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The document covers the concepts of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and displacement, and energy as the ability to do work. It explains potential and kinetic energy, the conservation and transformation of energy, and categorizes world energy resources into renewable and non-renewable types. Additionally, it includes evaluations and assignments to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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Adedayo Aladesanmi
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5 views

TOPIC

The document covers the concepts of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and displacement, and energy as the ability to do work. It explains potential and kinetic energy, the conservation and transformation of energy, and categorizes world energy resources into renewable and non-renewable types. Additionally, it includes evaluations and assignments to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Adedayo Aladesanmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

CONTENT
 Work
 Work Done in Lifting a Body & Falling Bodies
 Conservation & Transformation of Energy
 World Energy Resources

WORK
Work is said to be done whenever a force moves a body through a certain distance in the direction
of force. Work done can be defined mathematically as the product of the force and the
displacement. It is a scalar quantity & measured in Joules
W = F X d ……………………………………….1.
W = mgh ……………………………………….2.
If a force is applied on a body at an angle Ø to the horizontal
Work done to move the body on the horizontal plane = Fcos Ø x d ……………………………..3.
Work done to raise the body to an appreciable height = Fcos Ø x d ………………………4.
Examples- A boy of mass 50kg runs up a set of steps of total height 3.0m. Find the work done
against gravity
Solution
m = 50kg, h = 3m, g = 10m/s2
Work done = mgh
= 50 x 10 x 3
= 1500 Joules
Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. It is a scalar quantity & measured in Joules. There are
many forms of energy. These include:
i. Mechanical energy
ii. Thermal energy
iii. Chemical energy
iv. Electrical energy
v. Nuclear/Atomic Energy
vi. Solar/Light energy
vii. Sound Energy

Types of Mechanical Energy


Mechanical energy is classified as
1) Potential energy
2) Kinetic energy

POTENTIAL ENERGY:- is simply “stored energy” i.e. energy possessed by a body by virtue of its
states:
P.E = mgh …………………………………………….5.

KINETIC ENERGY: is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. Examples area student
running a race, wind or air motion, electrical charges in motion, a moving bullet
K.E = ½ mv2 ……………………………………………………6.
Example - An object of mass 5kg is moving at a constant velocity of 15mls. Calculate its kinetic
energy.
Solution:
K.E = ½ mv2 = ½ x 5 x 15 x 15 = 562.5 J
Example - Find the potential energy of a boy of mass 10kg standing on a building floor 10m above
the ground level. g = 10m/s2
Solution:
P.E =mgh = 10 x 10 x10 =1000 J

POWER
Power is defined as the rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy. It is a scalar quantity &
measured in watt
Power = work done
Time …………………………………………..7
P = (F X d)/t = F X d/t = FV ……………………………………8
Example: - : A boy of mass 10kg climbs up 10 steps each of height 0.2m in 20 seconds. Calculate
the power of the boy.
Solution
Height climbed = 10 x 0.2 = 2m
Work done = mgh = 10 x 10 x 2 = 200 Joules
POWER = work = 10 x 10 x 2 = 10watts
Time 20

EVALUATION
1. Define power.
2. A boy of mass 960g climbs up to 12 steps each of height 20cm in 20 seconds. Calculate the
power of the boy.

WORK DONE IN A FORCE FIELD & ENERGY CONVERSION


Work done in Lifting a Body & Falling Bodies
The magnitude of work done in lifting a body is given by
Work = force x distance = mg x h = mgh
Also, the work done on falling bodies is given by
Work = force x distance = mg x h = mgh

EVALUATION
1. Explain three types of force field.
2. A loaded sack of total mass 100kg falls down from the floor of a lorry 2m high. Calculate the
work done by gravity on the load.

Conservation & Transformation of Energy


Energy can be converted from one form to another in a closed system. The law of conservation of
energy states that in an enclosed system, energy can neither be created nor destroyed during
transformation. Examples of such conversions include (a) Motor converts electrical to mechanical
energy (b) Generator converts mechanical to electrical energy (c) Electric pressing iron convert
electrical to heat energy

World Energy Resources


World energy resources can be classified as
1. Renewable Energy Resources: They are energy that can be replaced as they are used e.g. solar
energy, wind energy, water energy & biomass
2. Non-renewable Energy Resources: Energy that cannot be replaced after use e.g. nuclear energy,
petroleum & natural gas

EVALUATION
1. State the law of conservation of energy.
2. Differentiate between renewable & non-renewable energy.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. When is work said to be done?
2. State the difference between work, energy and power.
3. Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.

ASSIGNMENT
1. The following are example of force field except (a) electric force (b) magnetic force (c)
frictional force (d) gravitational force
2. Electric cell convert ……… to electrical energy (a) nuclear (b) chemical (c) mechanical (d) heat
3. The following are examples of renewable energy except (a) biomass (b) solar (c) wind (d)
nuclear
4. A boy of mass 50kg runs up a set of steps of total height 3.0m. Find the work done against
gravity (a) 1200J (b) 1500J (c) 1000J (d) 1300J
5. The SI unit of power is (a) joules (b) kilogram (c) watt (d) pascal
6 A bob of a simple pendulum has a mass of 0.02kg. Determine the weight of the bob (a) 0.2w
(b) 0.52w (c) 0.25w (d) 2N
7 An object of mass 0.5kg has K.E of 25J. calculate the speed of the object (a) 50ms1 (b)
25ms-1 (c) 2.ms-1 (d)10ml-1
8 An object of mass 0.5kg has a velocity of 4ms-1 Calculate the K.E (a) 4.0J (b) 40J (c) 0.4J (d)
400J
9 Which of the following fundamental quantities is not correctly paired with its unit of
measurement? (a) Electricity current – Ampere (b) Amount of substance – kilogram (c)
Temperature – Kelvin (c) length – meter
THEORY
1 Explain work done.
2 A boy of mass 960g climbs up to 12 steps each of height 20cm in 20 seconds. Calculate
the power of the boy.
3 A loaded sack of total mass 100kg falls down from the floor of a lorry 2m high. Calculate the
work done by gravity on the load.
4 State the law of conservation of energy.

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