Scribd
Upload
1 views

Mathematical Modelling

The document outlines the design of a feed-forward system for a 2x2 rectangular patched phased array antenna to estimate directional signals and suppress interference. It presents a signal model that describes how received signals undergo phase shifts and can be represented as inner products of vectors. The goal is to design a beam-steering weight vector and filter to enhance the desired signal while minimizing noise and interference.

Uploaded by

MuhammadAbdullah59
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Mathematical Modelling

The document outlines the design of a feed-forward system for a 2x2 rectangular patched phased array antenna to estimate directional signals and suppress interference. It presents a signal model that describes how received signals undergo phase shifts and can be represented as inner products of vectors. The goal is to design a beam-steering weight vector and filter to enhance the desired signal while minimizing noise and interference.

Uploaded by

MuhammadAbdullah59
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Controlled Phased Array Antenna

Problem Definition
Given that
With device containing 2x2 rectangular patched phased array antenna elements for RF reception, we
receive following signal at a particular time instant at antenna grid element (i,j) where i ∈ {0,1}, j ∈ {0,1}
ϕ1
y i , j (t )=x i, j ( t ) + wϕ 2i , j ( t ) +n i , j ( t ) for 0 ≤ t< ∞

Where

x(t) is a directional useful signal with highest gain around ϕ 1 radians (relative to antenna’s bore sight) of
interest e.g. GNSS L1 signal

w(t) is a directional interferer signal with highest gain around ϕ 2 e.g. jamming, spoofing signal

n(t) is omni-directional wideband noise

Problem statement is
Design a feed-forward system that takes in received signal y(t), estimate ϕ 1 and ϕ 2, design beam-
steering weight vector a (ϕ ), and a filter h(t) such that magnitude of w ϕ 2 ( t ) can be suppressed and n(t)
be filtered from y(t).

^y ( t ) =h ( t )∗∑ ∑ a Hi , j y i , j (t)
i j

H
Where a i , j is 2x2 beam steering weight matrix designed such that

^y ( t ) ≈ x ϕ 1i , j ( t )
Signal Model

A complex sinusoidal signal of frequency f (analytical) or signal of superimposed sinusoidal signals


centered frequency f, denoted via x(t) received at linear phased array antenna i ∈ {0,1,…,M-1} from an
angle ϕ radians from bore sight is following

πc d i π di
j2 πf t i j2 . j2
y i ( t ) =x ( t ) e y i ( t ) =x ( t ) e λ c
y i ( t ) =x ( t ) e λ

Form above equations, it is evident that signal x(t) undergoes phase shift proportional to antenna
λ
element distance d i . Further, it can be observed that d i=i sin ⁡(ϕ )
2

πλ
j2 i sin ( ϕ )
2λ
y i ( t ) =x ( t ) e
j πi sin ( ϕ)
y i ( t ) =x ( t ) e

For phased array linear antenna, signal is sum of individual signals received at each antenna element i.

y ( t ) =∑ y i (t )
i

We can represent this in form of inner product of following two vectors

T
a ( ϕ ) =[ 1 e
j π sin ( ϕ )
e
j 2 πi sin ( ϕ )
,…,e
j ( M −1) π sin ( ϕ ) T
] x (t)= [ x0 ( t ) , x 1 ( t ) , x 2 ( t ) … , x M −1 ( t ) ]

We can call a ( ϕ ) beam steering weight vector.

Re-write (1) in inner product form


T
y (t )=a ( ϕ ) x (t)

Now, received power of x(t) at angle ϕ radians is given by

P ( ϕ )=aH ( ϕ ) E { x ( t ) x ( t )H } a ( ϕ )

P ( ϕ )=a R a ( ϕ ) R is called covariance matrix of the signal x(t).


H
Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation

Work in progress…

You might also like