Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

AMT 2204
AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND
AUXILIARY SYSTEM

PRELIM LEARNING MODULE 2

Aircraft Pressurization System

Prepared by:

Mr. Vince B. Ligan

INSTRUCTOR

1|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

COURSE LEARNIG TOPIC LEARNING MODULE LEARNING

OUTCOME OUTCOME OUTCOME

MLO1-Classify the
principles of Cabin
Pressurization Systems
and categorize different
Cabin Pressurization
System and its safety
CLO 1 To make features.
acquainted with the aircraft
environment and auxiliary MLO2-Asses and
system. categorize different
TLO 3 Discuss the
sources for aircraft
pressure on different
CLO 4 To inspect, check, pressurization for both
altitude.
troubleshoot, service, and Reciprocating and Gas
repair heating, cooling, air Turbine Engines.
conditioning, oxygen, and
pressurization systems and MLO3-Asses and
air cycle machines categorize different
sources for aircraft
pressurization;
independent cabin
compressors,
pressurization system
components

2|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

AICRAFT PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM INTRODUCTION 04

PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM 05

SOURCES OF PRESSURIZING 06

RECIPROCATING ENGINE 06

TURBINE ENGINE AIRCRAFT 07

AIR CYCLE MACHINE 08

ELECTRONIC REGULATORS AND OUTFLOW VALVE OPERATION 09

ACTIVITY/RESEARCH 11

3|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

TIMEFRAME: You should be able to complete this module

including all the self-assessments, research works,
assignments, and other performance tasks within 2.62 hours.

AICRAFT PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Cabin pressurization is a process in which conditioned air is
pumped into the cabin of an aircraft or spacecraft, in order
to create a safe and comfortable environment for
passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. For aircraft, this air is
usually bled off from the gas turbine engines at the compressor stage,
and for spacecraft, it is carried in high-pressure, often cryogenic tanks.
The air is cooled, humidified, and mixed with recirculated air if
necessary, before it is distributed to the cabin by one or
more environmental control systems. The cabin pressure is regulated
by the outflow valve.

4|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

AICRAFT PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEM

*PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM*
The air that forms our atmosphere allows people to live and breathe
easily at low altitudes, but flight is most efficient at high altitudes where
the air is thin and the aerodynamic drag is low. In order for humans to
fly at these altitudes, the aircraft must be pressurized and heated so
that it is comfortable for the aircraft occupants.

5|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

SOURCES OF PRESSURIZING
The pressurization of modern aircraft is achieved by directing air into
the cabin from either the compressor section of a jet engine, from a turbo
super charger, or from an auxiliary compressor.
RECIPROCATING ENGINE AIRCRAFT

When pressurization was first used, it was for large aircraft such as the
Lockheed Constellation and the Douglas DC-6. These large cabins
required great volumes of compressed air, and this was provided by a
positive displacement Roots-type compressor or by a variable
displacement centrifugal compressor driven by one of the engines.
Pressurization air for smaller piston-engine aircraft is provided by bleed
air from the engine turbochargers.

6|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

TURBINE ENGINE AIRCRAFT

The compressor in a turbine engine is a good source of air to pressurize
the cabin, and since this air is quite hot it is used to provide heat as well
as pressurization. Engine power is required to compress this air, and this
power is subtracted from that available to power the aircraft.
Compressor bleed air may be used directly, or it may be used to drive a
turbo compressor. Outside air is taken in and compressed, and then,
before it enters the cabin, it is mixed with the engine compressor bleed
air that has been used to drive the turbo compressor.
A jet pump flow multiplier can provide cabin pressurization air without
the complexity of the turbo-compressor. Compressor bleed air flows
through the nozzle of a jet pump at high velocity and produces a low
pressure that draws air in from the outside of the aircraft. The bleed air

7|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

and the outside air mix and flow into the cabin to provide the air needed
for pressurization.

Air Cycle Machines are used by many modern turbine-engine aircraft to

provide both pressurization and temperature control. Air Cycle
Machines use a clever application of the laws of physics to cool hot engine
bleed air. Boeing calls these systems "packs," an acronym for
pneumatic air conditioning kit, Thetheory and operation of air cycle
machines will be discussed in detail in Section C of this Chapter. Three
identical packs are installed on each 747 and any one can supply all the
conditioned air needed for pressurization, temperature control and
ventilation.

8|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM

 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

Electronic Regulator and Outflow Valve

Operation.

Electronic regulators and electrically actuated outflow valves perform the

same function as pneumatic systems, only the power source is different.
Electrical signals are sent to the cabin pressure controller from the
cockpit control panel to set the mode of operation, the desired cabin
altitude and either standard or local barometric pressure. In automatic
9|Page AIRCRAFT ENVIRONMENT AND AUXILIARY SYSTEM
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

mode, the cabin pressure controller sends signals to the AC motors, which
modulate as required to maintain the selected cabin altitude. In manual
mode, the controller uses the DC motors to operate the outflow valves.
Interlocks prevent both motors from operating at the same time. All
pressurized aircraft require some form of a negative pressure-relief-valve.
This valve opens when outside air pressure is greater than cabin pressure.
The negative pressure-relief-valve prevents accidentally obtaining
altitude, which is higher than the aircraft altitude. This possibility would
exist during descent. The outflow valves automatically drive to the full-
open position whenever the aircraft weight is on the wheels.
Pneumatically operated pressure relief valves open automatically if the
cabin differential pressure becomes too great.

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SYSTEM
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

The pressurization control system regulates and maintains cabin

pressure, and the rate of cabin pressure change, as a function of
settings on the control panel. This is accomplished by regulating the
flow of air vented from the cabin through motor driven outflow valves.

Assessment: 15 to 20 mins

1. Research about the Different Pressurization terms and Source of Pressurized Air

Honesty Clause My signature below constitutes my pledge that all of the writing is my own work, with
the exception of those portions which are properly documented.

________________________ ______________________
Students Name and Signature Parent/Guardian Signature

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SYSTEM
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

ESSAY RUBRIC

CRITERIA INADEQUATE ADEQUATE ABOVE AVERAGE EXEMPLARY SCORE

(Below Standard) (Meets Standard) (Exceeds Standard) (Far Exceeds
65%-74% 75%-84% 85%-92% Standard)
93%-100%
Organization Writing lacks logical Writing is coherent and Writing is coherent Writing shows high
organization. It logically organized. and logically degree of attention to
shows some Some points remain organized with logic and reasoning
coherence but ideas misplaced and stray transitions used of points. Unity
lack unity. Serious from the topic. between ideas and clearly leads the
errors. Transitions evident but paragraphs to create reader to the
not used throughout coherence. Overall conclusion and stirs
essay. unity of ideas is thought regardingthe
present. topic.
Level of Content Shows some thinking Content indicates Content indicates Content indicates
and reasoning but thinking and reasoning original thinking and synthesis of ideas, in-
most ideas are applied with original develops ideas with depth analysis and
underdeveloped and thought on a few ideas. sufficient and firm evidences original
unoriginal. evidence. thought and support
for the topic.
Development Main points lack Main points are present Main points well Main points well
detailed development. with limited detail and developed with developed with high
Ideas are vague with development. Some quality supporting quality and quantity
little evidence of critical thinking is details and quantity. support. Reveals high
critical thinking. present. Critical thinking is degree of critical
weaved into points. thinking.
Grammar & Spelling, punctuation, Most spelling, Essay has few Essay is free of
Mechanics and grammatical punctuation, and spelling, punctuation, distracting spelling,
errors create grammar are correct and grammatical punctuation, and
distraction, making allowing reader to errors allowing reader grammatical errors;
reading difficult; progress theessay. to follow ideas absent of fragments,
fragments, comma Some errors remain. clearly. Very few comma splices, and
splices, run-ons fragments or run-ons. run-ons.
evident. Errors are
frequent.
GRADE
(score/4)

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SYSTEM
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department
First Semester, Academic Year 2020 – 2021

REFERENCE
FAA (2018), Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – General, U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airmen Testing
Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City

FAA (2018), Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – Airframe, U.S.

Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airmen Testing
Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City
Handbook for Aeronautical Knowledge (2012)

Jepessen A&P Technician Textbook, General Handbook

Jepessen Sanderson Incorporated

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