental protection?

A) Reducing paper usage and enabling remote access to

data B) Increasing the carbon footprint of industries
C) Promoting deforestation
D) Encouraging excessive energy consumption
6. How does Artificial Intelligence (AI) support environmental

conservation? A) By promoting deforestation

B) By increasing greenhouse gas emissions

C) By replacing renewable energy sources
D) By predicting natural disasters and optimizing energy use
7. Internet of Things (IoT) technology contributes to smart environmental
management by:

A) Automating pollution monitoring and resource

management B) Encouraging illegal deforestation
C) Reducing the efficiency of renewable energy
D) Increasing air pollution

8. How can blockchain technology help in environmental protection?

A) By ensuring transparency in carbon credit trading

B) By increasing water pollution
C) By reducing the use of renewable energy
D) By promoting deforestation

9. How does IT help in human health monitoring?

A) By increasing dependence on physical medical records

B) By enabling telemedicine and wearable health
devices C) By restricting access to health data
D) By eliminating the need for healthcare professionals

10. Big Data analytics in healthcare is useful for:

A) Slowing down healthcare services

B) Increasing carbon emissions

C) Reducing patient access to medical records
D) Predicting disease outbreaks and improving medical research
11. Which IT-based tool is used for global climate monitoring?

A) Climate Prediction Models

B) Social Media Platforms
C) Online Banking Systems
D) Video Streaming Services

12. What is the main benefit of e-waste management systems using

IT? A) Encouraging the production of non-recyclable electronics

B) Increasing the dumping of electronic waste in landfills

C) Reducing electronic waste through tracking and recycling
programs D) Discouraging proper disposal of electronic waste

13. How does IT help in biodiversity conservation?

A) Through AI-powered wildlife monitoring and anti-poaching

systems B) By promoting habitat destruction
C) By discouraging data collection on endangered species
D) By reducing awareness about biodiversity

14. Which IT technology is used for early warning of natural disasters?

A) E-mail services
B) Online shopping apps
C) Entertainment streaming platforms
D) Weather forecasting models and satellite imaging

15. How does mobile health (mHealth) technology benefit human health?
A) By providing real-time health tracking and remote medical
consultation B) By increasing hospital wait times
C) By restricting access to medical
professionals D) By promoting unhealthy
lifestyles