ARRAYS

Ms. Nausheeda B S
 Introduction
• An array is a group of contiguous or
related data items that share a common
name.

• A particular value is indicated by writing a

number called index number or subscript
in brackets after the array name

• Marks[10]
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• The complete set of values are called as an
array
• The individual values are called as elements
• Arrays can be of any variable type

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 One-dimensional array
• A list of items can be given one variable name
using only one subscript – single-subscripted
variable or one-dimensional array
• Storage....
Number[0] = 35;
Number[1]=40;
Number[2]=20;
Number[3]=57;
Number[4]=19; 4
• The array variables can be used in programs
like any other C# variable
Number = number[0] + 10;
Number[4]= number[0] + number[2];
Number[2] = x[5] + y[10];
Value[6] = number[i] * 3;

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 Creating an array
1. Declaring the array
2. Creating memory locations
3. Putting values into memory locations

• Declaration : Type [] arrayname;

• Example:
– Int[] counter;
– Float[] marks;
– Int[] x, y;
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• Creation of arrays: Using new operator only
Arrayname = new type[size];
Example:
number = new int[5];
average = new float[10];

int[] Number = new int[5];

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• Initialization of arrays: To put values into the array

• Using array subscripts

Arrayname[subscript] = value;

Example:
Number[0]=35;
Number[1] = 40;
......
Number[4]=19;

Console.WriteLine(Number[0]);
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Can also be initialized as
type[] arrayname = {list of values} ;

int[] Number = {35,40,20,57,19};

or
int[] Number = new int [5] {35,40,20,57,19};

Console.WriteLine(Number[3]);

int[] Number1 = {1, 2,3};

int[] Number2;
Number2=Number1 ; //valid
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 Array Length
• In C#, all arrays are class-based and store the
allocated size in a variable named Length
• Int asize = a.Length;

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 Two-dimensional Arrays
• Creation:
int[ , ] myArray;
myArray = new int[3, 4];
Or
int[ , ] myArray = new int[3,4];

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• int[,] x= new int[2][3]
• int[ , ] x = new int[2, 3]{ {1, 2, 3}, {3, 4, 5} };
or
• int[ , ] x = { { 1, 2 ,3}, { 3, 4, 5 } };

// access first element from first row

• Console.WriteLine(x[0,0]); // returns 1

// access third element rom second row

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• x[1, 2]; // returns 5
• Initialization:
int[ , ] table = { {0,0,0}, {1,1,1} }
or
int[ , ] table = {
{0,0,0},
{1,1,1}
};
Console.WriteLine(table[1,2]);

Referring to a variable:
int value = table [1, 2]; Console.WriteLine(value); 13
 Variable-size arrays
• Multidimensional arrays – arrays of arrays
int[] [] x = new int [3][, ];
X[0] = new int [2];
X[1]= new int [4];
X[2] = new int [3];

Also known as jagged arrays

X[1][1] = 10;
int y = X[2][2]; 14
 Jagged arrays
• Declare the array of two elements.
datatype[][] name_of_array = new datatype[rows][]
int[][] arr = new int[2][];

• Initialize the elements.

arr[0] = new int[5] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
arr[1] = new int[4] { 2, 4, 6, 8 };

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for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write("Row " + i + ": ");
foreach(int num in arr[i])
Console.Write(num + " ");
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine(arr[0][1]);
arr[0][1] = 10;
Console.WriteLine(arr[0][1]);
Console.WriteLine(arr[1][2]);
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 output
Row 0: 1 3 5 7 9
Row 1: 2 4 6 8

3
10
6

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 table[2,2,3]
• int[ , ,] table = { {{0,0,0}, {1,1,1}} , {{0,0,0}, {1,1,1}} }
or
• int[ , ,] table = {
{{0,0,0}, {1,1,1}},
{{0,0,0}, {1,1,1}}
};
Console.WriteLine(table[0,1,2]);
int[ , , ] numbers = {
{ { 1, 3, 5 }, { 2, 4, 6 } },
{ { 2, 4, 9 }, { 5, 7, 11 } }
};
Console.WriteLine(numbers[0,1,2]); 18
int[][] jaggedArray = new int[3][];
jaggedArray[0] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
jaggedArray[1] = {0, 2, 4, 6};
jaggedArray[2] = {11, 22};

int[][] jaggedArray2 = {
{1, 3, 5, 7, 9},
{0, 2, 4, 6},
{11, 22}
};
// Assign 77 to the second element ([1]) of the first array ([0]):
jaggedArray2[0][1] = 77;
// Assign 88 to the second element ([1]) of the third array ([2]):
jaggedArray2[2][1] = 88; 19
int[][,] jaggedArray3 ={
new int[,] { {1,3}, {5,7} },
new int[,] { {0,2}, {4,6}, {8,10} },
new int[,] { {11,22}, {99,88}, {0,9} }
};
Console.Write("{0}", jaggedArray3[0][1, 0]);
Console.WriteLine(jaggedArray3.Length);

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using System;
public class ABC
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Declaration and Initialization
// with Multidimensional Array
int[][,] arr = new int[2][,] {
new int[, ] { { 1, 3 }, { 5, 7 } },
new int[, ] { { 0, 2 }, { 4, 6 }, { 8, 10 } }
};

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// Display the array elements:
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].GetLength(0); j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < arr[i].GetLength(1); k++)
{
Console.Write("arr[" + i + "][" + j
+ ", " + k + "] => "
+ arr[i][j, k] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
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 output
• arr[0][0, 0] => 1 arr[0][0, 1] => 3
• arr[0][1, 0] => 5 arr[0][1, 1] => 7

• arr[1][0, 0] => 0 arr[1][0, 1] => 2

• arr[1][1, 0] => 4 arr[1][1, 1] => 6
• arr[1][2, 0] => 8 arr[1][2, 1] => 10

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 System.Array Class
• Every array is automatically derived from
System.Array class
• Defines methods and properties that can be
used to manipulate arrays more efficiently

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using System;

class prgm {
static void Main(String[] args)
{
// Declare and initialize an array of integers
int[] arr = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };

// Print each element of the array

Console.WriteLine("Array elements are:");
foreach(int i in arr) {
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
}
} 25
Method / Purpose
Property
Clear() Sets a range of elements to empty values

CopyTo() Copies elements from source array into destination array

GetLength() Gives the number of elements in a given dimension of

array
GetValue() Gets the value for a given index in the array

Length Gives the length of an array

SetValue() Sets the value for a given index in the array

Reverse() Reverses the contents of one-dimensional array

Sort() Sorts the elements in a one-dimensional array

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 ArrayList Class
• System.Collections namespace defines a class
– ArrayList that can store a dynamically sized
array of objects

• Includes a number of methods to support

operations like sorting, removing and
enumerating its contents

• Has properties Count and Capacity – modify /

read capacity 27
using System;
using System.Collection
• Similar to array + grow dynamically
ArrayList cities = new ArrayList(30);
• Add elements using the Add() method
cities.Add(“Mumbai”);
cities.Add(“Goa”);

Default size = 4
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Remove an element:
cities.RemoveAt(1);
Modify capacity
cities.Capacity = 20;
Actual number of objects present in list
Int n = cities . Count;

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using System;
using System.Collections;

class program {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); // Creating an ArrayList

// Adding elements to the ArrayList

al.Add(1);
al.Add(2);
al.Add(3);

foreach(var item in al) {

Console.WriteLine(item);
}
}
} 30
 Some important ArrayList methods and properties
Methods / Property Purpose
Add() Adds an object to a list
Clear() Removes all elements from the list
Contains() Determines if an element is in the list
CopyTo() Copies a list to another
Insert() Inserts an element into the list
Remove() Removes the first occurrence of an element
RemoveAt() Removes the element at the specified place
RemoveRange() Removes a range of elements
Sort() Sorts the elements
Capacity Gets or sets the number of elements in the list
Count Gets the number of elements currently in the list
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using System;
using System.Collections;

class program {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList aL = new ArrayList(); // Creating an ArrayList

// Adding elements to ArrayList

aL.Add("Hello");
aL.Add("World");

Console.WriteLine("Total number of elements in an ArrayList : " + aL.Count);

Console.WriteLine("Capacity of an ArrayList : " + aL.Capacity);
}
}

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class prgm{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
ArrayList myList = new ArrayList(); // Creating an
ArrayList
// Adding elements to ArrayList
myList.Add("A");
myList.Add("B");
myList.Add("C");
myList.Add("D");
myList.Add("E");
myList.Add("F");
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if (myList.Contains("E"))
Console.WriteLine("Yes, exists at index " + myList.IndexOf("E"));
else
Console.WriteLine("No, doesn't exists");
}
}

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