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 Getting Started with

Windows 10
®


and Microsoft Edge
®

 2019 Edition
plus
OneDrive™
Office Online
OneNote
®

File management
Internet browsing
Screen capturing

Faithe Wempen Lisa A. Bucki

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis Co-Founder of 1x1 Media, LLC
Indianapolis, IN Leicester, NC

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 1 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 Vice President, Content and Digital Solutions: Christine Hurney
Developmental Editor: Katrina Lee
Director of Production: Timothy W. Larson
Associate Project Manager and Production Editor: Melora Pappas
Senior Design and Production Specialist: Valerie A. King
Cover and Interior Designer: Julie Johnston
Indexer: Beverlee Day, Guided by Words Indexing Services
Vice President, Director of Digital Products: Chuck Bratton
Digital Projects Manager: Tom Modl
Digital Solutions Manager: Gerry Yumul
Senior Director of Digital Products and Onboarding: Christopher Johnson
Supervisor of Digital Products and Onboarding: Ryan Isdahl
Vice President, Marketing: Lara Weber McLellan
Marketing and Communications Manager: Selena Hicks

Care has been taken to verify the accuracy of information presented in this book. However, the authors, editors,
and publisher cannot accept responsibility for web, email, newsgroup, or chat room subject matter or content,
or for consequences from the application of the information in this book, and make no warranty, expressed or
implied, with respect to its content.

Trademarks: Microsoft is a trademark or registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries. Some of the product names and company names included in this book have been used for
identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trade names of their respective manufacturers
and sellers. The authors, editors, and publisher disclaim any affiliation, association, or connection with, or
sponsorship or endorsement by, such owners.

Paradigm Education Solutions is independent from Microsoft Corporation and not affiliated with Microsoft in
any manner.

Cover Illustration Credit: © OtreeStudio/Shutterstock.com

Interior Image Credits: Follow the index.

We have made every effort to trace the ownership of all copyrighted material and to secure permission from copyright
holders. In the event of any question arising as to the use of any material, we will be pleased to make the necessary
corrections in future printings.

ISBN 978-0-763-89105-3 (print)

ISBN 978-0-763-89111-4 (digital)

© 2020 by Paradigm Publishing, LLC

875 Montreal Way
St. Paul, MN 55102
Email: [email protected]
Website: ParadigmEducation.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be adapted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
prior written permission from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 2 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 Contents
Preface......................................................................... v Chapter 4: Using OneDrive
Getting Started......................................................... ix
and Office Online Apps........................ 50
Skill 1: Use File Explorer to Access OneDrive
and Upload Student Data Files......................... 51
Chapter 1: Introducing
Skill 2: Sign In to and Out of OneDrive.com................. 53
Windows 10................................................ 1
Skill 3: Navigate between Folders and
Skill 1: Sign In to and Out of Windows 10........................ 2
Create a New Folder............................................... 55
Skill 2: Explore the Windows 10 Desktop,
Skill 4: Upload Files..................................................................... 57
Taskbar, and Start Menu.......................................... 3
Skill 5: Create a New Document in an
Skill 3: Open and Close Applications................................... 5
Office Online App.................................................... 59
Skill 4: Manipulate Windows.................................................... 7
Skill 6: Edit a File in an Office Online App...................... 60
Skill 5: Move between Open Windows............................. 9
Skill 7: Edit Documents in Office 365
Skill 6: Work with Menus, Toolbars, Ribbons, Applications................................................................. 61
and Dialog Boxes....................................................... 11
Skill 8: Share a Folder from OneDrive.............................. 64
Skill 7: Get Help in Windows.................................................. 14
Chapter 5: Taking Screenshots
Chapter 2: Managing Files...................16 and Using OneNote...............................66
Skill 1: Navigate between Local Volumes
Skill 1: Capture an Image of the Entire Screen............ 67
and Folders in File Explorer..................................17
Skill 2: Use Snip & Sketch to Capture
Skill 2: Control the Display of Hidden Files
a Portion of the Screen......................................... 69
and File Extensions.................................................. 19
Skill 3: Email an Image Using Snip & Sketch................. 72
Skill 3: Create and Rename a File or Folder................... 22
Skill 4: Create a Notebook, Sections, and Pages
Skill 4: Download and Extract Student
in OneNote ................................................................. 73
Data Files........................................................................... 24
Skill 5: Add Content to a Page in OneNote................... 76
Skill 5: Select Multiple Files and Folders......................... 26
Skill 6: Collect and Organize Online Content
Skill 6: Create a Compressed Archive (ZIP) File........... 27
in OneNote.................................................................. 78
Skill 7: Move and Copy Files.................................................. 29
Skill 7: Email a Link to OneNote Content........................ 80
Skill 8: Delete Files and Use the Recycle Bin................ 32
Skill 9: Search for a File............................................................. 34 Chapter 6: Customizing and
Chapter 3: Getting Information Maintaining Windows...........................82
Skill 1: Explore the Control Panel and
from the Internet.................................... 38 the Settings App...................................................... 83
Skill 1: Get Started with the Skill 2: Personalize the Desktop........................................... 86
Microsoft Edge Browser....................................... 39
Skill 3: Modify Screen Brightness
Skill 2: Use Tabbed Browsing................................................ 40 and Resolution............................................................... 89
Skill 3: Use Search Engines to Find Content.................. 41 Skill 4: Adjust the Sound Volume ...................................... 91
Skill 4: Download a File from a Website......................... 43 Skill 5: Connect to and Disconnect from
Skill 5: Save and Reopen Favorites..................................... 44 a Wireless Network................................................. 92
Skill 6: Review Browser History and Skill 6: Review Security, Maintenance,
Clear Browsing Data............................................... 45 and Update Settings.............................................. 94
Skill 7: Print a Web Page.......................................................... 47
Skill 8: Use Windows Search to Get
Information Online...................................................... 48

iii

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00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 4 6/5/19 12:21 PM
 Preface
Getting Started with Windows® 10 and Microsoft® Edge uses a simple, visual approach to
teach the necessary skills for using the Windows 10 operating system and Microsoft
Edge web browser, plus OneDrive and OneNote. It also introduces the Office apps,
tools for creating screenshots, and the Snip & Sketch app. This brief program will help
you gain the proficiency needed to open and use applications, navigate between and
within applications, manage files, get information from the internet, and share files and
information on a PC with Windows 10 installed. In addition, it will help you master basic
skills for customizing and maintaining the Windows operating system.

Courseware Based on Office Online and

Office 365 Features
Both Microsoft Office Online and Microsoft Office 365 are continually updated. Specific
features and functionality of Microsoft Office vary depending on the user’s account,
computer setup, and other factors. This edition of the Getting Started with Windows® 10
and Microsoft® Edge courseware was developed using features available in the 2019
version of Office Online and Office 365. You may find that with your computer and
version of the 2019 version of Office Online or Office 365, the appearance of the
software and the steps needed to complete an activity vary slightly from what is
presented in the courseware.

Course Features
The following guide shows how this textbook and its digital resources uses a visual,
step-by-step, competency-based approach to teach the basic skills you need to use
a PC running Windows 10 successfully at home, school, or work. Clear and concise
text and screen captures teach essential concepts, features, and skills in an easy-to-
understand format.

A chapter overview describes the topics

you will cover in the chapter.

A Skills You Learn list itemizes the tasks

you will be able to accomplish at the end
of the chapter.

A Files You Use section lists the student

data files you will need to complete the
skills in the chapter.

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 5 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 A skill introduction describes the features
and tasks you will explore in the skill.

Numbered steps and screen captures

provide instant reinforcement to help you
learn each skill quickly and easily.

Tips offer hints and troubleshooting

advice.

Another Way features provide alternative

methods for performing steps, including
keyboard shortcuts.

Skill Extras offer additional information

about the topics covered in a skill.

A Tasks Summary lists the key tasks

covered in the chapter, along with the
ribbon commands used to initiate them as
well as shortcuts and alternative ways to
perform them.

vi Preface

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 6 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 The Cirrus Solution
Elevating student success and instructor efficiency

Powered by Paradigm, Cirrus is the next-generation learning solution for developing

skills in Microsoft Office. Cirrus seamlessly delivers complete course content in a
cloud-based learning environment that puts students on the fast-track to success.
Students can access their content from any device anywhere, through a live internet
connection. Cirrus is platform independent, ensuring that students get the same
learning experience whether they are using PCs, Macs, or Chromebook computers.
Cirrus provides access to all the Getting Started with Windows® 10 and Microsoft® Edge
content, delivered in a series of scheduled assignments that report to a grade book
to track student progress and achievement. Assignments are grouped in modules,
providing many options for customizing instruction.

Dynamic Training
The Cirrus Getting Started with Windows® 10 and Microsoft® Edge courseware includes
interactive resources to support learning.
Student Data Files needed to complete the course activities, review exercises, and
assessments may be downloaded as a zipped file from the Course Resources section
of the online course and are also provided within Cirrus activities as needed.

Show and Practice Tutorials show students the steps

needed to complete each skill and then allow students
to practice on their own. These tutorials include simple
instructions and optional help.

Online Extras expand on the

topics covered in the textbook.
Read these brief summaries to
discover additional features and
functionality.

Review and Assessment

Review and assessment activities in the Cirrus environment offer multiple
opportunities to reinforce learning, apply skills, and check mastery.

A Knowledge Check presents

10 multiple-choice questions
on key concepts and features.

Preface vii

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 Skills Review exercises offer practice completing the skills.
Skills Application exercises provide more challenging practice, combining actions in a
different order and applying them in a slightly different context, with less direction.
Skills Assessment offers an opportunity to apply skills in an engaging, real-world
scenario without step-by-step guidance. Each assessment includes an image showing
how the student’s screen should look.

Student eBook
The Student eBook makes Getting Started with Windows® 10 and Microsoft® Edge content
available from any device (desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone) anywhere. The eBook is
accessed through the Cirrus online course.

Instructor eResources
Cirrus tracks students’ step-by-step interactions, giving instructors visibility into students’
progress and missteps. In addition to these Cirrus-specific tools, other instructor materials
are available. Accessed through Cirrus and visible only to instructors, the Instructor
eResources for Getting Started with Windows® 10 and Microsoft® Edge include the following
support:
• Answer keys and rubrics for evaluating responses to chapter exercises and assessments
• Lesson blueprints with teaching hints, lecture tips, and discussion questions
• Syllabus suggestions and course planning resources
• Chapter-based, multiple-choice exam banks in RTF format

Acknowledgments
Reese Bostic Brenda Nunn
Richmond Community College Skagit Valley College
Hamlet, NC Mount Vernon, WA

viii Preface

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 8 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 Getting Started
Microsoft Windows 10 is the latest version of Windows, the most popular operating
system in the world for personal computers. This courseware teaches you how to
use Windows 10 with the May 2019 Update installed to accomplish basic tasks on a
personal computer, such as running programs and managing files, as well as how to
customize and maintain the Windows operating system. It also introduces the Microsoft
Edge browser and shows you how to find information on the internet.
In addition, this courseware covers Microsoft applications designed to optimize your
use of a computer running Windows 10 May 2019 Update in a personal, work, or
academic environment. You will learn how to access OneDrive, a secure online storage
location, and how to use Office apps. You will also learn how to take screenshots and
how to collect, organize, and share research data using OneNote.

Student Data Files and Resources

This courseware includes online quizzes, student data files, interactive tutorials, Online
Extras, end-of-chapter review and assessment materials, and other student resources
that support the text. To complete this course, you will need access to the Cirrus
courseware plus a computer that has an internet connection and the Windows 10
operating system with the Microsoft Edge browser.
The student data files you will need to complete some of the skills, exercises, and
assessments are accessed from the online version of this course. Chapter 2 teaches you
how to download the student data files from the online course to a USB flash drive,
and Chapter 4 teaches you how to upload the student data files from the USB flash
drive to your OneDrive account. You do not need any student data files for Chapter 1.

Hardware and Software Requirements

This courseware is designed for a computer running a standard installation of
Microsoft Windows 10 Home or Microsoft Windows 10 Pro, with May 2019 Update, on
a desktop or laptop PC.

ix

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 Certain chapters and skills in this courseware also assume that you have the following
additional features:
• Internet access (for downloading the student data files, sending email, and using
online apps)
• A USB flash drive (for storing student data files)
• A printer
• Optional: Speakers or headphones, and a microphone (for communicating with
Cortana)

Note that Windows 10 will update over time. For that reason, you may see discrepancies
between the screen captures in this courseware and the interface on your computer
screen.

Starting Up and Shutting Down

If you are using a computer in a school lab environment, you might not need to start it
up or shut it down, because many labs leave their computers on throughout the day,
turning them off only at night. If you are using your own computer, though, you will
want to know how to turn it on and off.
• To turn on the computer: On the computer,
press the power button, which loads the
Windows 10 operating system. A sign-in
prompt appears when Windows has finished
loading. To sign in, see Chapter 1, Skill 1.
• To turn off the computer: On the Windows
taskbar, click the Start button, click Power,
and then click the Shut Down option.
Shutting down in this way also signs you Power
out. To sign out without shutting down, see
Chapter 1, Skill 1. Start button

Using a Mouse
A mouse is a pointing device, which means it controls an on-screen pointer that you use
to select text and graphics. The appearance of the on-screen pointer changes depending
on what you are doing, but usually it is a small white arrow.
Here are some basic skills to master with a mouse:
• Point: To move the mouse so that the on-screen pointer hovers over a specific object,
such as an icon.
• Click: To press and release the left mouse button once. Clicking usually selects the
object you are pointing at. You might click a file in a file listing to select it, for example.
• Double-click: To press and release the left mouse button twice quickly in succession.
Double-clicking usually activates the object you are pointing at. For example, if you
are pointing at an icon for an application, the application runs.

x Getting Started

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 10 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 • Right-click: To press and release the right left mouse right mouse
mouse button once. Right-clicking an button button
on-screen object usually opens a menu with
commands related to the object you are
pointing at. scroll
• Drag: To press and hold the left mouse wheel
button and then move the mouse, which
takes the object with it as it moves. The
primary reason for dragging is to move or
resize an object.
• Right-drag: To press and hold the right
mouse button and move the mouse. It is like
regular dragging, but when you release the
mouse button, a menu appears that you can
use to specify what you want to happen.
For example, when you right-drag a file, the
menu’s choices include moving, copying, and creating a shortcut to the file.
• Scroll: To rotate the mouse’s center wheel to scroll the content in the active window
up or down, as a shortcut for using the scroll bars in the window to change the view
of the content. Not every mouse has a wheel.

Using a USB Flash Drive

A flash drive is a small personal storage device.
You will need a flash drive to store and work
with the files needed to complete the skills in
this course.
A flash drive connects to a Universal Serial Bus
(USB) port on a personal computer. Nearly all
Windows 10 computers have multiple USB
ports. Some USB ports have higher maximum
transfer speeds than others, but any will work
for your flash drive for this course.
To connect a USB flash drive, press its
connector gently but firmly straight into an
empty USB port on the PC. It only fits in one
direction, so if the connector doesn’t go in
easily, try turning the drive over.

Creating an Account on a Windows PC

In a school or work setting, you will probably be assigned a user name and password
to use when signing in to Windows 10. The user name may be an email address. If you
already have a user name and password, there is no need to create another one to use
with this course.
If you do not already have a user name and password, you will need to create a new
user account. To do this, you must first be signed in to Windows 10 using an account
with Administrator privileges and connected to the internet. You must also either
have an existing email address or be prepared to create one during the process. Ask
your instructor for help if needed. After you have signed in to the computer using the
Administrator account, complete the following steps:

Getting Started xi

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 1 On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button and then click Settings.
2 In the Settings app, click Accounts.

Step
2

3 In the Navigation pane of the Accounts section, click Family & other users (or Family &
other people or just Other users on some systems).
4 In the right pane, click Add someone else to this PC.
5 Follow the prompts that appear, filling in information as requested, to create the
account. The prompts you see depend on whether you are creating a new email
address or using an existing one, and whether the email address you are using has
previously been registered with Microsoft. Close the Settings window when finished.

Step
5

Step
3

Step
4

xii Getting Started

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 12 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 After you create the account, you may be asked to verify the account, either by
responding to an email message or entering a code you get in a text message. Follow
the prompts to do so. The account shown in the examples in this course was created
using default settings.

Setting a Default Email Application

A few of the skills in this course involve sending email messages. This process is simple
if you have a default email application configured in Windows 10, because Windows 10
opens the application automatically and starts a new email. All you have to do is fill in
the recipient and the subject.
When you install Microsoft Office, its email application Microsoft Outlook may set itself
as the default application for handling email. Outlook is a good choice for the skills in
this course because it works seamlessly with most other Windows applications. However,
you can also choose to make a different email application the default if you wish. Your
choice of application must be a real application, and not just a web interface for web-
based email such as Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, or Outlook.com.
To set your default email application, follow these steps:

1 On the Windows taskbar, click in the search box and type default.
2 In the search results list, click Default apps System settings.
3 In the Default apps window, click the link for the current email app.

Step
2

Step
1
Step
3

Getting Started xiii

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 13 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 4 In the Choose an app list, click the desired application.
5 Click the Close button to close the Settings window.

Step
5

Step
4

Using a Touchscreen
This courseware assumes you are working on a desktop or laptop PC, and instructions
refer to the keyboard and mouse as the primary input devices. However, if you have a
touchscreen, you may use it for input in most cases. Note that touchscreens are different
from other types of input devices, and you will need some special skills to use this form of
device. Here are a few important terms you should know:

Tap (or touch). Tap the Stretch (or unpinch). Touch two
screen with one finger, fingers to the screen in adjacent
pressing and quickly spots and then drag the fingers
releasing on the same spot. farther apart. You stretch to zoom
You tap to make a selection in (and display a smaller area).
or issue a command.

Pinch. Touch two fingers Drag (or slide or swipe). Touch

to the screen in different one finger to the screen and then
spots and then drag the slide it along the surface. You drag
fingers together. You to perform a variety of functions,
pinch to zoom out (and depending on the software and
display a larger area). context. For example, dragging can
open menu bars, exit applications,
Rotate. Touch two fingers scroll the display, or move items
on the desired object or around on the screen.
area and then drag them
in a circular motion.

xiv Getting Started

00i-0xiv_Windows10-2019_FM.indd 14 6/5/19 12:21 PM

 Chapter 1
Introducing Windows 10
The online course includes
additional training and
Windows 10 is an operating system for personal computers. An operating system creates
assessment resources. the user interface that you interact with, runs programs, manages files, and connects to
networks. Windows 10 runs on many different computer types, including desktop PCs,
laptop PCs, and tablets.
The Windows environment is based on movable rectangular areas called windows.
Almost everything happens within a window, including running applications, browsing
the web, and working with files. In this chapter, you will learn to navigate the Windows
10 interface and how to open, close, and manipulate these windows. You will also learn
how to use some standardized controls within a window, such as menus, toolbars,
ribbons, and dialog boxes.

Skills You Learn

1 Sign In to and Out of Windows 10
2 Explore the Windows 10 Desktop, Taskbar, and Start Menu
3 Open and Close Applications
4 Manipulate Windows
5 Move between Open Windows
6 Work with Menus, Toolbars, Ribbons, and Dialog Boxes
7 Get Help in Windows

Files You Use

For these skills, you do not need any student data files.

001-015_Windows10-2019_Ch1.indd 1 6/5/19 3:15 PM

 Skill 1

Sign In to and Out of Windows 10

To use Windows, you must sign in. Signing in usually When you finish your Windows session, you should
involves selecting a user account and then typing a sign out. Signing out shuts down any running
password. Depending on how your school’s PCs are applications and data files and disconnects from any
configured, you may already have been assigned a user user-specific resources, such as your personal folders. If
name and password with which to sign in to Windows nobody will be using the computer for a while, you can
PCs. If so, use them in the following steps. If not, ask also shut down as you sign out. Shutting down exits
your instructor what user name and password to use. Windows entirely and turns off the computer’s power.

1 Power up the PC, if it is not already on.

2 If you see the Windows desktop, someone is
already signed in to the PC and you need to sign
out (see Steps 7–9). user name
TIP 3 If you see the Lock screen (displaying a full-screen
The Lock screen appears when graphic with the time and date), press any key or
nobody is signed in to Windows click anywhere on the screen to open the Sign-in
or when the signed-in user has screen.
locked the PC.
4 If you are prompted for your user name, type it. Step
TIP 5
Or, if you see your user name in the bottom left
In Step 4, if you are not
prompted for your user name corner of the screen, click it.
and do not see it in the lower 5 In the password box, type the password for your
left corner of the screen, click
Other user to display the account.
prompt.
6 Press Enter or click the Submit button to display
the desktop.
7­–9 Another Way
Right-click the Start button, 7 Click the Start button. Step
point to Shut down or sign out, 8
and then click Sign out. 8 On the Start menu, click the User Account icon. Step
9
TIP 9 On the menu, click Sign out to sign out of
In Step 8, if you have configured Windows without shutting down your computer.
a picture for your user account,
the picture appears instead of
the plain icon.
Step
7

Skill Extra
Signing Out of Windows and Shutting Down
Sometimes you might want to turn off the computer click Shut down. Alternatively, click Sleep to place the
completely, not just sign out. To do so, click the Start computer in a low-power state without shutting it down.
button, click the Power icon on the Start menu, and then

2 Chapter 1 Introducing Windows 10

001-015_Windows10-2019_Ch1.indd 2 6/5/19 3:15 PM

 Skill 2

Explore the Windows 10 Desktop,

Taskbar, and Start Menu
This skill describes the basic components of the button is a shortcut that stays where it is pinned. The
Windows 10 interface: the desktop, the Windows default pinned shortcuts on the Windows taskbar
taskbar, and the Start menu. include Talk to Cortana (covered in Chapter 3), Task
View, Microsoft Edge (covered in Chapter 3), File
Desktop Explorer (covered in Chapter 2), Microsoft Store, and
The desktop is the main Windows screen that you see
Mail. You can also pin your own favorite applications
after you sign in. As you open windows, the windows
there (see the Online Extras at the end of this skill).
appear on top of the desktop.
The Windows taskbar also displays a button for each
An icon is a small picture representing a file, folder, or
open window. You can switch to an open window by
program. By default there are two icons on the desktop:
clicking its button there. A button for an open window
Recycle Bin (covered in Chapter 2) and Microsoft Edge.
looks very much like a pinned shortcut, except that it
However, you may see others on your desktop. Some
has a colored line under it.
icons are shortcuts. A shortcut is a pointer to a file or
folder located elsewhere. For example, when some At the right side of the Windows taskbar is the
applications install, they create shortcuts on the desktop notification area. It contains buttons that represent
so you can run them more easily. programs and utilities that are running in the
background. You can right-click any of these buttons
Windows Taskbar to see a menu for managing it. At the far right end of
The Windows taskbar is the bar across the bottom the Windows taskbar is a clock and an Action Center
of the desktop. At the far left end is the Start button. button (for opening a pane showing alerts).
Clicking the Start button opens the Start menu, which
is a gateway to running installed applications and Start Menu
accessing system settings and utilities. Clicking the Start button opens the Start menu. The
Start menu contains shortcuts to many commonly
To the right of the Start button is a search box, which
used applications and utilities. Some of the shortcuts
provides access the Search feature. Searching is
on the Start menu appear as tiles (colored rectangles).
covered in Chapter 3.
The main function of the Start menu is to open
The Windows taskbar can hold pinned buttons for applications, which is covered in Skill 4.
easy access to commonly used applications. A pinned

icon

desktop

clock

Start button search box pinned buttons Windows taskbar notification area Action Center

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 1 If needed, sign in to Windows to display the desktop.
TIP 2 Drag the Recycle Bin icon to the upper right corner of
Dragging is covered in the Skill the desktop. Step
Extra at the end of these steps. 2
3 Drag the Recycle Bin icon back to its original
location.
Step
TIP 4 Point to the yellow folder button pinned to 4
In Step 4, if File Explorer is open, the Windows taskbar and read the ScreenTip
you will see a thumbnail image that displays its name: File Explorer.
of the window rather than a
ScreenTip. 5 Repeat Step 4 to see the names of all the
other pinned buttons on the Windows taskbar. Step
6
TIP 6 In the notification area, point to the icon that
If you do not see a speaker icon, looks like a speaker and read the ScreenTip that
perform Steps 6 and 9 on another displays the current speaker volume level.
icon in the notification area.
7 Click the Show hidden icons button to display Step
TIP a list of other notification area items. 8
The icons you see in the
Step
notification area will vary 8 Click away from the list to close it without 7
depending on what applications making a selection.
and utilities are running in the
background and what kind of 9 Right-click the speaker icon to display a
hardware the PC has. shortcut menu of speaker options.
10 Another Way 10 Click away from the menu to close it without
Press the Esc key. making a selection.
Step
11 Another Way 11 Click the Start button and then move the 9
Press the Windows logo key. mouse pointer up so that the icons’ names
appear.
TIP
Customizing Windows is 12 Click Settings.
covered in Chapter 6.
13 In the Settings window, notice the different
options for customizing Windows. Click the Step
12
Close button to close the window without
changing any settings.
Step
11

Step
13

Skill Extra
Dragging
To drag an icon with the mouse, position the mouse across the surface of the touchscreen. Dragging is
pointer over the item and then hold down the left mouse sometimes called dragging and dropping because when
button as you move the mouse. To drag on a touchscreen, you release the mouse button, the dragged item drops
touch and hold the item and then move your finger into place wherever the mouse pointer was.

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 Skill 3

Open and Close Applications

An application (or app) is software that performs some just click the tile. If you want to open an application
useful task, such as writing a letter, sending email, or that does not have a pinned tile on the Start menu,
looking up information online. Windows comes with a you can browse the list of installed applications that
variety of simple applications, and you can also acquire appears on the left side of the Start menu and choose
others. it from there. You can also click in the search box,
Some applications have shortcut tiles pinned to the start typing the name of the application, and then
Start menu. These applications are easy to open; choose the application in the search results list.

Open and Close Applications from the Start Menu

1 Click the Start button.
Step
2 Click the Photos tile. 2

3 Explore the Photos app by clicking the buttons along the top.
4 Another Way 4 Click the Close button to close the Photos window.
Press Alt + F4 to close almost
any window.
Step
4

Step
TIP 5 Click the Start button. 3
Windows also includes a
painting application called 6 Point to the right of the list of applications
Paint 3D, but in Step 8 you so that a scroll bar appears and then drag
should click Paint, not Paint 3D. the scroll box downward until you see the
W section.
TIP
The Paint application is useful 7 Click Windows Accessories to expand that Step
7
for drawing pictures and category.
making simple edits to photos.
8 Click Paint. You might need to scroll down
to find Paint on the list. Step
6

Step
5 Step
8

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 9­–10 Another Way 9 In the Paint window, click the File tab.
Click the Close button to close
the Paint window. 10 Click Exit to close the Paint window.

Steps
9–10
Step Another
9 Way

Step
10

Open and Close Applications Using the Search Box

TIP 11 On the Windows taskbar, click in the search box and then type note.
The first time you use the
search box, you might see a 12 In the search results list, click Notepad App.
different prompt, and you
might be asked a few 13 In the Notepad window, type your name.
questions. Respond to these
before continuing. 14 Click the Close button to close the Notepad window.

15 Click the Don’t Save button in the prompt asking if you want to save your work.

Step
14
Step
13
Step Step
12 15

Step Your search

11 results may
differ.

Skill Extra
Understanding Desktop and Microsoft Store Apps
Two types of applications run in Windows 10: desktop designed to run only on Windows 8 and higher. The
applications and Microsoft Store apps. A desktop Photos app you opened in this skill is an example. This
application is designed to run on full-size desktop and type of application is typically simpler and uses less
laptop computers. Desktop applications have existed memory to run because it is created to run on any
for decades. Examples include Notepad, Paint, and all Windows 10 device, including tablets. Windows 10 S
the Microsoft Office applications. A Microsoft Store app Mode, an edition of Windows designed for schools,
(sometimes called a Universal app or a Modern app) is runs only Microsoft Store apps.

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 Skill 4

Manipulate Windows
A window is a well-defined rectangular area onscreen • Restored: neither minimized nor maximized, and
in which an application runs, a file listing appears, therefore able to be moved and resized
or a message is displayed. As you saw in Skill 3, each You can move and resize a window to meet the needs
application opens in its own window. of the task you are performing. For example, if you
A window can appear in one of three states: have many windows open at once and you want to
• Maximized: enlarged to fill the entire screen see all of them at a glance, you can make each window
• Minimized: open but temporarily hidden from view relatively small and arrange them side by side.

1 On the Windows taskbar, click the File Explorer button to open the File Explorer
application.
2 Another Way 2 In the File Explorer window, click the Maximize button if the window is not already
Press Windows logo + Up maximized. The window enlarges to fill the entire screen and the Maximize button
Arrow. changes to a Restore Down button.

Step
2

3, 4 Another Way 3 Click the Restore Down button. The window returns to its pre-maximized size and
Press Windows logo + Down position and the Restore Down button changes back to a Maximize button.
Arrow.
4 Click the Minimize button. The window disappears but the app is still running.

Step
4 Step
3

5 On the Windows taskbar, click the File Explorer button. The File
Explorer window returns to its pre-minimized state and position. Step
5
TIP
A colored line under a button on
the Windows taskbar indicates
the application is open.

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 6 Point to the right border of the File Explorer window. The
mouse pointer becomes a right-and-left-pointing arrow. Step
6
TIP 7 Drag the border to the right to enlarge the window
Not all windows can be resized. horizontally.
Some applications have a fixed
window size set by the 8 Point to the lower right corner of the window. The mouse
programmers who created pointer becomes a diagonal two-headed arrow.
them.
9 Drag the border down and to the left to make the window Step
taller and narrower. 8

10 Point to the title bar at the top of the window. The mouse
pointer does not change in this case.
11 Press and hold down the left mouse button to drag the
window to a different location on the desktop.
12 Another Way 12 Click the Close button to close the File Explorer window.
Press Alt + F4.

Steps Step
10–11 12

Skill Extras
Minimizing All Open Windows Snapping Apps and Automatically
Here’s an easy way to minimize all windows at once: Maximizing Windows
click the Show Desktop button, which is the thin If you drag and drop an app window to the far right
vertical bar to the right of the clock and Action Center or left so it is at least halfway off the screen, and then
icon on the Windows taskbar. You can do the same drop it there, the window is resized and positioned to
thing by pressing Windows logo + M. cover the right or left half of the screen. This is called
Using the Keyboard to Move and Resize Windows snapping an app. If you drag and drop a window up so
its title bar touches the top of the screen, the window
If you right-click the title bar on a window, you see a
is automatically maximized.
shortcut menu containing Restore, Move, Size, Minimize,
Maximize, and Close options. After clicking Move, you Closing a Minimized Window
can move the window using the arrow keys. Similarly, To close a minimized window without restoring it first,
after clicking Size, you can change the window’s right-click its icon on the Windows taskbar and then
dimensions using the arrow keys. Press the Enter key click Close window.
when finished moving or sizing.

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 Skill 5

Move between Open Windows

When multiple windows are open at once, you will moving between windows. By experimenting with the
likely want to switch between them. This is called various methods, you can find the one you like best.
multitasking. There are many different ways of

1 On the Windows taskbar, click the Microsoft Edge button to open the Microsoft
TIP Edge web browser. Restore the window down if it is maximized.
If the items in Steps 1–3 do not 2 On the Windows taskbar, click the File Explorer button to open the File Explorer
appear on your Windows window. Restore the window down if it is maximized.
taskbar, click any three buttons
or icons of your choice. 3 In the notification area of the Windows taskbar, right-click the speaker icon and
TIP
then click Open Sound settings to open the Settings app to the Sound settings.
How to size and move windows
is covered in Skill 4.
Step Step
1 2 Step
3

TIP 4 If necessary, move and resize the three open windows to arrange them so that at
To move a maximized window, least a portion of each window is visible.
you must first restore it down
by clicking its Restore Down 5 On the Windows taskbar, click the Settings button to switch to that window and
button. make it active if needed.
6 Click any visible portion of the File Explorer window to switch to that window.

Step
4

Step
6

Step
5

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 7 Press the Alt key and hold it down while you press the Tab key repeatedly. You see
a screen containing a thumbnail of each open window, with the currently selected
window outlined.
8 Press the Tab key until the Microsoft Edge thumbnail is selected and then release
the Alt key. The Microsoft Edge window becomes active.

Step
Step
8
7

9 On the Windows taskbar, click the Task View button. Thumbnail images of the open
windows appear, similar to those in Steps 7–8, except these stay visible without
you having to hold down any keys.
10 Click the File Explorer thumbnail to make the File Explorer window active.

Step
10
TIP
You can use the vertical scroll
bar in Task View to scroll down
for quick access to files and
applications you have recently
used. This feature is called
Timeline.

Step
9

11 Press Alt + Esc to make a different window active.

12 Press Alt + Esc until File Explorer is once again active.

13 Another Way 13 Click the Close button on each open window to close the three open windows.
Press Alt + F4 three times. If prompted as you close Microsoft Edge, click Close all.

Skill Extra
Working with Multiple Desktops
When you have many windows open at once, your and then click the New desktop button in the upper
desktop can get cluttered. If you want to start with left corner on the desktop. Click anywhere in the new
a fresh-looking desktop without closing the open desktop to start working in it. To switch back to the
windows, you can create a new desktop. To do this, original desktop, click the Task View button again and
click the Task View button on the Windows taskbar then click the thumbnail of the original desktop.

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 Skill 6

Work with Menus, Toolbars, Ribbons,

and Dialog Boxes
Applications use a variety of interfaces to allow users Each tab, when clicked, displays buttons and options
to issue commands and make choices. Some apps the user can click to issue commands. In many cases,
(including Notepad and Windows Fax and Scan) use a the buttons and options are organized in groups.
menu system, in which a bar of menu names appears Microsoft Office applications use a ribbon, as do File
across the top of the window. The user clicks a menu Explorer and many of the applications that come with
name, a menu drops down, and the user clicks the Windows 10, like WordPad and Paint.
desired option on the menu. Some menu-based When clicked, some commands on menus, toolbars,
applications also use a toolbar, which is a row of and ribbons open dialog boxes. A dialog box is a
buttons (usually immediately below the menu bar), window that asks the user for information. The user
each representing a command. The user clicks the provides that information by clicking the controls in
button to issue the desired command. the dialog box and then clicking OK (or some similar
Instead of a menu system, other applications use a command) to send the information back to the
ribbon system. A ribbon is a toolbar with multiple tabs. application that requested it.

Use a Menu and Toolbar System

1 On the Windows taskbar, click in the search box and then type fax.
TIP 2 In the search results list, click Windows Fax and Scan App to open the application.
To use Windows Fax and Scan,
you need a scanner or a fax 3 In the Windows Fax and Scan window, click View on the menu bar to open the View
modem. However, you do not menu.
need either of those to explore
the application in this skill. 4 Point to the Zoom command to display its menu. Do not click any options in the
menu.

Step
3

Step Your search

2 results may
differ.
Step
4

Step
1

TIP 5 Point to Edit on the menu bar to open the Edit menu. Notice the Select All
If the Edit menu doesn’t open command with the Ctrl + A shortcut on the menu. Do not click the command.
when you point to Edit in
Step 5, click Edit. 6 Press the Esc key to close the menu and then press the Esc key again to deselect
Edit on the menu bar.
TIP
Most toolbar buttons have
menu equivalents, and some
also have keyboard equivalents.
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 7 Point to the New Fax button on the
toolbar so that a ScreenTip appears
showing an explanation of the
command. Do not click the button. Step
7
Use a Dialog Box
8 On the menu bar, click Tools.
Step
9 On the menu that appears, click Options. 13
10 In the Fax Options dialog box, Step
click the Receipts tab. 10

11 Click the E-mail To option Step

button to select it. 11
TIP 12 Click the Attach a copy of the
Check boxes are used for on/off sent fax check box to insert a Step
settings. Unlike option buttons, check mark. 12
they are independent, meaning
that selecting one does not 13 Click the Compose tab.
deselect another.
14 Click the Font settings button
to open the Font dialog box.
TIP 15 Click the Color drop-down list
A drop-down list displays a box arrow to open the color
menu of choices, such as colors, palette.
fonts, or sizes.
16 Click the Red option.

17 Click OK to close the Font Step

dialog box. 17
Step
18 Click the Cancel button to close 16
the Fax Options dialog box
without saving your changes. Step
15
19 Click the Close button to close
the Windows Fax and Scan application.

Use a Ribbon
20 On the Windows taskbar, click in the search box, type wordpad, and then click
WordPad App in the search results list to open the application.
21 Click the View tab to see the
commands on that tab. Step
21

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 TIP 22 Click the Home tab to see the commands on that tab.
Ribbon buttons and options
(like toolbar buttons and 23 Point to the Align text left button in the Paragraph group to display its ScreenTip
options) may have drop-down and then click the button to select it, if it is not already selected.
lists.
24 Click the Center button to select it. Notice that the Align text left button is no
longer selected.

Step Step
23 24

Step
22

25 Click the File tab. The File tab is different from the other tabs; rather than
displaying choices on the ribbon, it opens a menu.
26 Point to Save as and review the options on the submenu that opens. Do not click
any of the options.
27 Click Exit to close WordPad. If prompted to save changes, click the Don’t Save
button.

Step
25

Step
26

Step
27

Skill Extra
Using Contextual Tabs on a Ribbon
Certain ribbon tabs appear only when something tab is available. If you are following steps that ask you
triggers them in the application, such as when a certain to select a particular ribbon tab that you don’t see,
kind of content is selected. This type of tab is called a check to make sure you have selected the object that
contextual tab. For example, in File Explorer, when you would make that tab appear.
have selected a picture file, the Manage Picture Tools

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 Skill 7

Get Help in Windows

Windows 10 provides help in several different ways. box on the taskbar, and you can use the Get Help
You can search for help information using the search application.

1 On the Windows taskbar,

click in the search box and
then type time zone.
2 In the search results list, click
Change the time zone System Step
settings to open the Settings 2
app.
3 Click the Close button to
close the Settings app
without changing any Search
settings. results
may vary.
4 On the Windows taskbar, click Step
in the search box and then 1
type get help.
5 In the search results list, click
Get Help App to open the Get
Help application. A Virtual
Agent window appears.
Step
7
6 In the text box at the bottom
of the window, type Set up a
microphone and press Enter.
Information appears about
that topic.
7 Click the Close button.

Step
6

Skill Extra
Troubleshooting Network Problems
If you ever have a problem with your network connec- notification area of the Windows taskbar and then click
tion, here’s an easy and direct way to start the network Troubleshoot problems in the shortcut menu.
troubleshooter. Right-click the networking icon in the

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 Tasks Summary
Task Button/Icon/Option Action
Click Close button. (Alternative methods: Press Alt + F4. OR Click
close app
File menu or tab, click Exit.)
display commands for
Right-click feature icon.
feature in notification area
Click Maximize button. (Alternative method: Press Windows logo +
maximize window
Up Arrow.)
Click Minimize button. (Alternative method: Press Windows logo +
minimize window
Down Arrow.)
move desktop icon Drag icon to desired location.
move window Point to window title bar and drag window to the desired location.
open Start menu Click Start button. (Alternative method: Press Windows logo key.)
Point to window border or corner until two-headed arrow appears,
resize window
drag border or corner.
Click Restore Down button. (Alternative method: Press Windows
restore window
logo + Down Arrow.)
search for app, feature, On Windows taskbar, click in search box, type app or feature name
or help or help topic, click match in search results list.
show hidden notification In Windows taskbar notification area, click Show hidden icons button
icons arrow.
Power up computer if needed, press any key or click to clear Lock
sign in to Windows
screen if needed, type password in password box, press Enter.
sign out from Windows Click Start button, click name of currently signed-in user, click Sign
without shutting down out.
sign out from Windows and
Click Start button, click Power button, click Shut down.
shut down
start app from Start menu Click Start button, click app shortcut or tile.
start app from Windows
Click pinned button.
taskbar
On Windows taskbar, click Task View button, click app thumbnail.
(Alternative methods: Click button on Windows taskbar. OR Press
switch windows
and hold Alt key, press Tab key until thumbnail is selected, release
key.)
On toolbar or ribbon or in dialog box, click box arrow, click desired
use list box drop-down list
item in drop-down list.
Click menu name, point to command to display submenu if needed,
use menu
click desired command.
use buttons and check
Click button or check box.
boxes
use ribbon On ribbon, click desired tab. In group, click desired button or control.
use toolbar or Windows On toolbar or Windows taskbar, point to button to display ScreenTip,
taskbar button click button to issue command.

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Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
Thet skrift fon Bêden.
Mine nôm is Bêden, Hachgâna his svn. Konerêd min êm is nimmer
bostigjath ånd alsa bernlâs sturven. My heth mån in sin stêd koren. Adel
thene thredde kåning fon thjuse nôme heth thju kêse godkêrth, mites ik him
as mina måstre bikenna wilde. Buta thåt fvlle erv minre êm heth-er mi en
êle plek grvnd jêven thåt an mina erva pâlade, vnder fârwêrde that ik thêrvp
skolde månniska stålla ther sina ljuda nimmerthe skolde1.

thêrvmbe wil ik thet hir-ne sted forjune.

1 Here there are wanting in the manuscript twenty pages (perhaps more), in which
Beeden has written about the King, Adel the Third, called Ubbo by the writers of our
chronicles.
Brêf fon Rika thju aldfam, vpseid to
Staveren by-t jolfêrste.
Jy alle hwam his êthla mith Friso hir kêmon, min êrbydnesse to jo. Alsa jy
mêne, send jy vnskeldich an afgodie. Thêr nil ik jvd navt vr sprêka, men jvd
wil ik jo vppen brek wysa, thåt fê bêtre sy. Jy wêtath jeftha jy nêtath navt,
ho Wralda thusand glornôma heth, thach thåt wêtath jy alle thåt hy warth
Alfêder hêten, ut êrsêke thåt alles in ut him warth ånd waxth to fêding sinra
skepsela. T-is wêr, thåt Irtha warth bihwyla âk Alfêdstre hêten, thrvchdam
hju alle früchd ånd nochta bêrth, hwermitha månnisk ånd djar hjara selva
fêde. Thach ne skolde hju nêne früchd ner nocht navt ne bêra, bydam
Wralda hja nêne krefta ne jêf. Ak wiva ther hjara bern måma lêta an hjara
brosta, werthat fêdstra hêten. Thâ ne jêf Wralda thêr nên melok in, sa ne
skoldon tha bern thêr nêne bâte by finda. Sâ thåt by slot fon reknong Wralda
allêna fêder bilywet. Thåt Irtha bihwyla warth Alfêdstre heten, ånd êne
måm fêdstre, kån jeta thrvch-ne wende, men thåt-ne mån him lêt fêder hête
vmbe thåt er tât sy, thåt strid with-åjen alle rêdnum. Thâ ik wêt wânât thjus
dwêshêd wêi kvmth. Hark hyr, se kvmth fon vsa lêtha, ånd sâhwersa thi
folgath werthe, sâ skilun jy thêrthrvch slâvona wertha to smert fon Frya ånd
jowe hâgmod to.ne straf. Ik skil jo melda ho-t by tha slâvona folkar to
gvngen is, thêr åfter mêi jy lêra. Tha poppa kåningar tham nêi wilkêr lêva,
stêkath Wralda nêi thêre krône, ut nyd that Wralda Alfêder hêt, sa wildon
hja fêdrum thêra folkar hêta. Nw wêt allera mannalik thåt-ne kêning navt
ovir-ne waxdom ne welth, ånd thåt im sin fêding thrvch thåt folk brocht
warth, men thach wildon hja fvlherdja by hjara formêtenhêd. Til thju hja to-
ra dol kvma machte, alsa hâvon hja thet forma navt fvldên wêst mith tha
frya jefta, men håvon hja thåt folk êne tins vplêid. Fori thene skåt, tham
thêrof kêm, hêradon hja vrlandiska salt-âtha, tham hja in-om hjara hova
lêidon. Forth namon hja alsa fêlo wiva, as-ra luste, ånd tha lithiga forsta ånd
hêra dêdon al-ên. As twist ånd tvyspalt åfternêi inna hûshaldne glupte ånd
thêr-vr klâchta kêmon, thâ håvon hja sêid, ja-hweder mån is thêne fêder fon
sin hûshalden, thêrvmbe skil-er thêr âk bâs ånd rjuchter ovir wêsa. Thâ kêm
wilkêr ånd êvin as tham mitha månnum in ovir tha hûshaldne welde, gvng
er mit tha kåningar in ovir hjara stât ånd folkar dvan. Thâ tha kåningar et
alsa wyd brocht hêdon, thåt hja fêderum thêra folkar hête, thâ gvngon hja to
ånd lêton byldon åfter hjara dântne mâkja, thissa byldon lêton hja inna tha
cherka stalla nêst tha byldon thêra drochtne ånd thi jena tham thêr navt far
bûgja nilde, warth ombrocht jeftha an kêdne dên. Jow êthla ånd tha
Twisklandar håvon mitha poppa forsta ommegvngen, dâna håvon hja thjuse
dwêshêd lêred. Tha navt allêna thåt svme jower mån hjara selva skeldich
mâkja an glornôma râw, âk mot ik my vr fêlo jower wiva biklâgja. Werthat
by jo mån fvnden, tham mith Wralda an ên lin wille, thêr werthat by jo wiva
fvnden, thêr et mêi Frya wille. Vmbe thåt hja bern bêred håve, lêtath hja
hjara selva modar hêta. Tha hja vrjettath, that Frya bern bêrde svnder
jengong ênis mån. Jå navt allêna thåt hja Frya ånd tha êremodar fon hjara
glor-rika nôma birâwa wille, hwêran hja navt nâka ne müge, hja dvath alên
mitha glornôma fon hjara nêsta. Thêr send wiva thêr hjara selva lêtath
frovva hêta, afsken hja wête thåt thjuse nôme allêna to forsta wiva hêreth.
Ak lêtath hja hjara toghatera fâmna hêta, vntankes hja wête, thåt nêne
mangêrt alsa hêta ne mêi, wâra hju to êne burch hêrth. Jy alle wânath thåt jy
thruch thåt nôm râwa bêtre werthe, thach jy vrjettath thåt nyd thêr an klywet
ånd thåt elk kwâd sine tuchtrode sêjath. Kêrath jy navt ne wither, sâ skil tid
thêr waxdom an jêva, alsa stêrik thåt mån et ende thêr of navt bisjâ ne mêi.
Jow åfterkvmanda skilun thêr mith fêterath wertha, hja ne skilun navt ne
bigripa hwânat thi slâga wêi kvme. Men afskên jy tha fâmna nêne burch
bvwe ånd an lot vrlête, thach skilun thêr bilywa, hja skilun fon ut wald ånd
holum kvma, hja skilun jow åfterkvmande biwysa thåt jy thêr willens
skildech an send. Thån skil mån jo vrdema, jow skina skilun vrfêrth fon ut-a
grêvum rysa, hja skilun Wr.alda, hja skilun Frya ånd hjara fâmna anhropa,
thâ nimman skil-er åwet an bêtra ne müge, bifâre thåt Jol in op en ore
hlâphring trêth, men thåt skil êrist bêra as thrê thûsand jêr vrhlâpen send
åfter thisse êw.

Ende fon Rikas brêf.1

thêrvmbe wil ik thåt forma vr swarte Adel skriva. Swarte Adel wêre thene
fjurde kening åfter Friso. Bi sin jüged heth-er to Texland lêred, åfternêi
heth-er to Stâveren lêred, ånd forth heth-er thrvch ovir alle stâta fâren. Thâ
thåt er fjuwer ånd tvintich jêr wêre, heth sin tât mâked thåt-er to Asega-
âskar kêren is. Thâ-er ênmel âskar wêre, âskte hi altid in-t fârdêl thêra årma.
Tha rika, sêd-er, plêgath ênoch vnrjuchta thinga thrvch middel fon hjara
jeld, thêrvmbe âgon wi to njvdane thåt tha årma nêi vs omme sjan. Thrvch
thâ-s ånd ôra rêdne wêr-i thene frjund thêra årma ånd thêra rika skrik. Alsa
årg is-t kvmen thåt sin tât him nêi tha âgum sach. Thâ sin tât fallen was, ând
hy vppa tham-his sêtel klywed, thâ wild-er êvin god sin ambt bihalda, lik as
tha keningar fon-t âsta plêgath. Tha rika nildon thåt navt ne dâja, men nw
hlip allet ôra folk to hâpe, ånd tha rika wêron blyde that hja hêl-hûd-is fon
thêre acht ofkêmon. Fon to ne hêrade mån nimmar mâra ovir êlika rjucht
petârja. Hi dumde tha rika ånd hi strykte tha årma, mith hwam his helpe hi
alle sêkum âskte, thêr-er bistek vp hêde. Kening Askar lik-er immer hêten
warth, wêre by sjugun irthfêt lônge, sâ grât sin tôl wêr, wêron âk sina krefta.
Hi hêde-n hel forstân, sâ thåt-er alles forstânde, hwêrwr that sprêken warth,
thach in sin dvan ne macht mån nêne wisdom spêra. Bi-n skên ônhlite hêd-
er êne glade tonge, men jeta swarter as sin hêr is sine sêle fvnden. Thâ that-
er ên jêr kening wêre, nêdsêkte hi alle knâpa fon sin stât, hja skoldon
jerlikis vppet kåmp kvma ånd thêr skin-orloch mâkja. In-t êrost hêde-r thêr
spul mith, men to tha lersta warth-et sâ menêrlik, that ald ånd jong ut alle
wrdum wêi kêmon to frêjande jef hja machte mith dva. Thâ hi-t alsa fêre
brocht hêde, lêt-er wêrskola stifta. Tha rika kêmon to bârane ånd sêidon,
that hjara bern nw nên lêsa nach skryva navt ne lêrade. Askar ne melde-t
navt, men as thêr kirt åfter wither skin-orloch halden warth, gvng-er vppen
vpstal stonda, ånd kêtha hlûd. Tha rika sind to my kvmen to bârana, thåt
hjara knâpa nên lêsa nach skryva noch lêra, ik n.åv thêr nawet vp sêith,
thach hir wil ik mine mênong sedsa, ånd an tha mêna acht bithinga lêta. Thâ
alrek nw nêisgyrich nêi him vpsach, sêid-er forther, nêi min bigrip mot mån
hjud thåt lêsa ånd skriva tha fâmna ånd alda lichta vrlêta. Ik n-il nên kwâd
sprêka vr vsa êthla, ik wil allêna sega, vndera tyda hwêrvp thrvch svme sâ
herde bogath warth, håvon tha burchfâmna twyspalt inovir vsa lânda brocht,
ånd tha Modera für ånd nêi ne kvndôn twyspalt navt wither to-t land ut ne
dryva. Jeta årger, thahwila hja kålta ånd petårade vr nâdelâsa plêga, send tha
Gola kvmen ånd hâvon al vsa skêna sûdarlanda râweth. Hêmisdêga send hja
mith vsa vrbrûda brotharum ånd hjara salt-âthum al overa Skelda kvmen, vs
rest thus to kjasane twisk-et bêra fon juk jef swêrd. Willath wi fry bilywâ,
alsa âgon tha knâpa thåt lêsa ånd skryva fârhôndis åfterwêi-n to lêtane ånd
in stêde that hja invppa mêide hwip ånd swik spêle, moton hja mith swêrd
ånd spêr spêla. Send wi in alle dêla ofned ånd tha knâpa stor enoch vmb
helmet ånd skild to bêrane ånd tha wêpne to hôntêrane, then skil ik my mith
jower helpa vppa thene fjand werpa. Tha Gola mêieath then tha nitherlêga
fon hjara helpar ånd salt-âthum vppa vsa fjeldum skryva mith-et blod, thåt
ût hjara wndum drjupth. Håvon wi thene fyand ên mel far vs ût drêven, alsa
moton wi thêrmith forth gvnga, alhwenne thêr nên Gola ner Slâvona nach
Tartara mâra fon Fryas erv to vrdryvane send. Tha-s rjucht, hrypon tha
mâsta ånd tha rika ne thvradon hjara mvla navt êpen ne dva. Thjus tosprêke
hêd er sekur to fara forsonnen ånd vrskriva lêten, hwand s-êwendis fon
thêre selvare dêi wêron tha ofskriftum thêra hwel in twintich hônda ånd thi
alle wêron ênishlûdende. Afternêi bifel-er tha skipmanna, hja skoldon
dubbele fârstêwene mâkja lêta, hwêran mån êne stêlen krânboga macht
fåstigja. Thêra thêr åfterwêi bilêv warth bibot, kvn imman swêra that-er
nêne midle navt nêde, alsa moston tha rika fon sin gâ-t bitalja. Hjud skil
mån sjan hwêr vppa al thåt bâ hêi ûthlâpen is. An-t north-ende fon Britanja
thåt fvl mith hâga bergum is, thêr sit en Skots folk, vr-et mâradêl ût Fryas
blod sproten, vr-a êne helte send hja ût Kåltanafolgar, vr-et ôra dêl ût Britne
ånd bannane, thêr by grâdum mith tyd fon-ût-a tinlônum thêr hinna fljuchte.
Thêr ut-a tinlôna kêmon, håvath algadur vrlandiska wiva jeftha fon vrlandis
tuk. Thi alle send vnder-et weld thêra Golum, hjara wêpne send woden boga
ånd spryta mith pintum fon herthis-hornum âk fon flintum. Hjara hûsa send
fon sâdum ånd strê ånd svme hêmath inna hola thêra bergum. Skêpon thêr
hja râwed håve, is hjara ênge skåt. Mong tha åfterkvmanda thêra
Kåltanafolgar håvath svme jeta ysera wêpne, thêr hja fon hjara êthlum
urven håve. Vmbe nw god forstân to werthande, môt ik min telling vr thåt
Skotse folk resta lêta, ånd êwet fon tha hêinda Krêkalanda skriva. Tha
hêinda Krêkalanda håvon vs to fara allêna to hêrath, men sunt vnhüglika
tidum håvon ra thêr âk åfterkvmanda fon Lyda ånd fon Finda nitherset, fon
tha lersta kêmon to tha lersta en êle hâpe fon Trôje. Trôje alsa heth êne
stêde hêten, thêr et folk fon tha fêre Krêkalanda innomth ånd vrhomelt heth.
Thâ tha Trôjana to tha hêinda Krêkalandum nestled wêron, tha håvon hja
thêr mith tid ånd flit êne sterke stêd mith wâlla ånd burgum bvwed, Rome,
that is Rum, hêten. Thâ thåt dên was, heth thåt folk him selva thrvch lest
ånd weld fon thåt êle lând mâster mâked. Thåt folk thåt anda sûdside thêre
Middelsê hêmth, is fâr-et mâra dêl fon Fhonysja wêi kvmen. Tha
Fhonysjar2 send en bastred folk, hja send fon Fryas blod ånd fon Findas
blod ånd fon Lyda his blod. Thåt folk fon Lyda send thêr as slâvona, men
thrvch tha vntucht thêr wyva håvon thissa swarte månniska al-et ôra folk
bastered ånd brun vrfårvet. Thit folk ånd tham fon Rome kåmpath ôlân
vmb-et mâsterskip fon tha Middelsê. Forth lêvath tham fon Roma an
fjandskip with tha Fonysjar, ånd hjara prestera thêr-et rik allêna welda wille
wr irtha, ne mügon tha Gola navt ne sjan. Thåt forma håvon hja tha
Fphonysjar Mis-selja ofnomen, dânâ alle landa, thêr sûdward, westward ånd
northward lidsa, âk et sûdardêl fon Britanja, ånd allerwêikes håvon hja tha
Fonysjar prestera, that hêth tha Gola vrjâgeth, dânâ sind thusanda Gola nêi
north Brittanja brit. Kirt vrlêden was thêr tha vreste thêra Golum sêten vppa
thêre burch, thêr is kêthen Kêrenåk that is herne, hwanath hi sin bifêla jef
an alle ôra Gola. Ak was thêr al hjara gold togadur brocht. Kêren herne
jeftha Kêrenåk is êne stênen burch, thêr êr an Kålta hêrde. Thêrvmbe
wildon tha fâmna fon tha åfterkvmande thêra Kåltana-folgar tha burch
wither hâ. Alsa was thrvch tha fyanskip thêra fâmna ånd thêra Golum faithe
ånd twist in ovir thåt Berchland kvmen mith morth ånd brônd. Vsa stjûrar
kêmon thêr fâken wol hâlja, thåt hja sellade fori tobirêde hûdum ånd linne.
Askar was often mith wêst, an stilnesse hêd-er mith tha fâmna ånd mith
svme forstum âtskip sloten, ånd him selva forbonden vmbe tha Gola to
vrjâgane ût Kêrenåk. As-er thêrnêi wither kêm jêf hi tha forsta ånd
wigandliksta manna ysere helma ånd stêla boga. Orloch was mith kvmen
ånd kirt åfter flojadon strâma blod by tha hellinga thêra bergum del. Thâ
Askar mênde that kans him tolâkte, gvng-er mith fjuwertich skêpum hin
ånd nam Kêrenåk ånd thene vreste thêra Golum mith al sine gold. Thåt folk
wêrmith hi with tha salt-âthum thera Golum kåmped hêde, hêd-er ût-a
Saxanamarkum lvkt mith lofte fon grâte hêra-râve ånd but. Thus warth tha
Gola nêwet lêten. Afternêi nam-er twâ êlanda to berch far sinum skêpum,
ånd hwânath hi lêter ûtgvng vmb alle Fonysjar skêpa ånd stêda to birâwane
thêr hi bigâna kv. Tha er tobek kêm brocht-i tomet sexhvndred thêra
storeste knâpum fon thåt Skotse berchfolk mith. Hi sêide that hja him to
borgum jêven wêren, til thju hi sêkur wêsa machte thåt tha eldra him skolde
trow bilywa, men-t was jok, hi hild ra as lifwêre et sina hova, thêr hja allera
distik les krêjon in-t ryda ånd in-t hôndtêra fon allerlêja wêpne. Tha
Denamarkar tham hjara selva sunt lông boppa alle ôra stjûrar stoltlike
sêkåmpar hête, hêdon sâ ringe navt fon Askar sina glorrika dêdum navt ne
hêred, jef hja wrdon nydich thêr vr, thêrmête, that hja wilde orloch brensa
over-ne sê ånd over sina landa. Sjan hyr, ho hi orloch formitha machte.
Twisk tha bvwfala thêre vrhomelde burch Stavja was jeta êne snode
burchfâm mith svme fâmna sêten. Hjra nôme was Rêintja ånd thêr gvng en
grâte hrop fon hira wishêd ût. Thjus fâm bâd an Askar hjra helpe vnder
bithing, that Askar skolde tha burch Stavja wither vpbvwa lête. As-er him
thêr to forbonden hêde, gvng Rêintja mith thrim fâmna nêi Hals,3 nachtis
gvng hju rêisa ånd thes dêis kêthe hju vppa alle markum ånd binna alle
mêidum. Wralda sêide hju hêde hja thrvch thongar tohropa lêta thåt allet
Fryas folk moston frjunda wertha, lik sustar ånd brothar tâmed, owers
skolde Findas folk kvma ånd ra alle fon irtha vrdilligja. Nêi thongar wêron
Fryas sjvgun wâkfâmkes hja anda drâme forskinnen, sjvgun nachta åfter
ekkô-rum. Hja hêde seith boppa Fryas landum swabbert ramp mith juk ånd
kêdne omme. Thêrvmbe moton alle folkar thêr ût Frya sproten send hjara
tonôma wêi werpa ånd hjara selva allêna Fryas bern jeftha folk hêta. Forth
moton alle vpstonda ånd et Findas folk fon Fryas erv dryva. Nillath hja thåt
navt ne dva, alsa skilun hja slâvona benda vmbe hjara halsa krêja, alsa
skilun tha vrlandaska hêra hjara bern misbruka ånd frytra lêta, til thju thåt
blod sygath inna jowre grêva. Thån skilun tha skinna jowre êthla jo kvma
wekja ånd jo bikyvja vr jo lefhêd ånd vndigerhêd. Thåt dvme folk, thåt
thrvch todvan thêra Mâgyara al an sa fül dwêshêd wenth was, lâvadon alles
hwat hju sêide ånd tha måmma klimdon hjara bern åjen hjara brosta an. Thâ
Rêintja thene kening fon Hals ånd alle ôthera manniska to êndracht
vrwrocht hede, sand hju bodon nêi Askar ånd tâg selva alingen thene Balda
sê. Dânâ gvng hju by tha Hlith-hâwar, althus hêten vmbe that hja hjara
fyanda immer nêi thet ônhlite hâwe. Tha Hlithhâwar send britne ând
bannene fon vs åjn folk thåt inna tha Twisklanda sit ånd omme dwarelt.
Hjara wyva hâvon hja mêst algadur fon tha Tartara râwed. Tha Tartara sênd
en dêl fon Findas slachte ånd althus thrvch tha Twisklandar hêten vmbe thåt
hja nimmerthe nên frêtho wille, men tha månniska alti ût tarta to strydande.
Forth gvng hju åftera Saxnamarka tweres thrvch tha ôra Twisklanda hin,
allerwêikes thåt selva ûtkêtha. Nêi twam jêr om wêron, kêm hju allingen
thêre Rêne to honk. By tha Twisklandar hede hju hjara selva as Moder ûtjân
ånd sêid thåt hja mochton as fry ånd franka månniska wither kvma, men
thån mosten hja ovir tha Rêne gvngga ånd tha Gola folgar ût Fryas
sûdarlandum jâgja. As hja thåt dêde, sa skolde hjra kêning Askar overa
Skelda gvngga ånd thêr thåt land ofwinna. By tha Twisklandar send fêlo
tjoda plêga fon tha Tartarum ånd Mâgjara binna glupt, men âk fül send thêr
fon vsa sêdum bilêwen. Thêr thrvch håvath hja jeta fâmna thêr tha bern lêra
ånd tha alda rêd jeva. Bit-anfang wêron hja Reintja nydich, men to tha lesta
wårth hju thrvch hjam folgath ånd thjanjath ånd allerwêikes bogath, hwêr-et
nette ånd nêdlik wêre.

Alsa ringen Askar fon Rêintja hjra bodon fornom ho tha Juttar nygath
wêron, sand hi bistonda bodon fon sinant wegum nêi tha kåning fon Hals.
Thåt skip, wêrmith tha bodon gvngon, was fvl lêden mith fâmna syrhêdum
ånd thêr by wêr en golden skild, hwêrvppa Askar his dânte kunstalik was
utebyld. Thissa bodon mosten frêja jêf Askar thes kåning his toghter
Frêthogunsta to sin wif håve machte. Frêthogunsta kêm en jêr lêter to
Stâveren, bi hjara folgar wêre âk ênen Mâgy, hwand tha Juttar wêron sunt
lông vrbrud. Kirt åfter that Askar mith Frêthogunsta bostigjath was, wårth
thêr to Stâveren êne scherke bvwad, inna thju scherke wrdon tjoda drochten
lykanda byldon stålth mith gold trvch wrochtne klâthar. Ak is er biwêrath
that Askar thêr nachtis ånd vntydis mith Frêthogunsta fâr nitherbuwgade.
Men sâ fül is sêkur, thju burch Stavia ne wårth navt wither vpebvwed.
Rêintja was al to bek kvmen, ånd gvng nydich nêi Prontlik thju Moder et
Texland bârja. Prontlik gvng to ånd sand allerwêikes bodon thêr ûtkêthon,
Askar is vrjêven an afgodie. Askar dêde as murk-i-t navt, men vnwarlingen
kêm thêr êne flâte ût Hals. Nachtis wrdon tha fâmna ût-êre burch drywen,
ånd ogtins kvn mån fon thêre burch allêna êne glandere hâpe sjan. Prontlik
ånd Rêintja kêmon to my vmb skul. Thå ik thêr åfternêi vr nêi tochte, lêk it
my to, that it kwâdlik fâr min stât bidêja kvste. Thêrvmbe håvon wi to
sêmne êne lest forsonnen, thêr vs alle bâta most. Sjan hyr ho wi to gvngen
send. Middel in-t Krylwald biasten Ljvwerde lêith vsa fly jeftha wêra, thêr
mån allêna thrvch dwarlpâda mêi nâka. In vppa thjus burch hêd ik sunt
lônge jonga wâkar stald, thêr alle êne grins an Askar hêde, ånd alle ôra
månniska dânath halden. Nv wast bi vs âk al sa wyd kvmen, thåt fêlo wyva
ånd âk manna al patêrade vr spoka, witte wyva ånd uldermankes, lik tha
Dênamarkar. Askar hêde al thissa dwâshêde to sin bâta anwenth ånd thåt
wildon wi nv âk to vsa bâta dva. Bi-ne thjustre nacht brocht ik tha fâmna
nêi thêre burch ånd dânâ gongen hia mith hjara fâmna in thrvch tha dwarl-
pâda spokka in wttta klâthar huled, sâ that thêr afternêi nên månnisk mâra
kvma ne thvrade. Tha Askar mênde thåt-er thu hônda rum hêde, lêt-i tha
Mâgjara vnder allerlêja nôma thrvch ovir sina stâta fâra ând bûta Grênegâ
ând bûta mina stât ne wrdon hja nårne navt ne wêrath. Nêi that Askar alsa
mith tha Juttar ånd tha ôra Dênamarkar forbonden was, gvngon hja
alsêmina râwa; thach that neth nêne gode früchda bâred. Hja brochton
allerlêja vrlandiska skåta to honk. Men just thêr thrvch nildon thåt jong folk
nên ambacht lêra, nach vppa tha fjeldum navt ne werka, sâ that hi to tha
lersta wel slâvona nimma moste. Men thit was êl al åjen Wralda his wille
ånd åjen Fryas rêd. Thêrvmbe kv straf navt åfterwêga ne bilywa. Sjan hyr
ho straffe kvmen is. Ênis hêdon hja to sêmine êne êle flâte wnnen, hju kêm
fon ûta Middelsê. Thjus flâte was to lêden mith purpera klâthar ånd ôra
kostelikhêd, thêr alle fon of Phonisja kêmon. Thåt wraka folk thêre flâte
wårth bisûda thêre Sêjene an wal set, men thåt stora folk wårth halden. Thåt
most ra as slâvona thianja. Tha skêneste wrdon halden vmbe vppet land to
bilywane ånd tha lêdliksta ånd swartste wrdon an bord halden vmbe vppa
tha benka to rojande. An-t Fly wårth tha bodel dêlath, men svnder hjara
wêta wårth âk hjara straf dêlath. Fon tha månniska thêr vppa tha vrlandiska
skepum stalt wêron, wêron sex thrvch bukpin felth. Mån tochte thåt et eta
ånd drinka vrjêven wêre, thêrvmbe wårth alles ovir bord jompth. Men
bûkpin reste ånd allerwêikes, hwêr slâvona jeftha god kêm, kêm âk bûkpin
binna. Tha Saxmanna brochten hju ovir hjara marka, mith tha Juttar for hju
nêi Skênland ånd alingen thêre kâd fon tha Balda-sê, mith Askar his stjûrar
for hju nêi Britanja. Wi ånd tham fon Grênegâ ne lêton nên god ner
minniska ovir vsa pâla navt ne kvma, ånd thêrvmbe bilêwon wi fon tha
bûkpin fry. Ho fêlo månniska bûkpin wêirâpth heth, nêt ik navt to
skrywane, men Prontlik thêr et åfternêi fon tha ôra fâmna hêrde, heth my
meld, thåt Askar thûsandmel mâra frya månniska ût sina stâtum hulpen
heth, as er vvla slâvona inbrochte. Thâ pest far god wyken was, tha kêmon
tha fri wrden Twisklandar nêi thêre Rêne, men Askar nilde mith tha forstum
fon thåt vvla vrbasterde folk navt an êne lyne navt ne stonda. Hi nilde navt
ne dâja, that hja skoldon hjara selva Fryas bern hêta, lik Rêintja biboden
hêde, men hi vrjet thêrbi that-i selva swarte hêra hêde. Emong tha
Twisklandar wêron thêr twâ folkar, thêr hjara selva nêne Twisklandar hêton.
Thåt êne folk kêm êl fêr ût-et sûd-âsten wêi, hja hêton hjara selva
Allemanna. Thissa nôma hêdon hja hjara selva jêven, thâ hja jeta svnder
wiva inna tha walda as bannane ommedwarelde. Lêtar håvon hja fon-et
slâvona folk wiva râvath, êvin sa tha Hlithâwar, men hja håvon hjara nôme
bihalden. Thåt ôra folk, thåt mâra hêinde ommedwarelde, hêton hjara selva
Franka, navt vmbe that hja fry wêron, men Frank alsa hêde thene êroste
kåning hêten, tham him selva mith hulpe fon tha vrbrûda fâmna to ervlik
kåning ovir sin folk mâkad hêde. Tha folkar tham an him pâladon, hêton
hjara selva Thjoth-his svna, that is folk-his svna, hja wêron frya månniska
bilêwen, nêidam hja nimmer ênen kåning ner forste nach mâster bikånnna
nilde, as thene jenge tham by mêna willa was kêren vppa thêre mêna acht.
Askar hêde al fon Rêintja fornommen, that tha Twisklandar forsta mêst alti
in fiandskip ånd faitha wêron. Nw stald-i hjam to fâra, hjâ skolde ênen
hêrtoga fon sin folk kjasa vmbe that-er ang wêre seid-er that hja skolde mit
manlik ôtherum skoldon twista ovir-et mâsterskip. Ak sêid-er kvndon sina
forsta mith-a Golum sprêka. Thåt sêid-er wêre âk Moder his mêne. Thâ
kêmon tha forsta thêra Twislandar to ekkôrum ånd nêi thrija sjugun etmelde
kêron hja Alrik to-ra hertoga ut. Alrik wêre Askar his nêva, hi jef him twên
hvndred skotse ånda hvndred thêra storosta Saxmanna mith to lifwêra. Tha
forsta moston thrija sjvgun fon hjara svnum nêi Stâveren senda to borg
hjarar trow. To nv was alles nêi winsk gvngen, men thâ mån ovire Rêne fara
skolde, nildon thene kåning thêra Franka navt vnder Alrikis bifêla navt ne
stonda. Thêrthrvch lip alles an tha tys. Askar thêr mênde thåt alles god
gvng, lande mith sina skêpa anna tha ôre syde thêre Skelda, men thêr was
was man long fon sin kvmste to ljucht ånd vppa sin hod. Hja moston alsa
ring fljuchta as hja kvmen wêron, ånd Askar wrde selva fath. Tha Gola
niston navt hwa hja fensen hêde, ånd alsa warth hi åfternêi ûtwixlath fori
ênnen hâge Gol, thêr Askar his folk mith forath hêde. Thawila thåt-et alles
bêrade, hlipon tha Mâgjara jeta dryster as to fâra ovir vsa bûra ra landa
hinna. By Egmvda hwêr to fâra tha burch Forâna stân hêde, lêton hja êne
cherka bvwa jeta grâter ånd rikar as Askar to Stâveren dên hêde. Afternêi
sêidon hja that Askar thju kåse vrlêren hêde with tha Gola, thrvchdam et
folk navt lâwa navt nilde, that Wodin hjam helpa kvste, ånd that hja him
thêrvmbe navt anbidda nilde. Forth gvngon hja to ånd skâkton jonga bern
tham hja by ra hildon ånd vpbrochten in tha hemnissa fon hjara vrbruda
lêre. Wêron thêr månniska tham

1 Here the writing of Beeden ends. In the manuscript two successive pages are missing
according to the paging, but no doubt there are more wanting. The abrupt opening of what
follows shows that the beginning of the following writing has been lost, and, in
consequence, also the notification of the name of the writer, who may have been a son or a
grandson of Beeden.
2 Phonsiar are Carthaginians.
3 Hals is Holstein.
Table of Contents
Translator’s Preface. v
Introduction. v
Comparative Sample Of the Old Frisian Laws, and the Language of
the Manuscript. xxvi
Adela. 1
Okke My Son— 3
The Book of Adela’s Followers. 5
Frya’s Tex. 19
This Has Fasta Spoken. 23
Fasta Said— 25
These are the Laws Established for the Government of the
Citadels. 25
Universal Law. 31
Here Follow the Laws which were thus Established. 33
These are the Rights of the Mothers and the Kings. 35
Here are the Rules Established for the Security of All Frisians.
37
From Minno’s Writings. 39
Laws for the Navigators. 41
Useful Extracts from the Writings left by Minno. 43
From Minno’s Writings. 49
From the Writings of Minno. 57
These are the Three Principles on which these Laws are
Founded. 59
These Rules are Made for Angry People. 61
These are the Rules Concerning Bastards. 63
What is Written Hereunder is Inscribed on the Walls of
Waraburgt. 65
This Stands Inscribed upon All Citadels. 67
How the Bad Time Came. 71
This is Inscribed on the Waraburgt by the Aldegamude. 71
All this is Inscribed not only on the Waraburgt, but also on the
Burgt Stavia, which Lies Behind the Port of Stavre. 79
What the Consequence of This Was. 85
Now We Will Write about the War between the Burgtmaagden
Kalta and Min-erva, 87
We Now Come to the History of Jon. 91
Now We Shall Write how it Fared with Jon. It is Inscribed at
Texland. 97
This is about the Geertmen. 101
In the Year One Thousand and Five after Atland was Submerged,
This was Inscribed on the Eastern Wall of Fryasburgt. 105
This is Inscribed in All Our Citadels. 111
How it Fared Afterwards with the Magy. 117
Postscript. 121
The Writings of Adelbrost and Apollonia. 123
The Second Writing. 129
The Elegy of the Burgtmaagd. 133
The Oldest Doctrine. 135
The Second Part of the Oldest Doctrine. 139
This is Written on Parchment—“Skrivfilt.” Speech and Answer to
other Maidens as an Example. 143
Now I will Write Myself, First about My Citadel, and then about
what I have been Able to See. 147
The Writings of Frêthorik and Wiljow. 157
Now I Will Relate how the Geertman and Many Followers of
Hellenia Came Back. 163
This Writing has been Given to Me about Northland and
Schoonland (Scandinavia). 179
The Writing of Konerêd. 195
Now I Will Write about Friso. 197
What Friso did Further. 203
 Now I will Write about His Son Adel. 209
Here is the Writing with Gosa’s Advice. 215
Here is my Counsel. 219
The Writing of Beeden. 227
Letter of Rika the Oudmaagd, Read at Staveren at the Juul
Feast. 229
Adela. 2
Okke min svn. 2
Thet bok thêra Adela folstar. 4
Tex Fryas. 18
Thet het Fasta sêid. 22
Fasta sêide. 24
That send tha êwa thêr to thêra burgum hêra. 24
Mêna êwa. 30
Hyr folgath tha êwa thêr thêrut tavlikt send. 32
Hyr send tha rjuchta thêre moder and thêra kêninggar. 34
Hyr send tha rjuchta aller Fryas vmbe sêkur to wêsande. 36
Ut Minnos skriftun. 38
Êwa fara stjurar. Stjurar is thi èrenoma thêra butafarar. 40
Netlika sêka ut-a nêilêtne skriftum Minnos. 42
Ut-a skrifta Minnos. 48
III. Ut-a skrifta Minnos. 56
Hir vnder send thrê wêta, thêr after send thissa setma makad.
58
Thissa domar send makad fara nydiga manniska. 60
This send domar fara horninga. 62
That hyr vnder stat is in ut tha wagar thêre Waraburgh writen.
64
That stêt vp alle burgum eskrêven. 66
Ho arge tid kêm. 70
Thit stêt inna Waraburch by thêre Aldega mvda wryt. 70
Thit ella stet navt allêna vpper Waraburgh men ok to thêre burch
Stavia, thêr is lidsen aftere have fon Stavre. 78
Hwat thêr of wrden is. 84
Nw willath wi skriwa vr tha orloch thêra burchfamna Kalta and
Min-erva 86
Hirby kvmth tha skêdnesse fon Jon. 90
Nv willath wi skriva ho-t Jon vrgvngen is, thit stêt to Texland
skrêven. 96
Thit is over tha Gêrtmanna. 100
An tha jêra 1000 and 5 nêi Aldland svnken is, is thit vpp-ina
asterwach it Fryas burch writen. 104
Thit stat in al vsa burga. 110
Ho-t thene Magy forth vrgvngon is. 116
Nêischrift. 120
Tha skrifta fon Adelbrost and Apollonia 122
Thet othera skrift. 128
Thêre burchfams lov. 132
Formlêre. 134
Thet othera dêl fonre formlêr. 138
Thit stat vp skrivfilt skrêven. Tal and andworde ora famna to-n
forbyld. 142
Nw wil ik selva skriwa êrost fon over min burch and than over
hwat ik hav muge sjan. 146
Tha skrifta fon Frethorik and Wiljow. 156
Nw wil ik skriwa ho tha Gêrtmanna and fêlo Hêlênja folgar tobek
kêmon. 162
Thit skrift is mij ower Nortland jeftha Skênland jêven. 178
Thet skrift fon Konerêd. 194
Nv wil ik vr Friso skriva. 196
Ho Friso forther dêde. 202
Nw wil ik skriwa vr Adel sin svnv. 208
Hyr is that skrift mith Gosas rêd. 214
Hyr is nv min rêd. 218
Thet skrift fon Bêden. 226
Brêf fon Rika thju aldfam, vpseid to Staveren by-t jolfêrste.
228
Colophon
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xxiv civilisation civilization
19 Though Through
29, 61,
77 illwill ill will
173 [Not in source] )
179 Heil Hail
2 thû sond thûsond
6 or zonder [Deleted]
14, 56,
78, 92,
146, 210,
240 [Not in source] .
52 W.ralda Wr.alda
60 mei mêi
68 Sêkâmpar Sêkåmpar
76 Dennemar kum Dennemarkum
78, 90,
176 , .
82 âtland Âtland
84 åfternei åfternêi
84 Wyringâ Wyringgâ
84 . ,
86, 112 weron wêron
88 fon t fon-t
94 Kâltana Kåltana
100 Krekalanda Krêkalanda
126 burchfam burchfâm
136 felo fêlo
178 . .
218 Fryasbnrch Fryasburch
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