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Please fill in the below quiz according to the 5 steps below. You can use the 'Example Sheet' as a reference.
Also format the Correct Answer as Bold and Red Color.

Neurological Emergency

3. Question:
Which of the following is NOT part of a basic neurological examination?

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess?

A GCS motor score of 6 indicates?

Which cranial nerve is tested by asking the patient to shrug shoulders?

The Babinski reflex is positive when?

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?
Which of the following findings is most concerning during a rapid neurological assessment in

The Romberg test assesses?

Which of the following is a sign of upper motor neuron lesion?

Pupillary reaction to light assesses which cranial nerves?

Which of the following types of headache is considered a medical emergency?

A patient presents with headache, fever, neck stiffness, and photophobia. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Which of the following headaches is commonly unilateral, pulsating, and associated with nausea and
photophobia?
A 45-year-old male has recurrent headaches that occur at night with tearing of the eye and nasal
congestion on the same side. Likely diagnosis?
Which type of headache usually presents with band-like pressure around the head and no aura?
In the emergency setting, which is the first-line investigation for a patient with sudden severe headache
and suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A red flag sign in headache that needs urgent attention is?

Which of the following drugs is commonly used in the emergency treatment of acute migraine?

Papilledema in a patient with headache suggests?

Which condition is associated with headache that worsens on coughing or bending forward?

Brain death is defined as?

Which of the following is a required clinical sign to diagnose brain death?

Which of the following characteristics is most commonly associated with migraine headaches?

Cluster headaches are most commonly seen in which group of people?

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of tension-type headaches?

What is the typical duration of a cluster headache?

A patient reports a severe headache with pain around one eye, along with watering of the eye and nasal c

Which of the following triggers is most commonly associated with migraine headaches?

The Apnea Test is used to?

Which of the following medications is often used for acute relief of migraine headaches?

Which cranial nerve reflex is checked using the corneal reflex?

In brain death, the pupils are typically?

Confirmatory tests for brain death may include all EXCEPT?

Which of the following conditions must be ruled out before declaring brain death?

Brain death must be diagnosed by?

In brain death, the heart may continue beating because?

Which of the following is the most common type of stroke?

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is best described as?

Which of the following is a major risk factor for an ischemic stroke?

Which of the following arteries is most commonly involved in ischemic strokes?

What is the most common presenting symptom of a stroke?

Which of the following is an example of a deep tendon reflex?

The Babinski sign is associated with which type of reflex?

The ankle jerk reflex is mediated by which spinal segment?

Which of the following is not a superficial reflex?

The patellar reflex is a type of?

The abdominal reflex is tested by?

In the biceps reflex, the normal response is?

The corneal reflex is tested by?

Hyperreflexia is characterized by?

What is the primary cause of a hemorrhagic stroke?

Which of the following is a common type of hemorrhagic stroke?

Which of the following is a major risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke?

Which diagnostic imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose a hemorrhagic stroke?

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke that involves bleeding?

Which of the following is a preventive measure for hemorrhagic stroke?

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is characterized by?

The primary concern with Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) is that they?

Which of the following neurological symptoms is most commonly seen in a TIA?

The duration of symptoms in a TIA typically lasts?

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by?

Trigeminal neuralgia affects which cranial nerve?

The most commonly affected division in trigeminal neuralgia is?

The first-line drug used in treating trigeminal neuralgia is?

Which of the following is not typical of trigeminal neuralgia?

A common trigger for trigeminal neuralgia pain is?

Trigeminal neuralgia is also known as?

Facial pain with associated vesicular rash in the same distribution may suggest?

Which imaging is preferred to rule out secondary causes of trigeminal neuralgia?

In the emergency setting, facial pain with neurological deficits should raise concern for?

Guillain-Barré Syndrome is primarily a disease affecting which part of the nervous system?

Which of the following is a classic early symptom of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Which of the following is the hallmark cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) finding in Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
Which of the following is the most serious and life-threatening complication of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Which of the following is NOT a variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Which nerve conduction study (NCS) finding is characteristic of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Which clinical feature differentiates Guillain-Barré Syndrome from Myasthenia Gravis?

Which of the following statements is true about Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a life-threatening reaction to?

The classic tetrad of symptoms in NMS includes all EXCEPT?

The hallmark muscle finding in NMS is?

A significant lab abnormality in NMS is?

First-line management of NMS includes?

The most common cause of seizures in children is?

A seizure is defined as?

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure includes?

A brief lapse of awareness, often in children, without convulsions is called?

he first priority in managing a patient during an active seizure is?

Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure lasting?

The first-line drug in emergency treatment of an active seizure is?

Which electrolyte imbalance can cause seizures?

A seizure that starts in one area of the brain and affects only one part of the body is called?

After a seizure, the patient is confused and tired. This phase is called?

Vertigo is best described as?

The most common peripheral cause of vertigo is?

A key test used in diagnosing BPPV is?

Vertigo caused by central nervous system lesions usually presents with?

Meniere's disease is associated with all EXCEPT?

Which of the following suggests a central cause of vertigo?

First-line treatment for BPPV includes?

Which class of drugs is often used to relieve acute vertigo symptoms?

A patient presents with vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. Likely diagnosis?

In the emergency setting, red flags in vertigo include?

Lumbar puncture is typically performed at which spinal level?

The most common diagnostic use of lumbar puncture is to evaluate?

Which of the following is a contraindication for performing a lumbar puncture?

What position is typically used for lumbar puncture?

Which of the following is not a complication of lumbar puncture?

Which of the following is the most common cause of viral encephalitis worldwide?

Which part of the brain is most commonly affected in herpes simplex encephalitis?

Which of the following is a classic CSF finding in viral encephalitis?

Which of the following clinical features is most suggestive of encephalitis rather than meningitis?

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for herpes simplex encephalitis?

Which of the following is a common complication of severe encephalitis?

Which arbovirus is known to cause epidemic encephalitis, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions?

Which of the following laboratory tests is most useful for confirming the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis?
A patient presents with confusion, fever, and hyperintense signals in the temporal lobes on MRI. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following clinical signs is characteristic of rabies encephalitis?

Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for brain death assessment?

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT compatible with brain death?

Which brainstem reflex is tested using cold water irrigation into the ear canal?

Which of the following confirms the absence of a cough reflex in brain death assessment?
What is the purpose of the apnea test in brain death determination?

Which of the following is an essential confirmatory test for brain death when clinical tests are inconclusive?

Which of the following conditions can mimic brain death and must be excluded before diagnosis?

Which of the following reflexes remains intact in a brain-dead patient?

What is the recommended waiting period between two clinical assessments of brain death in adults?

Which of the following is a legally accepted confirmatory test for brain death?

What is the normal appearance of CSF?

In bacterial meningitis, CSF findings typically show?

Which needle is typically used for a lumbar puncture?

Which test is commonly done on CSF to detect infection?

Cerebral venous thrombosis involves?

A common risk factor for CVT in young women is?

The most common initial symptom of CVT is?

Which condition is NOT associated with increased CVT risk?

The best imaging modality to diagnose CVT is?

A complication of CVT can include?

Which sinus is most commonly involved in CVT?

In suspected CVT, lumbar puncture may show?

First-line treatment for CVT is?

A red flag in CVT suggesting worsening condition is?

Cerebral edema refers to?

Vasogenic edema is primarily caused by?

Cytotoxic edema results from?

One of the most dangerous complications of cerebral edema is?

Which clinical sign suggests increased intracranial pressure due to edema?

The drug mannitol is used in cerebral edema because it?

In CT scan of cerebral edema, which finding is typical?

Which bacterium is responsible for botulism?

s a reference.
NOTE: Please do not add or remove Column or Rows

Semester: 6th Program: BS Emergency Technology

4. If you selected multiple choice question, enter answers below each column:
Answer A: Answer B: Answer C:
Cranial nerve assessment Reflex testing Blood pressure measurement

Visual acuity Motor strength Level of consciousness

No motor response Extension to pain Flexion withdrawal

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) CN XI (Spinal Accessory CN X (Vagus)

Toes curl downward Toes fan upward Ankle jerks

Cerebrum Brainstem Cerebellum

Unequal pupil size Mild headache Slight dizziness

Visual fields Motor coordination Proprioception and balance

Flaccid paralysis Hyporeflexia Spasticity

CN II and CN III CN III and CN IV CN V and CN VII

Tension headache Cluster headache Migraine

Migraine Tension headache Meningitis

Cluster headache Tension headache Migraine

Sinus headache Tension headache Cluster headache

Migraine Cluster headache Tension

MRI brain CT brain without contrast Lumbar puncture

Gradual onset over weeks Headache relieved by sleep New onset headache after age 50

Paracetamol Ibuprofen Sumatriptan

Tension-type headache Intracranial hypertension Migraine aura

Tension headache Sinusitis Cluster headache

Loss of consciousness Absence of brainstem reflexes and sp Cardiac arrest

Pupillary light reflex present Response to painful stimuli No spontaneous respiratory effort

Gradual onset and dull pain Severe, throbbing pain often accompani
Pain is usually bilateral and pressure-l

Older adults Children Middle-aged men

Pain is usually unilateral and severe It is often accompanied by visual dist It is characterized by a dull, pressing,

Hours to days Minutes to an hour Days to weeks

Tension-type headache Sinus headache Cluster headache

Dehydration Emotional stress Bright lights and certain foods

Assess oxygen saturation Check brainstem reflexes Confirm the absence of spontaneous

Beta-blockers Triptans Antidepressant

CN V and CN VII CN II and CN III CN IX and CN X

Small and reactive Unequal Mid-dilated and non-reactive

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Cerebral angiography CT scan of the brain

Hypothermia Alcohol intoxication Drug overdose

A single nurse Any physician A team of qualified physicians followi

The brain is partially functional The brainstem controls cardiac fun The heart has its own pacemaker sys

Hemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A permanent blockage of a blood vesse

A temporary interruption of blood flo A severe headache without neurologi

Hypertension Hyperthyroidism Asthma

Carotid artery Femoral artery Pulmonary artery

Nausea and vomiting Sudden severe headache Sudden weakness or numbness, especia

Plantar reflex Patellar reflex Corneal reflex

Deep tendon reflex Superficial reflex Pathological reflex

C5 T8-T10 L3-L4

Corneal reflex Cremasteric reflex Plantar reflex

Superficial reflex deep reflex Pathological reflex

Stroking the skin over the abdomen anTapping the patellar tendon and obserStroking the sole of the foot to observ
Contraction of the biceps muscle a
Extension of the knee Plantar flexion of the foot

Stroking the cornea with a cotton wispStroking the inner thigh to observe eleStroking the skin of the abdomen to o

Absence of reflexes Exaggerated reflex response Weak reflex response

Blockage of a blood vessel in the brainRupture of a blood vessel in the brain A severe infection in the brain
Subarachnoid hemorrhage Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Ischemic stroke
Hypertension Smoking Diabetes

CT scan of the brain X-ray of the skull MRI of the spine

n the subarachnoid space Directly into the brain tissue itself Around the spinal cord

Controlling high blood pressure Regular use of anticoagulants Smoking cessation

Sudden, severe headache with no Permanent neurological deficit lasting

for more than 24 hours
Sudden neurological symptoms that
resolve within 24 hours

Are harmless and require no treatment Have no long-term effects Are always caused by brain tumors

Sudden confusion or trouble speakSudden fever Severe and persistent headache

A few minutes to several hours, but less
More than 24 hours than 24 hours Several days

Sudden, sharp, electric shock-like pain

Continuous dull facial pain on one side of the face Bilateral facial numbness

CN V CN VII CN IX

Ophthalmic (V1) Maxillary (V2) Mandibular (V3)

Paracetamol Carbamazepine Diazepam

Trigger zones that provoke pain Constant throbbing pain

Unilateral pain
Exposure to bright light Chewing or touching the face Stress
Bell’s palsy
Tic douloureux Hemifacial spasm

Migraine Sinusitis Post-herpetic neuralgia

X-ray skull MRI brain CT face

Dental abscess Bell’s palsy Stroke or tumor

Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons Central nervous system

Ascending muscle weakness Hemiparesis Seizures

High protein, normal WBC count High protein, high WBC count Low protein, low WBC count
Cardiac arrhythmias Respiratory failure Chronic pain
Acute inflammatory demyelinating Chronic inflammatory demyelinating
Miller Fisher Syndrome polyneuropathy (AIDP) polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Plasmapheresis or IV immunoglobulin
High-dose corticosteroids (IVIG) Interferon therapy
Decreased conduction velocity with Increased amplitude of compound
Increased conduction velocity conduction block muscle action potentials

Symmetric ascending weakness Fatigable muscle weakness Cranial nerve involvement

It is a chronic progressive disease Most patients recover fully over time It only affects sensory nerves

Antihistamines Antidepressants Antipsychotic medications

Hyperthermia Lead-pipe muscle rigidity Bradycardia

Flaccid paralysis Cogwheel rigidity Lead-pipe rigidity

Low WBC count
Low creatinine kinase (CK) Elevated creatinine kinase (CK)
Stopping the offending drug +
Continuing the antipsychotic Giving paracetamol only supportive care

Stroke Fever (febrile seizures) Head trauma

Sudden drop in blood pressure Sudden muscle spasm due to hypoxia Involuntary heart palpitations
Loss of consciousness with stiffening and
Only aura jerking Tremors only in one limb

Myoclonic seizure Tonic seizure Absence seizure

Insert a tongue depressor Restrain the patient Ensure airway and protect from injury

Less than 1 minute More than 5 minutes 30 seconds

Diazepam or Lorazepam Paracetamol Atropine

Hypernatremia Hypoglycemia Hyperkalemia

Focal (partial) seizure Generalized seizure Absence seizure

Aura phase Ictal phase Tonic phase

Loss of consciousness with stiffening and
A sensation of spinning or movement jerking Blurred vision
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Stroke (BPPV) Multiple sclerosis

Romberg test Dix-Hallpike maneuver Babinski reflex

Vertical nystagmus and poor

Severe nausea and vomiting Hearing loss coordination

Episodic vertigo Hearing loss Tinnitus

Sudden onset, severe spinning Horizontal nystagmus Unilateral hearing loss

Antiepileptic drugs Epley maneuver Beta-blockers

Antihistamines (e.g. Meclizine Antibiotics Antivirals

Stroke Meniere’s disease Vestibular migraine

New-onset vertigo with slurred speech
Nausea and vomiting Symptoms worsened by head movement and limb weakness

L1-L2 L2-L3 L3-L4 or L4-L5

Pulmonary embolism Liver failure Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Signs of increased intracranial pressure
Headache Fever (ICP)
Supine with legs extended
Left lateral decubitus with knees to chest Prone position

Headache Infection Bleeding

Epstein-Barr virus Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) Cytomegalovirus

Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe

Normal glucose, high protein, High glucose, low protein, neutrophilic
Low glucose, high protein, high WBC lymphocytic pleocytosis pleocytosis

High fever and nuchal rigidity Photophobia and headache Altered mental status and seizures

Acyclovir Vancomycin Ceftriaxone

Myasthenia gravis Hydrocephalus Epilepsy

Poliovirus Japanese encephalitis virus Epstein-Barr virus

CSF culture MRI brain CSF PCR for HSV

Bacterial meningitis Herpes simplex encephalitis Tuberculous meningitis

Ascending paralysis Photophobia and phonophobia Hydrophobia and aerophobia

Presence of spontaneous respiratory
Core body temperature ≥ 36°C Absence of metabolic or toxic causes effort

Fixed and dilated pupils Absence of corneal reflex Decerebrate posturing

Pupillary light reflex Oculocephalic reflex Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Applying painful stimuli to the face Instilling cold water in the ear Tracheal suctioning
To confirm the absence of brainstem To check if there is spontaneous
reflexes respiratory effort To assess cerebral blood flow

EEG (Electroencephalogram) Fundoscopic examination MRI brain

Stroke
Severe traumatic brain injury Hypothermia

Corneal reflex Pupillary light reflex Withdrawal response to pain

6 hours 12 hours 24 hours

Cerebral angiography Chest X-ray Complete blood count (CBC)

Cloudy and yellow Milky Clear and colorless

Low glucose, high protein, high WBCs
High glucose, low protein, few cells (neutrophils) Normal glucose, high RBCs

18-gauge hypodermic needle Touhy needle Quincke or spinal needle

Gram stain and culture X-ray Liver function test

Clot formation in brain veins or dural
Arterial blockage in the brain Hemorrhage in the subdural space sinuses

Smoking Use of oral contraceptives Alcohol use

Vision loss Sudden paralysis Headache

Pregnancy

Dehydration Hypercoagulable states

CT head without contrast MRI brain with MR venography (MRV) Chest X-ray
Seizures
Subdural hematoma Myocardial infarction

Transverse sinus Cavernous sinus Superior sagittal sinus

High glucose Low protein Increased intracranial pressure

Antibiotics Anticoagulation (e.g., heparin) Thrombolytics immediately

Sudden vision changes or altered
Fever Neck stiffness consciousness
Accumulation of fluid in brain cells or
Shrinking of brain tissue extracellular space Excess CSF in ventricles

Trauma and tumors Ischemia Hyponatremia

Increased capillary permeability Neuronal cell injury Excessive CSF production

Vertigo
Brain herniation Ear infection
Bradycardia with hypertension
Tachycardia Hypotension
Creates osmotic gradient to reduce brain
Acts as an antipyretic Decreases blood glucose swelling

Hypodensity in brain areas Hyperdense sinuses Normal ventricles

Clostridium difficile Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum

 Answer D: 5. Write the correct answers Only
Sensory testing Blood pressure measurement

Seizure activity Level of consciousness

Obeys commands Obeys commands
CN VII (Facial) CN XI (Spinal Accessory
Foot twitches side to side Toes fan upward
Thalamus Cerebellum

Slurred speech Unequal pupil size

Reflex symmetry Proprioception and balance
Muscle atrophy Spasticity
CN VI and CN VII CN II and CN III
Sudden onset "thunderclap"
headache Sudden onset "thunderclap" headache

Sinusitis
Meningitis

Cervicogenic headache
Migraine

Occipital neuralgia
Cluster headache
Cervical spondylosis Tension

EEG
CT brain without contrast
Headache during stress New onset headache after age 50
Diazepam Sumatriptan
Eye strain Intracranial hypertension
Temporal arteritis Sinusitis
Absence of brainstem reflexes and
Coma reversible with treatment spontaneous respiration
Deep tendon reflexes absent No spontaneous respiratory effort
Severe, throbbing pain often
Pain worsens with physical activity accompanied by nausea and sensitivity
to light
Women during pregnancy Middle-aged men

Pain is relieved by rest in a dark, quie It is characterized by a dull, pressing, or

tightening pain, often bilateral
Several days to weeks with intermittenMinutes to an hour

Migraine Cluster headache

Overuse of analgesics Bright lights and certain foods
Diagnose coma Confirm the absence of spontaneous
breathing
Benzodiazepines Triptans
CN VIII and CN X CN V and CN VII
Pinpoint Mid-dilated and non-reactive
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials CT scan of the brain

All options All options

A neurosurgeon only A team of qualified physicians following
protocol
Blood pressure is artificially maint The heart has its own pacemaker
system
Brain hemorrhage Ischemic stroke
A temporary interruption of blood flow
A stroke caused by a rupture of a bto the brain, with symptoms resolving
within 24 hours
Chronic sinusitis Hypertension
Renal artery Carotid artery
Chest pain Sudden weakness or numbness,
especially on one side of the body
abdominal reflex Patellar reflex
Autonomic reflex Superficial reflex
S1-S2 S1-S2
Biceps reflex Biceps reflex
Autonomic reflex deep reflex
Stroking the cornea to observe for Stroking the skin over the abdomen and
blinking observing for contraction of the
abdominal muscles
Elevation of the ipsilateral testicle Contraction of the biceps muscle and
flexion of the elbow
Tapping the patellar tendon to Stroking the cornea with a cotton wisp
observe leg extension to observe blinking
Abnormal superficial reflexes Exaggerated reflex response
Trauma to the brain Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
Brain tumor
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Both A and B Both A and B

EEG CT scan of the brain
Between the dura and arachnoid layers
Directly into the brain tissue itself
Both A and C
Both A and C
Continuous weakness and numbness in Sudden neurological symptoms that
the affected limb resolve within 24 hours
May be a warning sign of an impending May be a warning sign of an impending
full-blown stroke full-blown stroke
Loss of consciousness Sudden confusion or trouble speaking
Continuously for weeks A few minutes to several hours, but less
than 24 hours
Pain associated with fever and rash Sudden, sharp, electric shock-like pain
on one side of the face
CN X
CN V
Both V2 and V3
Both V2 and V3
Carbamazepine
Ibuprofen

Sharp, stabbing pain

Constant throbbing pain

Loud sounds Chewing or touching the face

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Tic douloureux
Tension headache
Post-herpetic neuralgia
PET scan
MRI brain

Tension headache Stroke or tumor

Basal ganglia Lower motor neurons

Spasticity Ascending muscle weakness

Low glucose, high WBC count High protein, normal WBC count
 Respiratory failure

Bowel obstruction

Devic’s disease Devic’s disease

Plasmapheresis or IV immunoglobulin
Antiviral medications (IVIG)
Decreased conduction velocity with
Decreased distal latency conduction block

Autonomic dysfunction Symmetric ascending weakness

It is caused by a genetic mutation Most patients recover fully over time

Anticonvulsants Antipsychotic medications

Altered mental status Bradycardia

Muscle atrophy Lead-pipe rigidity

Hypernatremia
Elevated creatinine kinase (CK)
Stopping the offending drug +
Starting a new antidepressant supportive care

Brain tumor Fever (febrile seizures)

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Loss of consciousness with stiffening
Involuntary eye movements and jerking

Focal seizure Absence seizure

Give IV fluids Ensure airway and protect from injury

Only during sleep More than 5 minutes

Phenytoin Diazepam or Lorazepam

Hyponatremia Hyponatremia

Psychogenic seizure Focal (partial) seizure

Post-ictal phase Post-ictal phase

Weakness of limbs A sensation of spinning or movement

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Brain tumor (BPPV)

Snellen chart Dix-Hallpike maneuver

Vertical nystagmus and poor

coordination

Symptoms relieved by lying still

Loss of consciousness with stiffening
Loss of consciousness and jerking
Diplopia and difficulty walking Diplopia and difficulty walking

Corticosteroids Epley maneuver

Diuretics Antihistamines (e.g. Meclizine

Seizure Meniere’s disease

New-onset vertigo with slurred speech
Recurrent vertigo with normal exam and limb weakness

T12-L1 L3-L4 or L4-L5

Heart rhythm Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Signs of increased intracranial pressure
Suspected meningitis (ICP)
Left lateral decubitus with knees to
Sitting with legs hanging chest

Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism

Varicella-zoster virus Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)

Brainstem Temporal lobe

Normal glucose, high protein,
Low protein, low WBC, normal glucose lymphocytic pleocytosis
Sudden onset of weakness and
numbness Altered mental status and seizures

Oseltamivir Acyclovir

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Epilepsy

Measles virus Japanese encephalitis virus

EEG CSF PCR for HSV

Multiple sclerosis Herpes simplex encephalitis

Optic neuritis Hydrophobia and aerophobia

Absence of sedative or neuromuscular Presence of spontaneous respiratory
blocking agents effort

Absent vestibulo-ocular reflex Decerebrate posturing

Corneal reflex Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Checking for deep tendon reflexes Tracheal suctioning

To check if there is spontaneous
To measure arterial blood gases respiratory effort

Serum creatinine test EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Hydrocephalus Hypothermia

Spinal reflexes Spinal reflexes

No fixed interval required 6 hours

Liver function tests Cerebral angiography

Pink Clear and colorless

Low glucose, high protein, high WBCs
High glucose, high lymphocytes (neutrophils)

Butterfly needle Quincke or spinal needle

Cardiac enzymes Gram stain and culture

Clot formation in brain veins or dural
UInfection of the meninges sinuses

High cholesterol Use of oral contraceptives

Chest pain Headache

Asthma Asthma

EEG MRI brain with MR venography (MRV)

Liver cirrhosis Seizures

Sigmoid sinus Superior sagittal sinus

Decreased WBC count Increased intracranial pressure

Craniotomy Anticoagulation (e.g., heparin)

Sudden vision changes or altered
Mild headache only in the morning consciousness
Accumulation of fluid in brain cells or
Infection of the brain tissue extracellular space

Liver failure Trauma and tumors

Tumor compression Neuronal cell injury

Sinusitis Brain herniation

Bradycardia with hypertension
Sweating
Creates osmotic gradient to reduce
Slows heart rate brain swelling

Enlarged sulci Hypodensity in brain areas

Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum

Open-
ended
Multiple
choice
A