INTELLIGENT PARKING SYSTEM

ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Rev3-BASED

Mohammad Rizki Prabowo S. 41420120003
Probo Andi Wijaya 41420120078
Galur Sultan P. 41420120122
Fikri Aulia R. 41421010005
Abstract - The increasing use of cars in the Drivers also have to drive around to find an empty
city of Jakarta is not balanced by the provision of space if the officer or driver does not pay attention
adequate parking areas and results in many motorists to the capacity of the parking area, the vehicle owner
parking in random places. The existing parking system
is forced to leave if he/she does not get a parking
only utilises parking areas and parking attendants who
space.
supervise them. Drivers also have to go around to find
an empty space if the officer or driver does not pay
Technology continues to develop with the times,
attention to the capacity of the parking area, the
vehicle owner will be forced to leave if he does not get
especially in the field of microcontrollers.
a parking space. To overcome this, a parking system is Microcontroller technology is often used in
made using a microcontroller system that makes it industries that are programmed in such a way as to
easier for vehicle users to know the number and control equipment or machines automatically to save
location of empty parking spaces. The design of this time and human labour, the solution to the parking
parking system aims that vehicles can find out the problem can be made by designing a simple parking
available parking space which will be notified through system using Arduino MEGA 2560 as a
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light microcontroller or processor. LCD to display
Emitting Diode) at the entrance to the parking lot, this
information on the availability of parking spaces and
parking system can also separate truck vehicles and
ordinary cars using PING (HC-SR04) as a sensor to
LEDs as indicators to notify the number of empty
detect the height of the vehicle at the entrance gate, and parking areas. This parking system can also move
also to make it easier to monitor the total vehicles in the bar automatically through ultrasonic sensor
the parking lot with LED (Light Emitting Diode) detection (PING HC-SR04) so that officers do not
indicators. This design uses Arduino MEGA 2560 need to open it manually. With this parking system,
Rev3 as a processor to process data. The servo that drivers do not need to drive around to find an empty
manages the bar will be moved according to the space.
detection of the PING HC-SR04 sensor and LDR
(Light Dependent Resistor). When the parking lot is II. PROBLEM FORMULATION
full, the main servo will close and prevent vehicles from
Based on the background presented, the problem
entering again. The servo will open again when there
is an empty space. From the test results Arduino
formulation is how to make a parking system using
MEGA 2560 can manage the circuit well and LDR can a microcontroller system that makes it easy for
detect vehicles in each parking area, and the front vehicle users to know the status and number of
cross servo can prevent other cars from entering when empty parking areas.
the entire parking area is full.
III. PROBLEM LIMITATION
Keywords: Parking System, Arduino MEGA In making this automatic parking system, there are
2560, LCD, PING (HC-SR04), LDR
several problem limitations:
I. INTRODUCTION • The design uses the Servo Tower Pro SG90
The increasing use of cars in the city of Jakarta is not as a bar drive and PING (HC-SR04) as a
balanced by the provision of adequate parking areas vehicle height detection sensor.
and results in many motorists parking in random • The full and empty status of the land in the
places. The existing parking system only utilises the parking lot design is displayed using LCD
parking area and parking attendants who supervise. (Liquid Crystal Display).
 • LED (Light Emitting Diode) as an indicator Microcontroller can be said to be a computer
of empty parking area number based on system that all or most of its elements are packaged
object detection through LDR (Light in one chip so it is often referred to as a single chip
Dependent Resistor). microcomputer. Unlike computer systems that can
handle a variety of application programs,
IV. PURPOSE AND BENEFITS microcontrollers can only be used for one
The purpose of making a Simple Parking System application only. Another difference is in the
Design Using Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is: comparison of RAM (Rendom Acces Memory) and
ROM (Read Only Memory). In the Microcontroller
• Creating a parking system using Arduino the ratio between RAM and ROM is large, while
MEGA 2560. the computer system is also large. [7].
• Prevent other cars from entering the
parking area after it is full. VII. ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Rev3
Arduino Mega 2560 adalah papan mikrokontroler
Benefits : yang berbasis pada ATmega2560. Ini memiliki 54
pin input/ output digital (dimana 15 dapat digunakan
• Helps vehicle users to know the available
sebagai output Pulse Wide Modulation), 16 input
parking area.
analog, 4 UART (port serial perangkat keras),
• Make it easier for officers to monitor the
osilator kristal 16 MHz, USB koneksi, colokan
number of cars in the parking lot.
listrik, header ICSP, dan tombol reset, arduino ini
berisi segalanya diperlukan untuk mendukung
V. LITERATURE REVIEW
mikrokontroler, cukup hubungkan ke komputer
GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE PARKING
dengan kabel USB atau diatur dengan adaptor AC ke
SYSTEM :
DC atau baterai untuk memulai. Arduino Mega
• Parking is a state of motionlessness of a kompatibel dengan Shield yang dirancang untuk
vehicle that is not temporary. Stopping is a Arduino Duemilanove atau Diecimila [12].
state of temporary immobility of a vehicle
Physical Display of Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3
with the driver not leaving the vehicle [8].
• Parking facility is a location that is
determined as a place to stop vehicles that
are not temporary to carry out activities for
a period of time [8].
• On street parking is a parking facility that
uses the roadside [8].
• Off street parking facilities are vehicle
parking facilities outside the public
roadside that are specially made or
supporting activities that can be in the form Source : https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-
of parking lots and / or parking buildings mega-2560-rev3
[8].
• Road is a road place intended for public Arduino was created for beginners who don't even
traffic. have a basic programming language at all because
• Parking space unit (SRP) is a measure of it uses the C++ language which has been made
the effective area for placing a vehicle easier through libraries. Arduino uses Processing
(passenger car, bus/truck, or motorbike), software which is used to write programmes into
including free space and door opening Arduino. Processing itself is a combination of the
width. For certain cases, without C++ and Java languages. This Arduino software
explanation, SRP is SRP for passenger cars can be installed on various operating systems
[8]. (OS) such as: LINUX, Mac OS, Windows.
Arduino is not just a development tool, but a
VI. MIKROKONTROLLER combination of hardware, programming
languages and a sophisticated Integrated
Development Environment (IDE). IDE is a X. PING HCSR-04
software that is very instrumental for writing Set low the Trig and Echo ports when the module
programs, compiling into binary code and initialises, first ask at least 10us high level pulses to
uploading into the microcontroller's memory [7]. the Trig pin (the module automatically sends out
eight 40K square waves), and then wait to capture
Arduino IDE Software Display the rising edge output by the echo port, at the same
time, open the timer to start timing. Next, again
capture the falling edge output by the echo port, at
the same time, read the counter time, which is the
ultrasonic running time in the air. According to the
form: test distance = (high time speed * Ultrasonic
spreading speed in the air) / 2, you can calculate the
distance to the obstacle [14].

VIII. SERVO TOWER Pro SG90

Small and lightweight with high output power.
Servos can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in
each direction), and work like standard types but
smaller. Servos are great for beginners who want to
make things move without building a motor
controller with feedback & gear box, especially Source:https://www.nyebarilmu.com/tutorial-
since they will fit in small places. building a motor arduino-mengakses-sensor-ultrasonic-hc-sr04/
controller with feedback & gear box, especially
since it will fit in small places. XI. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 16 x 2
LCD is a dot matrix display that functions to display
text in the form of numbers or letters as desired
(according to the programme used to control it) [9].

Source:https://www.tokopedia.com/aeroskyhobby/t Source : https://www.nyebarilmu.com/cara-

ower-pro-micro-servo-motor-9g-sg90-for-rc-robot- mengakses-modul-display-lcd-16x2/
helicopter-
airplane?extParam=ivf%3Dfalse&src=topads XII. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
LEDs are diodes mounted in a translucent container
IX. ULTRASONIC SENSOR that will light up/emit light when passed through a
Ultrasonic proximity sensors are designed for non- current. By using elements such as: gelium, arsenic
contact distance measurement and this type consists and phosphorus, it is possible to obtain LEDs that
of a transmitter and receiver or transceiver capable produce red or invisible light. When an LED is given
of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic sound. a forward voltage, the LED will emit light because
the free electrons will recombine with holes around
the connection when travelling from higher energy
levels to lower energy levels [9].
 thousands of innovative projects in a variety of
fields, including home automation, robotics,
interactive art, autonomous vehicles, and more.
One of the most widely used Arduino variants
is the Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3, which offers
various features and input/output pins for
connecting various sensors, motors and other
devices. The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is the
successor to the Arduino Mega 2560, and has
Source : https://teknikelektronika.com/pengertian-
become a popular choice among developers,
led-light-emitting-diode-cara-kerja/
hobbyists, and professionals in projects that
XIII. SWITCH require more input/output pins than other
The switch functions as a breaker and connector of Arduino boards provide. The following is a
electric current. When the switch condition is off detailed explanation about the Arduino Mega
(open circuit), the electric current that was flowing 2560 Rev3 and why it is so popular:
through the switch will be cut off, and vice versa, • High Performance: Arduino Mega
namely if the switch condition is on (close circuit), 2560 Rev3 is built with an
the electric current will return to flow through the ATMega2560 microcontroller with a
switch. clock speed of 16 MHz. It provides
high performance and processing
capabilities that are more than
sufficient for most applications.
• Many Input/Output Pins: One of the
most prominent features of the
Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is its many
input/output pins. This board is
equipped with 54 digital input/output
pins, 16 analog input pins, and 4 serial
Source : https://www.webstudi.site/2019/10/Jenis- UART pins. It allows users to connect
Saklar.html many external devices such as sensors,
motors, LEDs, displays, and more.
• Compatibility and Rich Ecosystem:
The Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is
compatible with existing Arduino
Theoretical Foundations of Problem Solving software and hardware, so users can
Methods easily access and utilize a variety of
widely available libraries and open
Intelligent Parking System (IPS) is an source code. Additionally, there is a
intelligent system used to optimize the vehicle large community supporting Arduino
parking process. To design an Arduino Mega 2560 with forums, tutorials, and rich
Rev3 based IPS, we will use the following concepts documentation.
and technologies: • Sufficiently Large Memory: This
board is equipped with 256 KB Flash
1. Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3: Arduino is a popular memory for storing programs, 8 KB
hardware development platform for controlling SRAM for storing data, and 4 KB
a wide variety of devices. The Arduino Mega EEPROM for storing data that can be
2560 Rev3 has many input/output pins that can accessed quickly. This large enough
be used to connect sensors, motors and other memory allows developers to create
devices. Arduino has become one of the most complex programs and extensive data.
popular hardware development platforms in the • Support for Various Programming
world. Known for its ease of use, disruption, Languages: Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3
and large community, Arduino has inspired can be programmed using the easy-to-
 use Arduino IDE, which is supported • Wave Reflection: Ultrasonic waves will
by various programming languages reach the object and reflect back to the
such as C and C++. This allows sensor after meeting the object’s surface.
developers of varying skill levels to • Time of Flight: The sensor measures the
create creative projects. time it takes for a wave to go from the
• Compatibility with Various Shields: sensor to the object and back to the sensor
Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 is again. This time is known as “flight time”.
compatible with various commercially • Distance Calculation: By knowing the
available modules and shields. This speed of sound in air (approximately 343
allows users to easily expand the meters per second at room temperature),
functionality of the board by adding the sensor can calculate the distance
additional modules. between the sensor and the object with a
In the Arduino board family, the simple formula: Distance = (Flight Time x
Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3 plays an important Speed of Sound) / 2. Factor 2 is used
role in supporting projects that require more I/O because the wave goes to the object and
than is available on standard Arduino boards. comes back.
With its powerful capabilities and wide support
from the community, the Arduino Mega 2560 Role of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor in IPS:
Rev3 remains the top choice for many
developers to create creative projects that utilize • Ultrasonic distance sensors play a key role
the hardware with a wide variety of sensors, in IPS or other intelligent parking systems.
actuators, and external devices. Here are some of its significance:
2. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: Ultrasonic distance • Vehicle Detection: This sensor detects the
sensors will be used to detect the presence of presence of vehicles in the parking lot.
vehicles in the parking area. This sensor will When a vehicle enters the parking area,
send ultrasonic waves and receive reflections sensors will detect its presence.
back to calculate the distance between the • Distance Measurement: The sensor
vehicle and the sensor. Ultrasonic distance measures the distance between the vehicle
sensors are key components in intelligent and the sensor itself. This distance data is
parking systems, such as the Arduino Mega very important in determining whether the
2560 Rev3-based Intelligent Parking System vehicle can park safely in the available
(IPS). These sensors have an important role in space or if the parking area is full.
detecting the presence of vehicles in the parking • Parking Lot Management: Data obtained
area and enable the system to take appropriate from sensors used to manage parking lots.
action. In this discussion, we will discuss in The system can determine the availability
more depth about ultrasonic distance sensors, of parking spaces and provide information
how they work, and their critical role in IPS. to the driver.
• Parking Bar Control: Based on data from
How Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Works: sensors, IPS can control the servo motor
• Ultrasonic distance sensors use the basic that moves the parking bar. If parking is
principle of sound wave reflection available, the parking barrier will be open,
(ultrasonics) to measure the distance and if the parking space is full, the parking
between the sensor and an object in front of barrier will be closed.
it. The working process is similar to the • Energy Efficiency: Use of ultrasonic
sonar used by submarines to detect sensors also helps in saving energy.
underwater obstacles. Parking barriers will only open or close
• Ultrasonic Wave Delivery: The sensor when needed, reducing unnecessary energy
produces ultrasonic waves with a certain consumption.
frequency, for example 40 kHz. These 3. Servo Motor: Servo motor is used to move the
waves are then sent to objects in front of the parking barrier automatically. By using a servo
sensor. motor, we can control the parking barrier to
open and close according to the instructions
 from the system. The servo motor is one of the barrier, blocking the vehicle from entering the
main components in the “INTELLIGENT parking area. Conversely, if no vehicle is
PARKING SYSTEM ARDUINO MEGA 2560 detected, the Arduino will deploy a servo motor
Rev3-BASED” which plays a central role in to open the parking barrier, allowing the vehicle
moving the parking barrier automatically. Servo to eenter This process occurs in a matter of
motors, with the advantage of precise control, milliseconds, ensuring that every vehicle
provide the flexibility necessary to control the coming or going gets a fast and precise
movement of the parking barrier with high response. In addition, Arduino can also collect
accuracy. Servo motors work on the principle of and store data about parking usage, providing
position feedback. That means the servo motor valuable information for more efficient parking
can be instructed to move in the right direction management. With this intelligent data
with a high degree of precision, which is critical recording system, “INTELLIGENT PARKING
in managing entry and exit from parking areas. SYSTEM ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Rev3-
This system allows the servo motor to respond BASED” can improve the parking experience,
to commands from the Arduino Mega 2560 optimize the use of parking spaces, and provide
Rev3 microcontroller at high speed, ensuring an efficient and reliable solution for modern
smooth and safe operation of the parking parking management.
barrier. In addition, servo motors have high
durability, making them very suitable for Design/Plans for Problem Solving
frequent repetitive applications in parking
The design steps and plans for solving the
systems. The good durability of servo motors
"INTELLIGENT PARKING SYSTEM ARDUINO
also means that the system can be relied on for
MEGA 2560 Rev3-BASED" problem are as
long periods of time with minimal maintenance.
follows:
With this trusted servo motor, “INTELLIGENT
PARKING SYSTEM ARDUINO MEGA 2560 • Installation of Ultrasonic Distance Sensors:
Rev3-BASED” can provide an efficient and Ultrasonic distance sensors will be installed in
safe parking experience for users. The servo strategic positions in the parking area. This
motor is the main component that allows this sensor will be used to detect vehicles entering
system to function optimally, making it a useful and leaving the parking area.
solution for intelligent and up-to-date parking • Connecting to Arduino: The ultrasonic distance
management.
sensor will be connected to the input/output pins
4. Data Processing System: Arduino will function
available on the Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3.
as the brain of the system which will process
Arduino will read data from sensors
data from the ultrasonic distance sensor, make periodically.
decisions based on this data, and control the
• Development Algorithm: In the development
servo motor to open or close the parking barrier.
algorithm, we will determine the rules or
The Data Processing System is a core
conditions to control the parking barrier based
component of the “INTELLIGENT PARKING
on the data received from the sensors. For
SYSTEM ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Rev3-
example, if the sensor detects a vehicle, the
BASED.” In this system, the Arduino Mega
parking barrier will close; if there are no
2560 Rev3 functions as the brain of the
vehicles, the parking barrier will open.
intelligent system and is responsible for
• Servo Motor Control: Arduino will control the
managing all aspects of parking.
servo motor to open or close the parking barrier
First, Arduino receives data from ultrasonic
according to the results of data processing from
distance sensors strategically installed in the
the sensors and algorithms that have been
parking area. This sensor continuously
developed.
correlates the distance between the vehicle and
• System Integration: The entire system will be
the parking barrier. Arduino takes this data and
integrated so that sensors, Arduino, and servo
analyzes it in real-time. Then, based on the data
motors can interact seamlessly. The system may
received, Arduino makes intelligent ddecisions
also be equipped with a user interface (e.g.,
If the sensor detects the presence of a vehicle,
LCD display) to provide the user with
Arduino will take action to close the parking
information about parking space availability.
• Testing and Maintenance: Once the system is
complete, testing will be carried out to ensure
that the IPS is working properly. Routine
maintenance will also be carried out to maintain
system performance.

Installation of ultrasonic Connecting to Arduino

Algorithm Development
distance sensors

Arduino testing & maintenance System integration Servo Motor Control

RESULT the parking space is available for occupants. When a
car pulls into the parking lot, the driver parks the
In the proposed model the ultrasonic distance vehicle in the nearest Available empty slot.
sensors present in the entrance will detect the car and Additionally, it prevents vehicles from idling
it will send the signal to the Arduino. From Arduino through occupied parking spaces in a city.
to the signals will go to the servo motor then the gate
will open. Source :
https://easychair.org/publications/preprint_downloa
After car enter into the parking lot there will be a d/m1cr
LCD display which help the driver to find the empty
slots present in the parking. SUGGESTION

LCD Display will also show the parking slots which The use of PING as a car height distance detector
are empty and which are full. If incase the whole requires calibration in the programme before use,
parking lot or area is full then the LCD Display will so that the calculated PING distance is in
show “Sorry Parking Full”. accordance with the original.

While the cars are leaving from the parking area the
ultrasonic distance Sensor which is present at the
exit side will detect the car and send the information REFERENCES.
to the Arduino and from there to the information will
go to the servo motor then the gate will open and the
car can leave parking area without any problem.
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www.mantech.co.za/datasheets/prod
ucts/A000047.pdf

[13] ServoSG90Datasheet.www.ee.ic.ac.u
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_Ultra sonic_Module_User_Guide.pdf