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Motor learning is a process that involves acquiring and refining motor skills through practice and experience, leading to permanent changes in performance. It is influenced by various factors such as age, genetics, and practice, and can be observed through improvement, consistency, retention, and transfer of skills. The document outlines different scenarios illustrating motor learning, as well as theories and factors that affect the learning process.

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Olivia Gapoy Il
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12 views

motor-Learning-and-its-theory-1

Motor learning is a process that involves acquiring and refining motor skills through practice and experience, leading to permanent changes in performance. It is influenced by various factors such as age, genetics, and practice, and can be observed through improvement, consistency, retention, and transfer of skills. The document outlines different scenarios illustrating motor learning, as well as theories and factors that affect the learning process.

Uploaded by

Olivia Gapoy Il
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTOR LEARNING AND

ITS THEORY
INTRODUCTION

• Human movement is fundamental for learning and functioning in the world.


• Movement is crucial for growth, maturation, and maintaining healthy bodies.
• "Individuals must learn to move and at the same time move to learn."
• Children explore and understand their world through movement.
WHAT IS MOTOR LEARNING?

• Motor Learning (ML) is a set of internal processes linked to practice and experience.
• Leads to relatively permanent changes in how motor activity is elicited.
• Acquisition of a specific skill.
• Developing a relatively permanent change in motor skills from novice to skilled
performance.
• Achieved through practice or experience.
• Engaging in activities beyond current capabilities.
• Complex brain processes occur in response to practice or experience.
• Results in changes in the central nervous system.
SCENARIO 1: LEARNING TO RIDE A BICYCLE

• Introduction: Initially, a child struggles to balance and pedal (novice stage).


• Motor Learning: Through repeated attempts (practice and experience), the child
gradually improves their balance, coordination, and pedaling technique.
• Brain Processes: The brain forms new neural pathways to control the necessary muscle
movements and balance adjustments.
• Outcome: Eventually, the child can ride the bicycle smoothly and confidently (skilled
performance).
SCENARIO 2: LEARNING A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT (E.G.,
PIANO)
• Introduction: A beginner pianist struggles to read sheet music and coordinate finger
movements.
• Motor Learning: Regular practice sessions help the pianist memorize musical patterns,
improve finger dexterity, and develop muscle memory.
• Brain Processes: The brain adapts by strengthening neural connections related to
auditory processing, visual-motor coordination, and fine motor control.
• Outcome: Over time, the pianist can play complex pieces with fluency and expression.
Scenario 3: Learning a Sport (e.g., Basketball Shooting)
SCENARIO 4: REHABILITATION AFTER A STROKE

• Motor Learning: Through repetitive exercises and physical therapy, the patient relearns
basic motor skills and regains some lost function.
• Brain Processes: The brain's neuroplasticity allows it to reorganize and form new neural
pathways to compensate for damaged areas.
• Outcome: The patient gradually improves their mobility and independence through
consistent rehabilitation efforts.
SCENARIO 5: LEARNING A DANCE ROUTINE

• Introduction: A beginner dancer struggles to remember the sequence of steps and


coordinate movements with the music.
• Motor Learning: Repetitive practice helps the dancer memorize the choreography, refine
their technique, and improve their rhythm.
• Brain Processes: The brain integrates visual, auditory, and kinesthetic information to
create a fluid and coordinated dance performance.
• Outcome: The dancer can perform the routine with confidence, precision, and artistry
• Motor learning is a process, not an event.
• Practice and experience are essential for motor learning.
• The brain plays a crucial role in motor learning through neuroplasticity.
• Motor learning is applicable to a wide range of activities, from sports and music to
everyday tasks and rehabilitation.
ABILITY VS. SKILL

• Ability: * Relatively • Skill: * Can be modified or


permanent characteristic * acquired with practice *
Often associated with Develops through
genetics * Difficult to alter experience
with practice
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTOR LEARNING

• Age
• Race
• Culture
• Genetic predisposition
• Practice and experience
MEASURING MOTOR LEARNING SUCCESS

• Improvement
• Increased accuracy
• Consistency
• Retention
• Transfer
IMPROVEMENT

• Title: Improvement in Action


• Scenario: A beginner basketball player struggles to make free throws.
• Explanation:
Initially, they miss most shots.
With practice, their form improves, and they make more shots consistently.
Their accuracy increases, showing improvement.
CONSISTENCY

• Title: Consistency in Performance


Scenario: A gymnast learning a new routine.
Explanation: At first, they perform the routine with varying success.
After practice, they can perform the routine smoothly and accurately every time.
This demonstrates consistency in their skill.
RETENTION

• Title: Retention Over Time


Scenario: A person learns to ride a bicycle.
Explanation: They practice until they can ride confidently.
After a long break (e.g., years), they can still ride without relearning.
This shows the skill was retained in their memory.
TRANSFER

• Title: Transfer of Skills


• Scenario: A volleyball player learns to play beach volleyball.
• Explanation: Their indoor volleyball skills (passing, setting, spiking) transfer to beach
volleyball.
They adapt to the sand and wind, applying their existing skills in a new context.
This demonstrates the transfer of motor learning.
CONCLUSION

• Motor learning is essential for skill development.


• Abilities are innate, while skills are learned.
• Factors like practice and environment influence motor learning.
• Success is measured by improvement, consistency, retention, and transfer.
THEORIES OF MOTOR LEARNING - FITTS AND POSNER
MODEL
• Cognitive Stage
• Associative Stage
• Autonomous Stage
BERNSTEIN’S 3 STAGE MODEL

• Initial stage
• Advance stage
• Expert stage
GENTILE’S 2 STAGE MODEL

• The first stage (understanding the purpose of the task


• The second stage ( fixation or diversification)
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTOR LEARNING

• Verbal instruction
• Practice characteristics and variability
• Active participation and motivation
• Possibility of making mistakes
• Postural control
• Memory
• Feedback

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