Reviewer in General Physics 2

Electrostatic Charge

 Atom- smallest unit of matter

Electron
Electron orbits
Proton
Nucleus
Neutron

Structure of an atom

 Electron- negative charge

 Proton- positive charge
 Neutron- neutral/no charge

 Electron Theory- states that any materials is composed of atoms of different kinds.
 Electric Charge- fundamental property of subatomic particles that gives use to the
phenomenon or experiencing force in the presence of electric and magnetic field.
 Electric Charge- attraction and repulsive force

Two kinds of charge:

1. Positive charge- more positive, lacks of electrons

2. Negative charge- more electrons than protons

Law of charges

1. Unlike charges attract each other.

2. Like charges repel each other.

Repel
3. A charge body (positive or negative) attracts a neutral body.

Neutral

Contains protons and

electrons
  Polarization- separation of charges between objects Parang yung
neutral may
Neutral objects Positively positive and
object negative diba
tapos nag
hihiwalay sya.
Kapag nilapit sa
positive object
nag a attract sya
sa positive kase
humiwalay nga
ung positive at
ung negative
naman nagdikit
sa positive

How are electrical charges transferred from one material to another?

 Charging by friction- also known as “triboelectric series”

-Rubbing, as the term suggests, is pushing two objects back and forth toward each other.
 Charging by induction- process of charging conducting bodies without touching them
 Charging by conduction- Charging by conduction is a technique of charging an uncharged
material by bringing it into touch with some other charged material

 Electron affinity- chemical property of an atom to attract electron itself

- Ability to attract electron
 Triboelectric series- ranks materials based on their tendency to acquire charge

 Gain electron- negatively charge Electron-

 Loss electron- positively charge negative

 Methods of charging- The process of supplying electric charge is referred to as charging causing
it to lose electric charge is referred to as charging:
1. Charging by friction
2. Charging by induction
3. Charging by conduction

Coulomb’s Law – Charles Augustin De Coulomb – 18th century/ French physicist

 Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract. Thus, two negative charges repel one
another, while a positive charges attracts a negative charge.
  The attraction or repulsion acts along the line between the two charges.
 The size of the force varies inversely as the square of the distance between the two charges.
 The size of the force is proportional to the value of each charge.
 The unit used to measure charge is the coulomb (C).
 Charges exist force to one another. This force is known as Electrostatic Force.

Coulomb’s Law

 The magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the
product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Electrostatic
Directly
constant
Formula: proportional sa
Charges (c) product at
value. Inversely
proportional to
the square of
Electrostati the distance
c force (N) Distance between
charges

Attractive.
malalaman dahil sa
charges
Electric field

 A charged particle produces an electric field around it. Thus, another charged particles reacts
to it by experiencing an electric force. – attractive or repulsive
 Electric field is the electric force per unit charge (N/C)
- Electric field = electric force/unit charge
 Test charge- small positive charge that is used to detect the presence of an electric field.
 Electric field direction about positive source charge is always directed away from positive
charge.
 In negative- direct toward negative charge
 Electric field strength is measured in the SI unit volt per meter (V/m) (take note: 1V/m= 1N/C
  Conductors- materials that permits to move electric charge from one place to another
 Insulators- does not permit to move electric charge from one place to another

Electric Field Lines

 Graphical representation and an excellent way of visualizing electric field.

 The density or thickness of their lines is directly proportional to the strength of electric field at
any region in space.
 The greater, the more strength of electric field

Formula:

E= Fe/q / E=kQ/r2
g
Ohms Law- Georg Simon Ohm

 Role in circuit
 Pressure that triggers electron flow
 Rate of electron flow
 Flow inhibitor
 States that the current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and
inversely proportional to the resistance in the circuit.
 Current of voltage- directly proportional
 Current on the resistance- inversely proportional

Quantity DL symbol Unit of measurement

Voltage E or V Volt (V)
Current I Ampere, Amp (A)
Resistance R Ohm (Ω)

Formula:

Voltage (V)

Current (I)

Resistance (R)

Electric potential energy

Formula:
UE= kq1q2/r

“If I quit now, I will soon be back to where I started. And when I started I was
desperately wishing to be where I am now.”
-Unknown