Indian Institute of technology,

Roorkee

Presentation
On
Finite element analysis of Hyper-Elastic
material

Presented by
Under the guidance of
Saud Siddique Dr. M.M. Joglekar
Mtech Student Professor MIED
Content
• Review of linear elastic materials.
• Hyperelastic materials.
• Elastomer modeled as hyperelastic material.
• Application of hyperelastic material.
• Constitutive law for Hyper-Elastic material.
• Constitutive equations for isotropic material.
• Finite element formulation (Inverse method and
Sensitivity analysis)
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
Review of linear elastic
materials
• Fundamental equation, well known to all
engineers, is
𝜎 =𝐸∗𝜀
Hooke’s law is not as simple as it looks like
above: This equation is just valid for the
special case of uniaxial tension
and in the direction of this tension!
• In order to cover three-dimensional stress
and strain states, in a first step
we solve this equation for ε and
Fig 1
just look for the first principal strain.
1
𝜖 = 𝜎
The strain energy density of
linear elastic materials
• When loading and unloading a linear elastic
material, we “drive” along the same straight
line in the stress-strain characteristic curve.
1
• U = 𝑆 ∙∙ 𝐸 stress tensor S
2
strain
tensor E
• With σ=Eε we can conclude for the strain
energy density of uniaxially loaded
Fig 2
linear elastic material.
1
U = 𝜎∗𝜖
2
Hyperelastic materials
• A hyperelastic material is still an elastic
material, that means it returns to its original
shape after the forces have been removed.
• Hyperelastic material also is Cauchy-elastic,
which means that the stress is determined by
the current state of deformation, and not the
path or history of deformation.
• The difference to linear elastic Material is,
that in hyperelastic material the stress-strain
relationship derives from a strain energy
density function, and not a constant factor.
• This definition says nothing about the
Poisson's ratio or the amount of deformation
that a material will undergo under loading.
• However, often elastomers are
modeled as hyperelastic.
Hyperelasticity may also be
used to describe biological
materials, like tissue.

Fig
Hyperelastic
3 material behavi
Elastomer as modeled as
Hyperelastic material

Fig 4(a) Fig. 4(b)

Elastomer material in comparison
with metals and plastics
.

Fig.5(a) Fig. 5(b)

Applications of hyperelastic
materials

Fig. 6 Fig. 7
Actuators made of soft structures Soft inchworm robot
Fig. 8 Folded DEA as indirect vertical
muscles
Constitutive law for
Hyperelastic materials
• The description of the strain energy density W is much
more complex compared to linear elastic material.

• In general, the strain energy density function in

hyperelastic material is a function of the stretch
invariants U = f(I1,I2,I3) or principal stretch ratios U
= f(λ1, λ2, λ3).
• Material laws:
• Neo- Hookean solid
𝜇1 𝑘1 2
U = 2
𝐼1 −3 + 2
𝐽−1
𝜇1 1
𝜎𝑖𝑗 = 5 𝐵𝑖𝑗 − 𝐵𝑘𝑘 𝛿𝑖𝑗 + 𝑘1 𝐽 − 1 𝛿𝑖𝑗
3
𝐽3
• Mooney- Rivlin solid
𝜇1 𝑘1 2
U = 𝐼1 − 3 + 𝐽−1
2 2

• Generalized polynomial rubber elasticity potential

• Arruda-Boyce 8 chain model.

Constitutive equations for
isotropic hyperelastic
materials.

Fig. 9
 The strain energy density can
be described in terms of three
invariants of the left Cauchy–
Green deformation tensor as
follows
Finite Element Formulation for
Direct Deformation Analysis of
Hyper-Elastic Materials
• The virtual work can be expressed as

•
 Inverse analysis
• the inverse formulation to
determine material parameters
of a member represented by a
neo–Hookean and a Mooney–
Rivlin hyper-elastic material
with unknown boundary
conditions on a part of its
boundary.
• The boundary condition, i.e.,
displacement or traction is
unknown on this part of the
boundary Fig.10
• The displacements of these controlling points
are unknown in the inverse problem.
• The vector of unknowns for neo–Hookean and
Mooney–Rivlin hyper-elastic materials in the
inverse analysis is respectively as follows
• The vector of measured data at the M sampling
points is expressed as follows

• After each iteration of the inverse

analysis procedure, the displacements of
sampling points are calculated and the
vector of calculated displacements at
sampling points is constructed as follows
• An objective function is defined and minimized
to obtain the vector of unknowns. The objective
function is defined as follows

• By minimizing this objective function, the

differences between measured and computed data
at sampling points are minimized. Different
methods can be used for minimizing the
objective function. In this study, the damped
Gauss–Newton optimization technique [44,45] is
employed, where the vector of unknowns is
The Sensitivity Analysis
• The objective of the sensitivity analysis in this
study is to evaluate the influence of perturbed
material parameters and boundary conditions
(design parameters) on the displacement response.

Λ 𝑢 =0
• this problem is solved using an iterative Newton–
Raphson method.
Results and discussions
• For three dimensional problems, displacements
of surface points can be measured.
• it is important to be able to find the unknown
material parameters by using measurement data
solely from surface points
 Numerical study

Fig. 11(b) :The geometry

11(a) :The geometry of the direct problem
of the inverse problem with
and its boundary conditions some controlling and
sampling points
 Result

The deformed shape of the interface AB The deformed shape of the interface AB
obtained by the inverse analysis for the obtained by the inverse analysis for the
neo–Hookean model with one controlling neo–Hookean model with one controlling
point and six sampling points under plane point and eight sampling points under plane
strain conditions
Comparison of 6 sampling
points and 8 sampling points
Table 3 The error in results of the inverse analysis for the neo–Hookean
model with six and eight sampling points under plane strain
conditions
The inverse problem under plane strain
conditions with two controlling points and
eight sampling points
The deformed shape of the interface AB
obtained by the inverse analysis for the
neo–Hookean model with two controlling
points and eight sampling points under
plane strain conditions
ts of the inverse problem for the neo–Hookean model with two control
and eight sampling points under plane strain condition
Conclusion and Future work
• Using the Inverse technique for identification
of material properties of a hyper elastic
membrane with partially unknown boundary
conditions.
• As increasing the controlling and sampling
points the accuracy is increasing.
Future Work:
Future development may focus on electro-
mechanical load on hyper-elastic material in
Static and Dynamic loading.
Reference
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